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Efficient All-Inorganic CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells by Using CdS/CdSe/CdS Quantum Dots as Intermediate Layers
摘要： Highly e?cient all-inorganic perovskite solar cells require a fast charge transfer from CsPbBr3 to TiO2 to reduce the recombination from trap states. Herein, we insert a CdS/CdSe/CdS quantum dot (QD) layer between the TiO2 and CsPbBr3 layers to fabricate all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. By tuning the thicknesses of the CdSe layer of CdS/CdSe/CdS QDs, the conduction band (CB) levels can be adjusted to -3.72~-3.87 eV. After inserting the QD intermediate layer, the energy o?set between the CB of TiO2 and CsPbBr3 is reduced, thus leading to a charge transfer rate boost from 0:040 × 109 to 0:059 × 109 s?1. The power conversion e?ciency (PCE) of the solar cell with QD intermediate layer achieves 8.64%, which is 20% higher than its counterpart without QDs.
关键词： CdS/CdSe/CdS quantum dots,power conversion efficiency,charge transfer,all-inorganic perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Organic Solar Cells Based on Small Molecule Donor and Polymer Acceptor Operating at 150 ?°C
摘要： Organic Solar Cells Based on Small Molecule Donor and Polymer Acceptor Operating at 150 oC. Inorganic or organic solar cells always operate at temperature lower than 100 oC and are not suitable for operating at high temperature. In this work, using blends of small molecular donor and polymer acceptor (MD/PA-type) as the active layers, we develop efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs), which can operate at temperature up to 150 oC. The device exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.51%, which is the highest value reported to date for MD/PA-type OSCs. After thermal treatment at 150 oC for 72 hours, the device can retain 84% of its initial PCE value. This superior device stability at high temperature is attributed to the high phase transition temperatures of the two materials in the MD/PA-type active layer. This work suggests a new advantage of high-temperature tolerance for OSCs.
关键词： Power Conversion Efficiency,Small Molecule Donor,Organic Solar Cells,Polymer Acceptor,High Temperature Operation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Light trapping for photovoltaic cells used for optical power transmission
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) cells used for optical power transmission convert laser light incident from limited directions to electricity. This illumination condition is in contrast to that for solar cells. A combination of an angular selective filter consisting of a dielectric multilayer on the front surface and a diffuse reflector on the rear surface significantly traps both the incident laser light into and radiation from the PV cell. This light trapping effect can improve the monochromatic conversion efficiency of a GaAs PV cell by 9% (absolute) compared with that for the ×4n2 trapping, under 872 nm and 1 W cm?2 laser illumination.
关键词： GaAs,light trapping,conversion efficiency,optical power transmission,photovoltaic cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Propulsion effects after laser ablation in water, confined by different geometries
摘要： A Nd:YAG laser with 7-ns pulses and pulse energies up to 10 mJ is used to induce an optical breakdown in the front surface of an aluminum rod, covered by a water layer. The rod is part of a ballistic pendulum. In this way, we study the propulsion effects by means of coupling coefficient and energy-conversion efficiency with respect to different confining geometries, volumes of water applied to the front surface of the rod, and the distance of this surface from the laser-beam focus. Holes with different dimensions are drilled on the target surface and filled with different volumes of water to examine the influence of the confinement by the liquid (a free boundary) and a solid-surface geometry on laser ablation effects. The rod movement and the water ejection after laser ablation are acquired by a high-speed camera with 10k frames per second. The results show that the confinement by cavity substantially increases the propulsion effects by shaping the ejected flow of the liquid; while the cavitation bubble, induced inside the water layer, plays a significant role in propulsion efficiency. From the presented results, it follows that the laser-propelled rod carries below 0.5% of the total mechanical energy after propulsion, while the rest of this energy represents the kinetic energy of the ablated water. As expected, moving the target surface away from the focal position decreases the ablative-propulsion efficiency. When the focus is moved inside the solid target, the decrease occurs due to lower conversion of the pulse energy into the energy of the cavitation bubble. If the focus is moved from the surface outward, the bubble moves towards the liquid–gas interface and it is not able to efficiently eject all the liquid from the target.
关键词： Cavitation bubble,Coupling coefficient,Laser propulsion,Nanosecond laser,Energy-conversion efficiency,Laser ablation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A two-fold engineering approach based on Bi2Te3 flakes towards efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are currently the leading thin-film photovoltaic technology owing to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE), as well as their low-cost and facile manufacturing process. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been reported to improve both the PCE and the stability of the PSCs when incorporated across the device’s layered configuration. Hereby, a two-fold engineering approach is implemented in inverted PSCs by using ultra-thin Bi2Te3 flakes, i.e.: (1) to dope the electron transport layer (ETL) and (2) to form a protective interlayer above the ETL. Thorough steady-state and time-resolved transport analyses reveal that our first engineering approach improves the electron extraction rate and thus the overall PCE (+8% vs. reference cells), as a result of the favourable energy level alignment between the perovskite, the ETL and the cathode. Moreover, the Bi2Te3 interlayer through the second engineering approach, facilitates further the electron transport and in addition protects the underlaying structure against chemical instability effects leading to enhanced device’s performance and stability. By combining the two engineering approaches, our optimised PSCs reach a PCE up to 19.46% (+17% vs. reference cells) and retain more than 80% of their initial PCE, after the burn-in phase, over 1100 h under continous 1 Sun illumination. These performances are among the highest reported in literature for inverted PSCs.
关键词： electron transport layer,Perovskite solar cells,Bi2Te3 flakes,stability,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Lasing efficiency of krypton ions in the (8a??14)-nm band upon pulsed laser excitation
摘要： The emission spectra of krypton plasma in the range of 8 – 14 nm upon excitation of a pulsed gas jet by 1.06-mm Nd : YAG laser radiation with a pulse energy of 0.85 J, pulse duration of 5.2 ns, and repetition rate of 10 Hz are investigated. The krypton emission spectrum is a wide (8 – 14 nm) band, peaking at 10.3 nm, which is formed by a series of much narrower lines. The observed lines are identified, and the fraction of laser pulse energy converted into the (8 – 14)-nm emission band and emitted into half-space (2p sr) is determined. The maximum conversion efficiency is found to be 21 %. The expected throughputs of lithographic systems with sources based on Sn, Xe, and Kr ions for different wavelengths, correspond- ing to the emission peaks of ions of these materials, are compared.
关键词： extreme UV radiation,lithography,pulsed gas target,conversion efficiency,laser spark,krypton plasma
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved energy harvesting using well-aligned ZnS nanoparticles in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell
摘要： Zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by low temperature colloidal chemistry to produce stable zinc blend structure. The metallic ZnS NPs were incorporated into poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and (6,6)-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend photoactive layer to improve the overall performance of organic solar cells (OSC). The newly fabricated devices have exhibited enhanced photocurrent which is likely to come from utilizing the near-field and light scattering effects due to the NPs. The short-circuit current density of the best solar cell was enhanced to as high as 15.65 mA cm?2 followed by 51% and 4.0% maximum fill-factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE), respectively. This enhancement is very comparable to those obtained from the use of expensive plasmonic gold and silver nanoparticles. The current results are encouraging to improve the performance of OSC through a facile yet cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach of metal nanoparticles synthesis.
关键词： Power conversion efficiency,Zinc sulphide,Organic solar cells,Photocurrent,Nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Mn Doping CsPbI3 Film Towards High-Efficiency Solar Cell
摘要： A doping technique that introduces suitable elements into the host material is extensively utilized to modulate perovskite lattice structure, stabilize crystallographic phases and achieve various optical and electronic properties. In this work, we substitute Pb2+ in CsPbI3 film with Mn2+ to improve the phase stability of the material. The crystalline quality of perovskite materials with Mn2+ doping is significantly improved, and the defect densitys is reduced. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of an inorganic perovskite solar cell with optimized Mn2+ doping (2%) reached 16.52 %, which is higher than the 15.05% of the reference, with an enhancement of ~ 10%. Simultaneously, the humidity and thermal stability were boosted by the Mn doping, which is attributed to the introduction of Mn shrinking the lattice of the perovskite material and enhancing the formation energy of the CsPbI3 film.
关键词： Power Conversion Efficiency,Mn-Doping,CsPbI3,Phase Stability,Perovskite Solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Challenges and opportunities for efficiency boost of next generation Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub/>2</sub> solar cells: prospect for a paradigm shift
摘要： Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic technology has notably progressed over the past years. Power conversion efficiencies above 23% were reached in spite of the absorber polycrystalline nature. Although efficiencies are still far from the practical limits, the material quality is approaching that of III-V compounds that yield the most efficient solar cells. High carrier lifetime, low open circuit voltage deficit and external radiative efficiency in single-digit percentage range, suggest the next efficiency boost may arise from the implementation of alternative device architectures. In this perspective paper, we describe the current challenges and pathways to enhance the power conversion efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. Specifically, we suggest the use of non-graded absorbers, integration of charge selective contacts and maximization of photon recycling. We examine these concepts by a semi-empirical device modelling approach, and show that these strategies can lead to efficiencies of 29% under the AM1.5 global spectrum. An analysis whether or not current state-of-the-art Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells already benefit from photon recycling is also presented.
关键词： Cu(In,Ga)Se2,charge selective contacts,photon recycling,power conversion efficiency,solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Highly Efficient Thermally Co-evaporated Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-modules
摘要： Although small-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), their scalability still represents one of the major limits toward their industrialization. For the first time, we prove that PSCs fabricated by thermal co-evaporation show excellent scalability. Indeed, our strategy based on material and device engineering allowed us to achieve the PCEs as high as 20.28% and 19.0% for 0.1 and 1 cm2 PSCs and the record PCE value of 18.13% for a 21 cm2 mini-module.
关键词： thermal co-evaporation,scalability,power conversion efficiency,mini-modules,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01