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- Rajarshi Rananjay Sinh Institute of Management and Technology
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Performance characteristics of the low-cost plantower PMS optical sensor
摘要： Low-cost sensors have become very popular in recent years for monitoring air pollutants. Commonly, they are calibrated by correlating their signals with reference instrument measurements and using a machine learning model to account for the influence of air properties. As particle properties vary over location, such calibration models are only relevant to measurements made at the calibration location during a limited time period. For a more general operation of these sensors it is critical that their measurement performance is established using the calibration approaches commonly for research grade instruments. Without loss the generality, here we conducted an experimental study with size-classified, composition and concentration varied particles to determine the response function of a popular low-cost sensor, Plantower PMS5003. The sensor response in all the size channels is analyzed using Tikhonov regularization and quadratic programing method with the constraints of nonnegative and monotonic response with particle size. We show that the shape of the response function is closely related to the light scattering response, consistent with what might be expected for an optical sensor. The response function shows that signals in all size channels have a complex dependence on particle material and size distribution. Accurate determination of particle mass and number distributions from the sensor signals in different channels is, thus, not straightforward. The response function calculation is validated by comparing sensor measured and predicted signals using polydispersed particles. The obtained response functions provide critical insight into the operation of a popular low-cost sensor and guidance on interpretation of its results.
关键词： light scattering response,Plantower PMS5003,quadratic programing,Tikhonov regularization,low-cost sensors,air pollutants
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Baltimore, MD, USA (2019.9.29-2019.10.3)] 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Levelized-Cost-of-Electricity-Driven Design Optimization for Medium-Voltage Transformerless Photovoltaic Converters
摘要： Design approaches for power electronics are typically focused on efficiency and power density; however, these strategies do not guarantee cost optimality in any well-defined sense. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a design framework that yields circuit parameters that minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of a generation system. LCOE serves as a meaningful metric since it captures total lifetime costs — including hardware, balance of system, and maintenance costs — and includes the impacts of power conversion efficiency and revenue from harvested energy. To obtain a tractable design problem, we formulate an approximate LCOE improvement model that quantifies the changes in LCOE resulting from a candidate converter design. We apply this framework to a multilevel cascaded topology for low-voltage dc to medium-voltage ac conversion without line-frequency transformers. An example 200 kW commercial-scale system is studied and the solution yields a design with 15 cascaded stages, 98.01% efficiency, and an LCOE reduction of 2.0%.
关键词： design optimization,multilevel converters,levelized cost of electricity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Chengdu, China (2019.5.21-2019.5.24)] 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia) - Optimal Allocation of Photovoltaic in the Hybrid Power System using Knapsack Dynamic Programming
摘要： Indonesia, which is represented by PLN as stated-owned electric utility company, commits to increase the share of renewable energy mix up to 23% in 2025. One way to reach this goal is the commitment to solar power generation. However, generation from photovoltaic has intermittency that dependent on sun irradiation, so the stability of power system might be affected in certain cases. The stability problem can be anticipated by using a hybrid power system with the composition of photovoltaic, battery, and diesel. Optimal power flow and N-1 contingency simulation is conducted to determine and compare locations and the capacity of hybrid power system. Furthermore the composition of hybrid power system is evaluated by an frequency stability simulation and the LCOE is calculated. The appropriate hybrid power system is selected by applying a knapsack dynamic programming approach. The result of the calculation is the optimal location of the hybrid power system with photovoltaic capacity as planned. This method is applied to Sumbawa power system as a case study.
关键词： power system stability,smart grids,cost,dynamic programming,hybrid power system
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Real options valuation of photovoltaic power investments in existing buildings
摘要： Renewable power generation based on solar energy is deemed to be a key instrument to reduce the carbon footprint of modern economies. Collectively, buildings are an energy-intensive consumption sector. Therefore, existing building rooftops are seen as a target for massively deploying photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation. Nevertheless, estimating the benefits and risks of investing in rooftop PV systems is indeed a challenging task due to the large uncertainties that affect tariffs, technology costs, and regulatory policy. After reviewing the literature and identifying the current gaps, this article develops a method based on Real Options theory for appraising investments in PV generation systems to be installed on the rooftop of existing buildings. The option value of differing the investment decision and the problem of the optimal time to invest in irreversible PV assets are addressed by an advanced valuation method based on stochastic simulation, linear regression, and backward dynamic programming. In this work, returns of self-generation PV investments are subjected to uncertainties upon declining investment costs and fluctuating electricity tariffs, which are represented by appropriate exogenous stochastic processes. In order to test the practicability of the proposed decision-making framework, the valuation of an exemplary rooftop PV-system in a government building is considered. Results show that while standard appraisal methods wrongly reject the rooftop PV project now and in the future, the option valuation method finds optimal to hold the opportunity open in order to reconsider to invest later. In addition, the method provides an objective value of the opportunity cost of using the building rooftop for another purpose. The proposed valuation approach would result in better investment allocation and faster development of distributed PV power capacity contributing thereby to enhance the sustainability of current energy systems.
关键词： Solar generation economics,Photovoltaic systems,Rooftop PV-Systems,Cost benefit analysis,Decision-making
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Modeling and design for low‐cost multijunction solar cell via light‐trapping rear texture technique: Applied in InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs triple junction
摘要： To realize high efficiency in parallel with low cost, a light‐trapping rear texture was proposed to be implemented in substrate‐free thin‐film multijunction (MJ) cells. A detailed‐balance theory was formulated taking account of the finite light absorption in thin subcells. Such presented absorption model is general and useful to optimize the subcell thickness for MJ solar cells with light‐trapping design. It is applied for InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs triple‐junction solar cells to simulate subcell photocurrents and to obtain the current‐matching (minimum requisite) subcell thicknesses combinations. Furthermore, the detailed‐balance conversion efficiency was estimated for both radiative limit and the cases with below‐unity internal radiative efficiency. For InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs MJ cells with InGaP subcell thickness less than 600 nm, adding a random‐textured rear reflector can enhance light absorption so significantly that over 90% of InGaAs‐cell thickness and even 50% of GaAs‐cell thickness would be cut without any penalty in conversion efficiency, compared with the subcell thicknesses in traditional MJ cells with flat rear reflectors. Additionally, the thickness combination, (InGaP, GaAs, and InGaAs) = (450 nm, 333 nm, and 26 nm), is recommended to achieve both high conversion efficiency and low material cost. This work provides a very important theoretical guidance for the development on low‐cost and high‐efficiency MJ devices.
关键词： detailed‐balance limit,low cost,multijunction solar cell,texture surface,light trapping
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Economic and performance evaluation of grid-connected residential solar photovoltaic systems in Northwest China
摘要： The purpose of the study is to assess and compare the economy and performance of a hypothetical 5 kWp grid-connected residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system with and without batteries in Northwest China. The performance and economic analysis of the grid-connected residential PV system in five locations (Xi’an, Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan, and Urumqi) of different Northwest China has been performed through System Advisor Model (SAM) software developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) using the typical meteorological year (TMY) data of EnergyPlus weather database. The results indicate that the feasible system comprises 16 Shanghai JA Solar Technology JAM6-72-275 mono-crystalline modules rated at 275Wp, two GCI-3K-2G-H inverters rated at 2,990 W, and without flooded lead acid battery storage. The grid-connected PV systems are economically viable in the five locations, whereas the grid-connect PV/battery systems are not viable under the existing assumptions. The loan term has the greatest impact on the real LCOE and NPV compared to the considered sensitivity variables when the range of variation is within ±20%.
关键词： levelized cost of electricity,grid-connected residential solar photovoltaic system,economic,Performance,net present value
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial Engineering in Functional Materials for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells || Nanoarchitectures as Photoanodes
摘要： Photovoltaic (PV) devices are the proficient way to obtain electrical energy from solar energy to meet the ever-increasing global energy demand. Silicon (Si)-based PV cells have reached an efficiency of 24.7% though at the cost of sophisticated technologies and expensive techniques [1], hampering low-cost production and limiting their widespread utilization [2]. Some of the drawbacks of the Si-PV devices were overcome by second-generation thin-film PV devices that are lightweight, flexible, and low-cost but are less efficient. The thin-film PV devices suffer from complex deposition process, difficulty in controlling stoichiometry and the presence of structural defects that adversely affects their performance [3]. The third-generation PV technology including organic photovoltaics (OPVs), dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), quantum-dot dye-sensitized solar cells (QD-DSSCs), and perovskite solar cells have fulfilled the condition of low-cost simple fabrication process, and the research focuses is on enhancing the efficiency, performance, and stability [2]. OPVs possess low efficiency but consist of toxic materials, while perovskite solar cells suffer from moisture instability and poor reproducibility. DSSCs offer a lot of advantages such as excellent stability, low toxicity, good conversion efficiency [4], simple device design, and low-cost fabrication process that supports large-scale production [2]. Even though the highest certified conversion efficiency of DSSCs (11–13%) [4] is half of the advanced thin film or crystalline (26.4%, 27.6%, respectively), their unique functionalities make them attractive for research [5].
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Photovoltaic devices,Quantum-dot dye-sensitized solar cells,Silicon-based PV cells,Thin-film PV devices,Low-cost fabrication,Conversion efficiency,Perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Rabat, Morocco (2018.12.5-2018.12.8)] 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Criteria for Identifying More Favourable Areas for Photovoltaic Installations : Case of East Spain
摘要： Technological development and social concern about the natural environment mean that renewable energies are a real alternative to fossil fuel sources. Renewable energies are not only a market niche, but can be a profitable alternative in agricultural economic domains. When studying where to locate photovoltaic installations, it is necessary to bear in mind the opportunity cost; that is, alternative land use. Medium- or large-sized photovoltaic installations are placed on lands normally used for farming, so the opportunity cost of such installations must be included in both economic and location terms.
关键词： solar radiation,profitability,opportunity cost,solar energy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Commercial-scale hybrid solar photovoltaic - diesel systems in select Arab countries with weak grids: An integrated appraisal
摘要： Solar photovoltaic (PV) diesel hybrid systems are effective solutions for sustainable energy transition in countries where utility grids are intermittent. An ‘integrated appraisal’ of ’hybrid solar (PV) - diesel’ systems are carried out to assess their overall energetic, environmental, financial and economic performances. The study carries out the analysis of hybridized solar photovoltaic energy using first-hand data and information collected from the Palestinian, Lebanese and Iraqi commercial and/or industrial sectors, adopting several scenarios of tariff and diesel fuel prices, capital costs assumptions, solar PV curtailment, and values for environmental damage adopted from life-cycle impact assessment methods that allow for monetization and are globally valid. Results show that hybrid PV-diesel systems have largely beneficial energy, environmental and economic performances in all three countries, whereas their financial performance are also positive for Palestine and Lebanon, however less promising in Iraq, mainly due Iraq’s heavily subsidized electricity tariff. The study concludes with policy recommendations focused on promoting solar PV in the commercial and/or industrial sectors, namely: the gradual phasing-out of fossil fuel subsidies, the effective execution of net-metering, the provision of subsidized sustainable energy loans, and carefully designed energy management systems.
关键词： Life-cycle assessment,Arab countries,Cost-benefit analysis,Hybrid solar PV-Diesel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Interfacial growth of the optimal BiVO4 nanoparticles onto self-assembled WO3 nanoplates for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
摘要： Photoelectrochemical water splitting is the most efficient green engineering approach to convert the sun light into hydrogen energy. The formation of high surface area core-shell heterojunction with enhanced light-harvesting efficiency, elevated charge separation, and transport are key parameters in achieving the ideal water splitting performance of the photoanode. Herein, we demonstrate a first green engineering interfacial growth of the BiVO4 nanoparticles onto self-assembled WO3 nanoplates forming WO3/BiVO4 core-shell heterojunction for efficient PEC water splitting performance. The three different WO3 nanostructures (nanoplates, nanobricks, and stacked nanosheets) were self-assembled on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrates via hydrothermal route at various pH (0.8–1.2) of the solutions. In comparison to nanobricks and stacked nanosheets, WO3 nanoplates displayed considerably elevated photocurrent density. Moreover, a simple and low cost green approach of modified chemical bath deposition technique was established for the optimal decoration of a BiVO4 nanoparticles on vertically aligned WO3 nanoplates. The boosted photoelectrochemical current density of 1.7 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5 G illumination was achieved for the WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction which can be attributed to a suitable band alignment for the efficient charge transfer from BiVO4 to WO3, increased light harvesting capability of outer BiVO4 layer, and high charge transfer efficiency of WO3 nanoplates.
关键词： Green hydrogen,Photoelectrochemical water oxidation,WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction,Low cost,Core-shell
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22