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- 2018
- Reliability
- Cost effective
- Multi objective optimization
- Quality of service
- PV
- Solar pumps
- Wind
- Irrigation system
- Rural development
- Rural Electrification
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- KNIT
- Rajarshi Rananjay Sinh Institute of Management and Technology
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The Distance Monitoring Extension of Wear Detection System with Optical Fiber Detection Wire
摘要： For the updation of contact wire wear detection systems, we have devised cost reduction methods for the wear detection system with optical fiber detection wire. For the field test of Tokaido Shinkansen, the compositions of cost reduction system exhibit good performance. The methods and test results are described in this paper.
关键词： cost reduction,monitoring distance extension,optical fiber detection wire,insulator with built-in optical fiber units
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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NRLI-UAV: Non-rigid registration of sequential raw laser scans and images for low-cost UAV LiDAR point cloud quality improvement
摘要： Accurate registration of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds and images is a prerequisite for integrating the spectral and geometrical information collected by low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. Most registration approaches take the directly georeferenced LiDAR point cloud as a rigid body, based on the assumption that the high-precision positioning and orientation system (POS) in the LiDAR system provides sufficient precision, and that the POS errors are negligible. However, due to the large errors of the low-precision POSs commonly used in the low-cost UAV LiDAR systems (ULSs), dramatic deformation may exist in the directly georeferenced ULS point cloud, resulting in non-rigid transformation between the images and the deformed ULS point cloud. As a result, registration may fail when using a rigid transformation between the images and the directly georeferenced LiDAR point clouds. To address this problem, we proposed NRLI-UAV, which is a non-rigid registration method for registration of sequential raw laser scans and images collected by low-cost UAV systems. NRLI-UAV is a two-step registration method that exploits trajectory correction and discrepancy minimization between the depths derived from structure from motion (SfM) and the raw laser scans to achieve LiDAR point cloud quality improvement. Firstly, the coarse registration procedure utilizes global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU)-aided SfM to obtain accurate image orientation and corrects the errors of the low-precision POS. Secondly, the fine registration procedure transforms the original 2D-3D registration to 3D-3D registration. This is performed by setting the oriented images as the reference, and iteratively minimizing the discrepancy between the depth maps derived from SfM and the raw laser scans, resulting in accurate registration between the images and the LiDAR point clouds. In addition, an improved LiDAR point cloud is generated in the mapping frame. Experiments were conducted with data collected by a low-cost UAV system in three challenging scenes to evaluate NRLI-UAV. The final registration errors of the images and the LiDAR point cloud are less than one pixel in image space and less than 0.13 m in object space. The LiDAR point cloud quality was also evaluated by plane fitting, and the results show that the LiDAR point cloud quality is improved by 8.8 times from 0.45 m (root-mean-square error [RMSE] of plane fitting) to 0.05 m (RMSE of plane fitting) using NRLI-UAV, demonstrating a high level of automation, robustness, and accuracy.
关键词： Low-cost,Light detection and ranging (LiDAR),Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),Image sequence,Non-rigid registration
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Feasibility of Photovoltaic Solar System for Rural Electrification
摘要： Growth of our nation will totally depend upon rural development. Rural development is the main concern of growth of farmers. Farmers total growth depends upon their basic root cause of traditional farming to mould into advanced farming. Rural development of farmers through awareness of advantages of economical, clean, environment friendly, pollution free, of available renewable energy sources PV based rural electrification system for advanced farming. Rural electrification is an integral component of poverty alleviation and nation growth. Government of India has a target of solar rural electrification for irrigation through solar pumps, solar tractors, solar advanced farming equipments. Here, this research is helpful for finding out difficulties in rural electrification, awareness of policies, fundings, loan facilities, subsidies and training for the farmers. Also this research indentifies what Steps are to be initiated with Rural Electric corporation, power sector reforms and State Electricity boards. Also this research provides the features of rural electrification in India and the photovoltaic solar farming, solar home systems for rural electrification.
关键词： Reliability,Cost effective,Multi objective optimization,Quality of service,PV,Solar pumps,Wind,Irrigation system,Rural development,Rural Electrification,Renewable energy system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Scenarios and Economic Analysis of Fronthaul in 5G Optical Networks
摘要： This work presents a techno-economical comparison between different emerging architectural approaches for 5G networks: C-RAN, centralized, where a BBU hotel collects several streams, able to meet challenging requirements imposed by emerging 5G technology and DA-RAN, considered as an evolution of C-RAN, where resources are disaggregated in order to satisfy the requirements of different applications. Main results, obtained by an analytical evaluation of the cost of a metropolitan area network, show that disaggregating the hardware and software radio access network brings architectural and functional advantages, able to better meet the bandwidth and latency requirements imposed by the 5G verticals. Once analyzed the validness of the solution, we provide a cost analysis that firstly demonstrates that DA-RAN also brings economic advantages w.r.t. C-RAN. Furthermore, observing that the predominant share of the cost of the solution is given by the fiber of the local loop, we evaluate the introduction of TWDM PON in this area in order to share the fiber and reduce the cost of the network.
关键词： TWDM PON,radio access network architecture,Optical fibers,5G mobile communication,Cost benefit analysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Techno-economic study of off-grid hybrid photovoltaic/battery and photovoltaic/battery/fuel cell power systems in Kunming, China
摘要： The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/battery and PV/battery/fuel cell (FC) power systems for a community center comprising 100 households in Kunming by using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software. HOMER is used to define the optimum sizing and techno-economic feasibility of the system equipment based on the geographical and meteorological data of the study region. In this study, different hybrid power systems are analyzed to select the optimum energy system while considering total net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (COE). The results showed that the optimal hybrid PV/battery system comprised 500 kW PV modules, 1200 7.6-kWh battery units, and 500 kW power converters. The proposed system has an initial cost of $6,670,000, an annual operating cost of $82,763/yr, a total NPC of $7,727,992, and a levelized COE of $1.536/kWh. While the PV/battery/FC power system is possible, the cost increases were due to the investment cost of the FC system. The optimal PV/battery/FC system has an initial cost of $6,763,000, an annual operating cost of $82,312/yr, a total NPC of $7,815,223, and a levelized COE of $1.553/kWh.
关键词： electrolyzer,levelized cost of energy,hydrogen,Hybrid power system,total net present cost,fuel cell,solar energy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fiberoptic versus Digital: A Comparison of Durability and Cost Effectiveness of the Two Flexible Ureteroscopes
摘要： Aims: We aimed to evaluate the durability and cost effectiveness of the latest digital flexible ureterescope by comparing it with the conventional fiberoptic one. Materials and Methods: Data of patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery between January 2013 and December 2014 were collected. Fiberoptic Flex-X2 or digital Cobra vision flexible ureteroscopes were used for the procedures. The comparison of both ureteroscopes was performed in terms of patient and stone characteristics, operative outcomes, durability, and cost effectiveness. Results: A total of 105 patients were evaluated for the study. The patient and stone characteristics and operative outcomes were similar between the groups. Overall, 54 and 51 procedures were performed using Flex-X2 and Cobra vision, respectively, before they were sent for renovation. The purchase prices were USD 29,500 for Flex-X2 and USD 58,000 for Cobra vision. Costs of per case were determined as USD 549.29 for Flex-X2 and as USD 1,137.25 for Cobra vision. Per minute working time costs were USD 772.04 and 1,471.33 for Flex-X2 and Cobra vision respectively. Conclusions: The digital Cobra vision has high costs without any difference in durability as compared to Flex-X2. Moreover, it has no benefit over Flex-X2 in terms of surgical outcomes.
关键词： Cost-benefit analysis,Ureteroscopy,Ureteroscopes
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med) - Split, Croatia (2018.9.10-2018.9.13)] 2018 EMF-Med 1st World Conference on Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF-Med) - Modeling of Joule heating in tissues induced by high- and low-voltage pulse combinations for gene electrotransfer
摘要： Gene electrotransfer is a promising technique for safe and efficient gene therapy. It relies on locally delivered electric pulses to transfer previously injected foreign DNA into the cell. Applied pulses tissue (electroporation) and concomitant heat generation due to Joule effect. In our study we used finite element method to calculate electric field and temperature distribution during typical electrotransfer pulsing protocol (i.e. combination of 100 microsecond high-voltage pulse and 400 millisecond low-voltage pulse with pulse lag time of 1 second) in isotropic tissue (e.g. liver) and anisotropic tissue (e.g. skeletal muscle). For parallel plate electrodes results show negligible temperature rise in tissue bulk due to high voltage pulse and up to a few °C rise due to the low-voltage 400 ms-long pulse, depending on tissue conductivity.
关键词： COST EMF-MED,gene therapy,Joule heating,FEM,electric field,electroporation,gene electrotransfer
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Location Ambiguity Resolution and Tracking Method of Human Targets in Wireless Infrared Sensor Network
摘要： Human tracking has attracted extensive attention by using low-cost pyroelectric infrared sensor network in recent years. This paper presents a location ambiguity resolution and tracking method for human targets in wireless, distributed and binary infrared sensor network. The tracking system can detect the human targets in the detection space, and activate the sensor detection lines dynamically. A bearing-crossing location method is designed. The intersections of all activated detection lines are called primary measurement points for human location, and some of them are false measurement points. The ambiguity of this bearing-crossing location method is discussed and a two-level bearing-crossing algorithm is proposed based on quartic K-means clustering and joint cost function. For the first level, an anti-logic algorithm is designed to get the initial effective measurement points, then these points are assigned to different targets using K-means clustering. For the second level, the final effective points are obtained by using a special joint cost function, and they are assigned to different targets using K-means clustering once again to get the final locating results. The cost value is used as a weight to adjust the covariance parameter in Kalman filter for target tracking as well. The experimental results show that the average tracking error of human targets is less than 0.8 m in a 10 m×10 m space, which verify the proposed location ambiguity resolution and tracking method.
关键词： Wireless Infrared sensor network,Cost function,Multiple human tracking,Binary pyroelectric infrared sensor network,Location ambiguity,Bearing-crossing location,Quadratic K-means clustering
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A comprehensive assessment of alternative absorber-exchanger designs for hybrid PVT-water collectors
摘要： In this paper, 26 alternative absorber-exchanger designs for hybrid PV-Thermal (PVT) solar collectors are proposed and compared against a reference-case, commercial sheet-and-tube PVT collector. The collectors involve different geometric design features based on the conventional sheet-and-tube configuration, and also on a newer flat-box structure constructed from alternative polymeric materials with the aim of maintaining or even improving heat transfer and overall (thermal and electrical) performance while achieving reductions in the overall weight and cost of the collectors. The main contributions of this research include: (i) the development and validation of a detailed 3-D computational finite-element model of the proposed PVT collector designs involving multi-physics processes (heat transfer, fluid dynamics and solid mechanics); (ii) results from comparative techno-economic analyses of the proposed PVT designs; and, (iii) further insights from thermal stress and structural deformation analyses of the proposed collectors, which are crucial for ensuring long lifetimes and especially important in the case of polymeric collectors. The results show that, in general, the flat-box designs (characterised by a thin absorber plate) are not sensitive to the flow-channel size or construction material, at least within the range of investigation. A PVT collector featuring a polycarbonate (PC) flat-box design with 3 × 2 mm rectangular channels appears to be a particularly promising alternative to commercial PVT collectors, achieving a slightly improved thermal performance compared to the reference case (with a 4% higher optical efficiency and 15% lower linear heat-loss coefficient), while also lowering the weight (by around 9%) and investment cost (by about 21%) of the collector. The structural analysis shows that the maximum von Mises stress experienced in the absorber-exchanger of the PC flat-box collector is considerably lower than that in the copper sheet-and-tube collector (< 13% vs. 64% of the material’s yield stress), which is attributed to the larger thermal expansion of the PC absorber-exchanger, that leads to lower stresses. Therefore, the proposed PC flat-box design is not expected to suffer higher strains than the commercially-available PVT collector.
关键词： Cost savings,Hybrid PVT collector,Solar energy,Efficiency,Absorber-exchanger,Structural analysis
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Economic and environmental potential for solar assisted central heating plants in the EU residential sector: Contribution to the 2030 climate and energy EU agenda
摘要： Aligning with the ambitious EU 2030 climate and energy package for cutting the greenhouse emissions and replacing conventional heat sources through the presence of renewable energy share inside efficient district heating fields, central solar heating plants coupled with seasonal storage (CSHPSS) can have a viable contribution to this goal. However, the technical performance variation combined with inadequate financial assessment and insufficient environmental impact data associated with the deployment of those innovative district heating systems represents a big challenge for the broad implementation of CSHPSS in Europe. In this context, our paper presents a comprehensive evaluation for the possibility of integrating CSHPSS in the residential sector in various EU member states through the formulation of a multi-objective optimization framework. This framework comprises the life cycle cost analysis for the economic evaluation and the life cycle assessment for the environmental impact estimation simultaneously. The technical performance is also considered by satisfying both the space heating demand and the domestic hot water services. The methodological framework is applied to a residential neighborhood community of 1120 apartments in various EU climate zones with Madrid, Athens, Berlin, and Helsinki acting as a proxy for the Mediterranean continental, Mediterranean, central European, and Nordic climates, respectively. The optimization results regarding the energy performance show that the CSHPSS can achieve a renewable energy fraction above 90% for the investigated climate zones. At the same time, the environmental assessment shows significant improvement when using the CSHPSS in comparison to a natural gas heating system, in those cases the environmental impact is reduced up to 82.1–86.5%. On the other hand, substantial economic improvement is limited, especially in the Mediterranean climate zone (Athens) due to low heating demands and the prices of the non-renewable resources. There the total economic cost of the CSHPSS plants can increase up to 50.8% compared to a natural gas heating system. However, considering the incremental tendency in natural gas prices all over EU nowadays, the study of future plant costs confirms its favorable long-term economic feasibility.
关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA),2030 climate and energy EU targets,Multi-objective optimization,Life cycle cost (LCC),Central solar heating plant with seasonal storage,Solar community
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36