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1 V high open-circuit voltage fluorinated alkoxybiphenyl side-chained benzodithiophene based photovoltaic polymers
摘要： Utilizing two-dimensional (2-D) conjugated structure and extending two-dimensional π-conjugation system with benzene can improve the performance of the BDT-based polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, combining with strong electron-drawing ability of fluorine atom, a new monomer BBFBDT with fluorinated alkoxybiphenyl unit as side-chain was designed and synthesized to construct medium band-gap donor (D) - acceptor (A) copolymer P1 with a benzo[1,2- c:4,5-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione (BDD) acceptor. Blending with a classical non-fullerene acceptor ITIC, the P1-based PSCs reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.16% and when coupled with a fullerene acceptor PC71BM, the PCE of PSCs reached 4.66% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.93 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 9.83 mA cm?2 and a fill factor (FF) of 50.97%. The relatively poor Jsc of P1-based devices may be caused by the bad complementarity of absorption spectra. Furthermore, a wide band-gap D-A copolymer P2, with a electron-deficient 4,7-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-5,6-difluoro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (TZ) as the acceptor unit, was synthesized to match the absorption spectra of ITIC. Finally, the efficiency achieved 6.59% with Voc of 0.99 V, Jsc of 14.37 mA cm?2 and FF of 46.32%.
关键词： Fluorinated alkoxybiphenyl side-chain,Benzodithiophene (BDT),High open-circuit voltage,Conjugated polymers,Polymer solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Direct Quantum Error Detection in Spatially Multiplexed Transmission
摘要： In this paper, we investigate the properties of transmission links amplified by phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs). Using an analytic description, we explain the principles enabling improved sensitivity compared to conventional links amplified by phase-insensitive amplifiers (PIAs) and mitigation of nonlinear transmission distortions. We demonstrate these features using numerical simulations, and in particular, we show the possibility of efficiently mitigating both self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced distortions and nonlinear phase noise (NLPN) if the link dispersion map is optimized. The properties of the noise on signal and idler are important and to enable NLPN mitigation, the noise must be correlated at the link input. We investigate the role of the dispersion map in detail and show that in a link with standard single mode fiber (SSMF) the optimum dispersion map for efficient nonlinearity mitigation corresponds to precompensation of an amount equal to the effective loss length. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate both improved sensitivity and mitigation of nonlinearities in a 105 km PSA-amplified link transmitting 10 GBd 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) data. We measure a combined effect allowing for more than 12 dB larger span loss in a PSA-amplified link compared to a conventional PIA-amplified link to reach the same bit error ratio (BER) of 1 × 10?3.
关键词： phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs),Fiber nonlinearity mitigation,optical amplifiers,optical fiber communication,phase-conjugated twin waves,fiber optical parametric amplifiers (FOPAs)
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Conjugated Organic Cations Enable Efficient Self-Healing FASnI3 Solar Cells
摘要： The introduction of large-volume amines (LVAs) in Sn-based perovskite films has been shown to lead to promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) in Pb-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the LVAs adopted so far (e.g., phenylethylammonium [PEA] and butylammonium [BA]) are insulating and could impede charge extraction within the perovskite film. Herein, a conjugated LVA, 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine (PPA), is introduced in formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite. Our results show that the incorporation of PPA results in enlarged grain sizes, reduced trap density, preferential orientation, efficient charge extraction, and enhanced structural stability of FASnI3 film. These positive effects help in achieving efficient PSCs with a PCE as high as 9.61% with negligible hysteresis and outstanding stability (remains 92% of its initial PCE value after 1,440 h). Furthermore, the presence of PPA enables a self-healing action of PSCs. Most importantly, we report large-area (1 × 1 cm2) Sn-based PSCs achieving PCE of 7.08%.
关键词： FASnI3 solar cells,Lead-free perovskite,Photovoltaic performance,Self-healing,Conjugated organic cations
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Molecular engineering of a conjugated polymer as a hole transporting layer for versatile p–i–n perovskite solar cells
摘要： Along with the development of perovskite materials, which have enormous potential for optoelectronics such as solar cells and light-emitting diode devices, numerous organic semiconductor polymers, which have been critically adopted into the hole and electron transporting layers, have been synthesized and studied. In neiep-structured perovskite solar cells, various outstanding polymer materials have been successfully applied. However, in peien-structured solar cells, the hydrophobic nature of the polymers makes the sequential deposition of a perovskite thin ?lm dif?cult. Several destructive methods have been proposed; however, a more ef?cacious and fundamental method is urgently needed. Here, we present a nondestructive polymer hole-transporting layer (HTL) thin-?lm formation process based on molecular engineering via a simple solvent process. When we used various solvents with different volatilities, perovskite ?lm formation was achieved on polymer thin ?lms formed from highly volatile solvents. In addition, we elucidated the structure and orientation of the molecules in the ?lms and revealed that the molecular structure of face-on orientation for the horizontally aligned hydrophobic alkyl groups induced a lower surface energy of the ?lm, as determined by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. Furthermore, the tilt angle of the molecules, which was calculated from the results of quantitative near-edge X-ray absorption ?ne structure (NEXAFS) analysis, was found to correlate with the surface energy. This result provides guidance for polymer-orientation and surface-energy studies, and perovskite solar cells fabricated using the polymer HTL demonstrated good durability and ?exibility. We expect that our approach represents a new route for fabricating peien-structured solar cells and that numerous valuable p-type conjugated polymers will be developed via our proposed molecular engineering process.
关键词： Solvent process,Organic semiconductor,Flexible device,Conjugated polymer,Perovskite solar cell,Molecular engineering
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhanced Stability and Performance of Air-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells via Defect Passivation with Thiazole-Bridged Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based ??-Conjugated Polymer
摘要： Minimization of the defects at grain boundaries and/or the film surface of organic–inorganic halide perovskites becomes increasingly important to produce highly-efficient and long-term stable perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). In this study, we present a promising strategy to enhance the performance and stability of PeSCs by using thiazole-bridged diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based semiconducting polymer poly{3-(5-([2,2′-bithiophen]-5-yl)thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-6-(thiazol-2-yl) pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione} (PTzDPPBTz) as the passivation layer. Our results indicate a large amount of Lewis base functional groups present in PTzDPPBTz can effectively passivate the defects and vacancies created by under-coordinated Pb atoms without significantly altering the microstructure of the perovskite film, enabling the perovskite film to exhibit superior stability while preserving their good optoelectronic properties. Meanwhile, the appropriate energy level of PTzDPPBTz can facilitate efficient charge transfer at the interface. With PTzDPPBTz passivation layer, the devices deliver power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 20.30% (stabilized PCE = 20.39%) without photocurrent hysteresis, surpassing the efficiency of the devices without passivation layer (PCE = 16.58%). Importantly, PTzDPPBTz passivation layer can also be applicable for air-processed devices prepared under high relative humidity level (72 ± 3%), delivering almost comparable PCE (19.19%) to those obtained for the devices processed under inert atmosphere. To the best of ourknowledge, 19.19% represents the highest PCE ever reported for air-processed PeSCs prepared under the relative humidity exceeding 70%. In addition, the feasibility of using conjugated polymer-based passivation layer for monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells is firstly demonstrated, and a remarkably high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.87 V is attained, which is much higher than those of the tandem cells without passivation (1.76 V). More encouragingly, long-term stable devices are demonstrated by simply applying UV-curable epoxy/poly[perfluoro(4- vinyloxy-1-butene)] (CYTOP) bilayer film as the encapsulation layer, rataining ≈65% of their initial PCE after 890 hours of continuous operation in ambient air. Our findings provide a new avenue to improve both the efficiency and stability of air-processed PeSCs via defect passivation.
关键词： efficiency,defect passivation,air-processed,π-conjugated polymer,stability,thiazole-bridged diketopyrrolopyrrole,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Synthesis of the diketopyrrolopyrrole/terpyridine substituted carbazole derivative based polythiophenes for photovoltaic cells
摘要： A series of conjugated polythiophenes (PTs) having low band gap energies (PDPP, PDPCz21, PDPCz11), with 2-ethylhexyl-functionalized 2,5-thienyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) as the electron acceptor and terpyridine-substituted carbazole (TPCz) as the electron donor, have been synthesized and studied for their applicability in polymer-based photovoltaic cells (PVCs). The thermal stability and solvent solubility of PTs increased upon increasing the content of the TPCz derivative. PVCs were fabricated having the following architecture: indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate/PT:6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)/Ca/Ag. The compatibility between the PT and PC71BM improved upon increasing the TPCz content. The photovoltaic properties of the PDPCz21-based PVCs were superior to those of their PDPP- and PDPCz11-based counterparts.
关键词： electron donor,photovoltaic cells,diketopyrrolopyrrole,electron acceptor,conjugated polythiophenes,terpyridine-substituted carbazole
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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What can we learn from model systems: Impact of polymer backbone structure on performance and stability of organic photovoltaics
摘要： We report the synthesis and extensive investigation of a broad family of novel (X-DADAD)n conjugated polymers with different X building blocks. It was shown that variation of X block in polymer backbone represents an efficient approach for tuning the polymer optical properties, frontier energy levels, charge transport characteristics as well as thin-film morphology and photovoltaic characteristics. Decent power conversion efficiencies (5.1–5.7%) were achieved for solar cells based on the polymers comprised of dibenzosilole (P2) and carbazole (P3) units. Polymers P2 and P3 showed impressive indoor and outdoor stability in solar cells while clearly outperforming common benchmark materials. In the view of the obtained results, the designed (X-DADAD)n polymers can be considered as promising semiconductor materials for stable organic photovoltaics.
关键词： Operational stability,Organic solar cells,Thiophene,Conjugated polymers,Benzothiadiazole
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Conjugated polyelectrolyte with potassium cations enables inverted perovskite solar cells with an efficiency over 20%
摘要： Defect-passivation functional groups have been extensively explored in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years; however, most of these groups were organic, and the integration of inorganic functional groups with organic matrixes bearing other functions has rarely been reported. Here, to demonstrate the effective of this integration, the coalition of an inorganic group, K+ ion, and an organic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) matrix which serves as a hole transporting material (HTM) is attempted. The resulting CPE material TB(K) presents much stronger ability of defect-passivation and hole extraction, and thus yields a much lifted power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.01% and an increased long-term stability when applied in the inverted PSC devices compared with its control polymer TB(Na), where only the inorganic cations are varied from a defect-passivation group to a common one.
关键词： inorganic functional groups,defect-passivation,perovskite solar cells,hole transporting material,conjugated polyelectrolyte
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High-Performance Ambient-Condition-Processed Polymer Solar Cells and Organic Thin-Film Transistors
摘要： Large-scale commercial synthesis of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell materials is very challenging and both time and energy consuming. Synthesis of π-conjugated polymers (CPs) with uniform batch-to-batch molecular weight and low dispersity is a key requirement for better reproducibility of high-efficiency polymer solar cells. Herein, a conjugated polymer (CP) PTB7-Th, well known for its high performance, has been synthesized with high molecular weight and low dispersity in a closed microwave reactor. The microwave reaction procedure is known to be more controlled and consumes less energy. The precursors were strategically reacted for different reaction time durations to obtain the optimum molecular weight. All different CPs were well characterized using 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV?vis, photoluminescence (PL), electron spin resonance (ESR), and Raman spectroscopy, whereas the film morphology was extensively studied via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) techniques. The effect of molecular weight on a conventional BHJ solar cell with PC71BM acceptor was investigated to derive systematic structure?property relationships. The CP obtained after 35 min of reaction time and integrated into BHJ devices under ambient conditions provided the best performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.09%, which was quite similar to the results of CPs synthesized via a thermal route. An enhanced PCE of 8.47% was obtained for the optimized polymer (35 min microwave reaction product) when device fabrication was carried out inside a glovebox. The organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) device with the microwave-synthesized CP displayed better hole mobility (0.137 cm2 V?1 s?1) as compared to that with the thermally synthesized CP. This study also proved that the device stability and reproducibility of the microwave-synthesized CP were much better and more consistent than those of the thermally developed CP.
关键词： microwave reactor,π-conjugated polymers,organic thin-film transistors,polymer solar cells,bulk-heterojunction
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Elevated Photovoltaic Performance in Medium Bandgap Copolymers Composed of Indacenodi-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and Benzothiadiazole Subunits by Modulating the ??-Bridge
摘要： Two random conjugated polymers (CPs), namely, PIDTT‐TBT and PIDTT‐TFBT, in which indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDTT), 3‐octylthiophene, and benzothiadiazole (BT) were in turn utilized as electron‐donor (D), π‐bridge, and electron‐acceptor (A) units, were synthesized to comprehensively analyze the impact of reducing thiophene π‐bridge and further fluorination on photostability and photovoltaic performance. Meanwhile, the control polymer PIDTT‐DTBT with alternating structure was also prepared for comparison. The broadened and enhanced absorption, down‐shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), more planar molecular geometry thus enhanced the aggregation in the film state, but insignificant impact on aggregation in solution and photostability were found after both reducing thiophene π‐bridge in PIDTT‐TBT and further fluorination in PIDTT‐TFBT. Consequently, PIDTT‐TBT‐based device showed 185% increased PCE of 5.84% profited by synergistically elevated VOC, JSC, and FF than those of its counterpart PIDTT‐DTBT, and this improvement was chiefly ascribed to the improved absorption, deepened EHOMO, raised μh and more balanced μh/μe, and optimized morphology of photoactive layer. However, the dropped PCE was observed after further fluorination in PIDTT‐TFBT, which was mainly restricted by undesired morphology for photoactive layer as a result of strong aggregation even if in the condition of the upshifted VOC. Our preliminary results can demonstrate that modulating the π‐bridge in polymer backbone was an effective method with the aim to enhance the performance for solar cell.
关键词： 2‐b]thiophene,random conjugated polymer,modulating π‐bridge,indacenodithieno[3,photovoltaic property
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59