- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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[Methods in Molecular Biology] Microfluidic Electrophoresis Volume 1906 (Methods and Protocols) || Paper-Based Electrophoresis Microchip as a Powerful Tool for Bioanalytical Applications
摘要： This chapter describes the development of paper-based microchip electrophoresis (pME) devices for the separation of clinically relevant compounds. pME were fabricated by laser cut and thermal lamination process using polyester pouches. In addition, hand-drawn pencil electrodes were integrated to the device to perform capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Finished device costs less than US$ 0.10 and did not require either sophisticated instrumentation or clean room facilities. Furthermore, pME is lightweight, easy to handle, ?exible, and robust. pME-C4D device revealed an excellent capacity to separate BSA and creatinine in less than 150 s with baseline resolution. The device proposed in this chapter has proven to be a good alternative as a platform for the diagnosis of diseases from renal disorders such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease.
关键词： Biomolecules,Paper electrophoresis,Kidney failure,Pencil electrodes,Bovine serum albumin,Creatinine,Clinical diagnosis,Contactless conductivity detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Spherical Covalent-Organic Framework for Enhancing Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules
摘要： A spherical vinyl-functionalized covalent-organic framework (COF-V) was room-temperature prepared by a facile method and applied as a novel substrate for surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS). Compared with conventional organic matrices, the spherical COF-V with high crystallinity and good monodispersity exhibited high sensitivity, no matrix background interference, wide-range applicability, high salt tolerance and reproducibility in the characterization of small molecules. On this basis, the applicability of the spherical COF-V-based SELDI-MS method was successfully demonstrated by determining trace glucose in diabetic urine, which would be a promising candidate for clinical diagnosis of diabetes. In addition, the morphological effect and desorption/ionization mechanism of COF-V were investigated in detail and the results indicated the spherical COF-V substrate could greatly enhance LDI process compared with bulk COF-V. This work not only extends the application of COFs in MS, but offers a promising alternative for small molecule identification and clinical diagnosis of diabetes.
关键词： spherical COF-V,clinical diagnosis,glucose,SELDI-MS,small molecules
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Observation of Dislocations in Graded Buffer Layers of IMM Single Junction InGaAs Solar Cells by Two-Photon Excitation Photoluminescence
摘要： In binary classi?cation, two-way confusion matrices, with corresponding measures, such as sensitivity and speci?city, have become so ubiquitous that those who review results may not realize there are other and more realistic ways to visualize data. This is, particularly, true when risk and reward considerations are important. The approach suggested here proposes that classi?cation need not offer a conclusion on every instance within a data set. If an algorithm ?nds instances (e.g., patient cases in a medical data set) in which attributes pertaining to a patient’s disease offer zero to nil information, there should be no classi?cation offered. From the physician’s perspective, disclosure of nil information should be welcome because it might prevent potentially harmful treatment. It follows from this that the developer of a classi?er can provide summary results amendable for helping the consumer decide whether or not it is prudent to pass or act (commission versus omission). It is not always about balancing sensitivity and speci?city in all cases, but optimizing action on some cases. The explanation is centered on John Kelly’s link of gambling with Shannon information theory. In addition, Graham’s margin of safety, Bernoulli’s utiles, and Hippocratic Oath are important. An example problem is provided using a Netherlands Cancer Institute breast cancer data set. Recurrence score, a popular molecular-based assay for breast cancer prognosis, was found to have an uninformative zone. The uninformative subset had been grouped with positive results to garner higher sensitivity. Yet, because of a positive result, patients might be advised to undergo potentially harmful treatment in the absence of useful information.
关键词： data compression,cancer,clinical diagnosis,sensitivity and speci?city,Data analysis,genetic expression,entropy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 19th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR) - Belo Horizonte, Brazil (2019.12.2-2019.12.6)] 2019 19th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR) - Closed-Loop Control of a Magnetically Actuated Fiber-Coupled Laser for Computer-Assisted Laser Microsurgery
摘要： In binary classi?cation, two-way confusion matrices, with corresponding measures, such as sensitivity and speci?city, have become so ubiquitous that those who review results may not realize there are other and more realistic ways to visualize data. This is, particularly, true when risk and reward considerations are important. The approach suggested here proposes that classi?cation need not offer a conclusion on every instance within a data set. If an algorithm ?nds instances (e.g., patient cases in a medical data set) in which attributes pertaining to a patient’s disease offer zero to nil information, there should be no classi?cation offered. From the physician’s perspective, disclosure of nil information should be welcome because it might prevent potentially harmful treatment. It follows from this that the developer of a classi?er can provide summary results amendable for helping the consumer decide whether or not it is prudent to pass or act (commission versus omission). It is not always about balancing sensitivity and speci?city in all cases, but optimizing action on some cases. The explanation is centered on John Kelly’s link of gambling with Shannon information theory. In addition, Graham’s margin of safety, Bernoulli’s utiles, and Hippocratic Oath are important. An example problem is provided using a Netherlands Cancer Institute breast cancer data set. Recurrence score, a popular molecular-based assay for breast cancer prognosis, was found to have an uninformative zone. The uninformative subset had been grouped with positive results to garner higher sensitivity. Yet, because of a positive result, patients might be advised to undergo potentially harmful treatment in the absence of useful information.
关键词： data compression,cancer,clinical diagnosis,sensitivity and speci?city,Data analysis,genetic expression,entropy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics North (PN) - Quebec City, QC, Canada (2019.5.21-2019.5.23)] 2019 Photonics North (PN) - In-band pumped composite Nd:YVO/Nd:GVO laser
摘要： In binary classi?cation, two-way confusion matrices, with corresponding measures, such as sensitivity and speci?city, have become so ubiquitous that those who review results may not realize there are other and more realistic ways to visualize data. This is, particularly, true when risk and reward considerations are important. The approach suggested here proposes that classi?cation need not offer a conclusion on every instance within a data set. If an algorithm ?nds instances (e.g., patient cases in a medical data set) in which attributes pertaining to a patient’s disease offer zero to nil information, there should be no classi?cation offered. From the physician’s perspective, disclosure of nil information should be welcome because it might prevent potentially harmful treatment. It follows from this that the developer of a classi?er can provide summary results amendable for helping the consumer decide whether or not it is prudent to pass or act (commission versus omission). It is not always about balancing sensitivity and speci?city in all cases, but optimizing action on some cases. The explanation is centered on John Kelly’s link of gambling with Shannon information theory. In addition, Graham’s margin of safety, Bernoulli’s utiles, and Hippocratic Oath are important. An example problem is provided using a Netherlands Cancer Institute breast cancer data set. Recurrence score, a popular molecular-based assay for breast cancer prognosis, was found to have an uninformative zone. The uninformative subset had been grouped with positive results to garner higher sensitivity. Yet, because of a positive result, patients might be advised to undergo potentially harmful treatment in the absence of useful information.
关键词： data compression,cancer,clinical diagnosis,sensitivity and speci?city,Data analysis,genetic expression,entropy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Designing luminescent ruthenium prodrug for precise cancer therapy and rapid clinical diagnosis
摘要： The effective design of a targeted drug delivery system could improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs by reducing their undesirable adsorption and toxic side effects. Here, an RGD-peptide functionalized and bioresponsive ruthenium prodrug (Ru-RGD) was designed for both cancer therapy and clinical diagnosis. This prodrug can be selectively delivered to cervical tumor sites to enhance theranostic efficacy. The benzimidazole-based ligand of the complex is susceptible to acidic conditions so, after reaching the tumor microenvironment, ligand substitution occurs and the therapeutic drug is released. The deep-red emissions produced by both one-photon and two-photon excitation increases the potential of Ru-RGD for use in the deep tissue imaging of 3D tumor spheroids. The specific accumulation of the Ru prodrug in tumor sites allows for precise tumor diagnosis and therapy in vivo. Luminescence staining of 38 clinical patient specimens shows that Ru-RGD exhibits differences in binding capability between cervical cancer and normal tissue, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100%. This study thus provides an approach for the effective design and application of targeted metal complexes in cancer therapy and clinical diagnosis.
关键词： targeted drug delivery,cancer theranosis,rapid clinical diagnosis,two-photon imaging,tumor microenvironment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications in Medicine
摘要： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is rapidly gaining ground in modern clinical research. This technique is useful for understanding a wide variety of applications ranging from characterization and quality control of various compounds to biomedicine. Importantly, biological materials like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids have unique structures so it is possible to obtain spectral fingerprints corresponding to their functional groups. FTIR spectroscopic techniques generate an immediate appeal in the field of biology and medicine because of their fast and non-invasive nature. It allows easy visualization of cellular components based on their intrinsic properties and chemical composition. It provides a potential route to screen diagnostic markers for diseases like cancer. FTIR spectroscopy is also considered as a useful tool for analysis of the chemical composition of human calculi. Analysis of stone samples from recurrent stone formers by FTIR may provide a clue to effective prevention of stone recurrence [1]. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has proven to be a fundamental and valuable technique in biology and medicine due to its high sensitivity to detecting changes in the functional groups belonging to tissue components such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids [2]. Infrared spectra of human and animal tissues could provide information on the molecular structure of tissues. FT-IR has been extensively applied for the determination of a biochemical metabolite in biological fluids. Diagnosis of various types of malignancies such as lung, breast, skin, cervical and colon cancers is already reported in the literature. The spectra are analysed for changes in levels of molecules such as RNA, DNA, phosphates, and carbohydrates. Variation of the RNA/DNA ratio as measured at 1121/1020 cm-1 generally show higher ratio for malignant tissues compared to their non-malignant counterpart. Changes in the spectra of malignant samples were also observed in the symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands of the phosphodiester backbones of nucleic acids, the CH stretching region, the C-O stretching bands of the C-OH groups of carbohydrates and cellular protein residuals, and the pressure dependence of the CH2 stretching mode [3]. The changes in the FTIR spectra correlate to modification of bases and sugars, and redistribution of the H-bond network. The loss/change in the covalent bonds due to damage in the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of nucleic acids can be observed in the spectra. These changes involved the phosphate and C-O stretching bands, the CH stretch region, and the pressure dependence of the CH2 bending and C=O stretching modes. FTIR micro spectroscopy has also been used as a fast diagnostic technique to identify drugs targeting specific molecular pathways causing chronic myeloid leukaemia. Chemometric data analysis was used to assess drug compounds in ex vivo cancer cells [4]. Substantial progress has been made in incorporating advances in computational methods into the system to increase the sensitivity of the entire setup, making it an objective and sensitive technique suitable for automation to suit the demands of the medical community. FTIR spectroscopy provides the possibility of obtaining information on molecular composition and structure at the level of single cell within a time-scale of few seconds-minutes and to perform qualitative and quantitative multi-component analyses. It helps in automated pattern recognition and objective classifications of samples with minimal and label-free sample treatment. The technical improvements will progressively increase the number of potential applications of micro FT-IR to cancer research and clinical diagnosis. It may be hoped that the future pre-clinical and clinical trials will include sample evaluation utilizing this technique in order to obtain data necessary to validate the use of micro FT-IR spectroscopy in a clinical context. In fact, this appears to be the most important way to reduce the high level of skepticism of many biologists and pathologists about an old technology that has been designed and improved mainly for applications in clinical diagnosis including cancer research.
关键词： cancer research,biomedicine,clinical diagnosis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR,clinical research
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46