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- 2019
- charge – discharge energy efficiency
- Lithium-ion battery
- degradation diagnosis
- photovoltaic surplus energy
- working electric vehicle
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Ritsumeikan University
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Controllable tuning of Fabrya??Perot cavities <i>via</i> laser printing
摘要： The Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity is one of the basic optical components that has been widely applied in interferometry, spectroscopy, lasers and optoelectronic devices. Currently, tailorable FP cavities are highly desirable for fast and in situ modulation, which is crucial for optoelectronic devices and their integration. Here a simple tuning strategy of FP cavity mode is developed based on the plasmon-assisted laser printing technique. The laser irradiation induces photochemical and/or photothermal degradation of the polymer medium in the cavity, which is highly dependent on the film thickness and laser power. Thus, the FP cavity mode can be precisely and continuously tuned with irradiation time, which is then monitored using reflection spectra. Such a laser printing strategy is facile and general, which is capable of generating different structural colours.
关键词： laser printing,structural colours,plasmon-assisted,photochemical degradation,photothermal degradation,Fabry–Perot cavity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The Influence of the EVA Film Aging on the Degradation Behavior of PV Modules Under High Voltage Bias in Wet Conditions Followed by Electroluminescence
摘要： The influence of the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film quality on potential induced degradation was studied on in-house developed mini modules with p-type monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The modules were assembled with EVA films of equivalent qualities, but different ages and exposed to an accelerated test (relative humidity = 85%, T = 60 °C, Vbias = +1000 V). The age of the EVA film was determined from the time we received the EVA film, and opened the sealed enclosure and the time of lamination. After the EVA film was removed from the sealed enclosure, it was kept in a dark place at room temperature. The storage times of the “fresh,” “aged,” and “expired” films were: less than 14 d, around 5 mo, and more than 5 years, respectively. While modules with a “fresh” EVA film exhibit almost no degradation, the modules with the “aged” EVA film degrade very rapidly and severely. Their degradation rate was around 0.2%/d during the 2000 h of damp heat test. We also observed a strong silver line corrosion, which occurs because of the peroxide leftovers in the “aged” EVA films.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) modules,high voltage stress,EVA film,Degradation,potential induced degradation (PID),leakage current
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Lifetime Performance Analysis of LED Luminaires Under Real-Operation Profiles
摘要： Light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting is the most dominant lighting solution in the current era since it is energy-efficient and long-lasting. Hence, performance analysis of the LEDs throughout its lifetime is of prime importance. The work presented in this article provides insight on degradation analysis of the LED luminaire inclusive of the LED driver in real operating ambient conditions and investigates the performance of both LED light engine and LED driver throughout the period of its lifetime. To represent the practical scenario of LED lighting system usage in commercial applications, analysis of switching cycles on the performance of LED luminaires is also studied. The outcome of this article suggests that LED luminaire under study tends to fail due to lumen degradation, followed by color shift represented by Duv and then lastly by driver failure. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis suggests the corrosion of Ag mirror resulting in lumen output reduction and, thus, is the main reason for the failure of LED luminaire. This provides an insight into the LED manufacturing companies to have better estimate on lifetime of LED luminaires and also the necessity to improve the LEDs’ performance such that luminaires will have longer lifetime as claimed.
关键词： Life estimation,operating cycles,light-emitting diode (LED) luminaire,lumen degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC) - Chongqing, China (2019.10.11-2019.10.13)] 2019 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC) - Efficient Offline Programming Method for Remote Laser Assisted Drilling
摘要： A better understanding of the degradation modes and rates for photovoltaic (PV) modules is necessary to optimize and extend the lifetime of these modules. Lifetime and degradation science (L&DS) is used to understand degradation modes, mechanisms and rates of materials, components and systems to predict lifetime of PV modules. A PV module lifetime and degradation science (PVM L&DS) model is an essential component to predict lifetime and mitigate degradation of PV modules using reproducible open data science. Previously published accelerated testing data from Underwriter Laboratories on PV modules with fluorinated polyester backsheets, which included eight modules that were exposed up to 4000 hrs of damp heat (85% relative humidity at 85 ?C) and eight exposed up to 4000 hrs of ultraviolet light (80 W/m2 of 280–400 nm wavelengths at 60 ?C) (UV preconditioning) were used to determine statistically significant relationships between the applied stresses and measured responses. There were 15 different variables tracking aspects of system performance, degradation mechanisms, component metrics and time. Modules were analyzed for three system performance metrics (fill factor, peak power, and wet insulation). The results were statistically analyzed to identify variable transformations, statistically significant relationships (SSRs) and to develop the PVM L&DS model informed by a generalization of structural equation modeling techniques. The SSRs and significant model coefficients, combined with domain analytics, incorporating materials science, chemistry, and physics expertise, produced a pathway diagram ranking the variables’ impact on the system performance, which were iteratively examined using sound statistical analysis and diagnostics. The SSRs determined from the damp heat exposure for the system response of Pmax corresponded to the degradation pathway of polyester terephthalate (PET) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) hydrolysis. A linear change point for the damp heat exposure with the system response of Pmax was determined to be 1890 hrs. The UV preconditioning exposure did not induce sufficient degradation shown by the quality of the R2 values for many of the best fitting models. This exemplifies the development of a methodology to determine rank ordered lifetime and degradation pathways present in modules and their effects on module performance over lifetime.
关键词： structural equation modeling,statistical analytics,Photovoltaics,lifetime and degradation science
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Controlled synthesis of CuO decorated defect enriched ZnO nanoflakes for improved sunlight-induced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
摘要： We report synthesis and application of a unique heterojunction nanocomposite formed between copper nanoparticles (CNPs) and defect rich ZnO nanoflakes for application towards water remediation. Systemic variation in CNPs functionalization was seen to modulate the optical, structural and photocatalytic properties of the heterojunction, which were found to be well in accordance with the results from TEM, UV-DRS and EPR. The remediation ability of the heterojunction measured in terms of its photocatalytic ability was studied by degrading three different organic dye pollutants Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Methylene Blue (MB) and Methyl Orange (MO) using solar light (850 W/cm2) as the renewable excitation source. CNPs loading density was seen to follow a direct linear relationship to optical absorbance and band gap narrowing. The initial increase in photolytic efficiency is associated with improved visible light response and reduced band gap due to attachment of CNPs while reduction in activity was found to be associated with generation of self-recombination centres in CuO functionalization. Optimized CNP modified ZnO nanoflakes was able to decompose 10 μM of R6G, MB and MO dye solutions in 80, 40 and 60 min respectively.
关键词： Semiconductor,CuO,Photocatalysis,ZnO,Dye degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Reproducing the a??Framinga?? by a Sequential Stress Test
摘要： The “Framing” (local discoloration along cell edges) was induced by a simple sequential accelerated stress test (consisting of hygrothermal- and UV-stressors) applied to the PV modules with high OTR (oxygen transmission rate) backsheet, irrespective of the inclusion of UV-absorber in poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) encapsulant. UV-fluorescence imaging of the PV modules suggests that the spatially-inhomogeneous degradation of EVA material under UV-irradiating conditions is correlated to this “Framing” indicating an underlying common mechanism. These findings would contribute to the development of test procedures to broadly mimic the actual failures observed in fielded PV.
关键词： snail trail,metallization,framing,photovoltaic (PV) module,ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Activation Energy for Solder Bond Degradation: Thermal Cycling of Field-aged Modules at Multiple Upper Temperatures
摘要： The reliability of solder joints in the solar cell metallization-interconnect system influences the lifetime of photovoltaic modules. Two field-aged modules—one with Sn62Pb36Ag2 solder at the solder joints (Solarex MSX 60), and the other with the standard Sn60Pb40 solder (Siemens M55)—were subjected to a modified thermal cycling (TC) test of IEC 61215. Three sections in each module were maintained at 85℃, 95℃, and 105℃ during the 15-minute high temperature dwell time. Current equivalent to the module short-circuit current was injected through the module when the chamber temperature was above 25℃ to simulate regular field operation. This novel approach aims to induce thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) at the solder joints and intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the metal/solder interfaces. The activation energy (Ea) for solder bond degradation was calculated based on the series resistance (Rs) increase in TC testing rather than power drop to avoid the effect of confounding variables. Module-level Rs increase in MSX 60 module after TC800 cycles and in M55 module after TC400 cycles was 1.22% and 183.7%, respectively. The Ea determined for the module with 2wt% Ag is 0.24 eV and for that with the standard solder is 0.27 eV. The solder bond degradation seems to have been driven by TMF rather than IMC formation for both modules.
关键词： series resistance,PV module,solder bond degradation,thermal cycling,field-aged,activation energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Thermally Stable, Efficient, Vapor Deposited Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： We report on thermally stable inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells deposited using a vapor deposition technique with no loss in device performance at 200 °C for 72 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms no compositional degradation of the perovskite layer up to 200 °C anneals. We use a layer-by-layer vapor deposition technique with thin layers (several nm) of PbI2 and CsBr precursors to fabricate inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells with a photoconversion efficiency of 11.8%. We study the effect of several key parameters of the perovskite fabrication process that control the intermixing of the perovskite layer and their effect on device efficiency and hysteresis. The thermal stability of the perovskite material and its energy band gap of 1.87eV makes it appropriate for use in tandem junction cells for use in real-life environments with high solar illuminance where the ambient temperatures exceed 55 °C in the summer, and silicon cell module temperatures approach 86 °C.
关键词： Thermal Stability,inorganic perovskite solar cells,vacuum deposition,mixed halide perovskites,layer-by-layer deposition,thermal degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Suppressed Interdiffusion and Degradation in Flexible and Transparent Metal Electrode-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Graphene Interlayer
摘要： Metal-based transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are attractive candidates for application in indium tin oxide (ITO)-free solar cells due to their excellent electrical conductivity and cost effectiveness. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), metal-induced degradation with the perovskite layer leads to various detrimental effects, deteriorating the device performance and stability. Here, we introduce a novel flexible hybrid TCE consisting of a Cu grid-embedded polyimide film and a graphene capping layer, named GCEP, which exhibits excellent mechanical and chemical stability as well as desirable optoelectrical properties. We demonstrated the critical role of graphene as a protection layer to prevent metal-induced degradation and halide diffusion between the electrode and perovskite layer; the performance of the flexible PSCs fabricated with GCEP was comparable to that of their rigid ITO-based counterparts and also exhibited outstanding mechanical and chemical stability. This work provides an effective strategy to design mechanically and chemically robust ITO-free metal-assisted TCE platforms in PSCs.
关键词： metal-induced degradation,perovskite solar cell,Flexibility,graphene,transparent conductive electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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New Unsymmetrical Bisacridine Derivatives Noncovalently Attached to Quaternary Quantum Dots Improve Cancer Therapy by Enhancing Cytotoxicity toward Cancer Cells and Protecting Normal Cells
摘要： The use of nanoparticles for the controlled drug delivery to cells has emerged as a good alternative to traditional systemic delivery. Quantum dots (QDs) offer potentially invaluable societal benefits such as drug targeting and in vivo biomedical imaging. In contrast, QDs may also pose risks to human health and the environment under certain conditions. Here, we demonstrated that a unique combination of nanocrystals core components (Ag-In-Zn-S) would eliminate the toxicity problem and increase their biomedical applications. The alloyed quaternary nanocrystals Ag-In-Zn-S (QDgreen, Ag1.0In1.2Zn5.6S9.4; QDred, Ag1.0In1.0Zn1.0S3.5) were used to transport new unsymmetrical bisacridine derivatives (UAs, C-2028 and C-2045) into lung H460 and colon HCT116 cancer cells for improving the cytotoxic and antitumor action of these compounds. UAs were coupled with QD through physical adsorption. The obtained results clearly indicate that the synthesized nanoconjugates exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than unbound compounds, especially toward lung H460 cancer cells. Importantly, unsymmetrical bisacridines noncovalently attached to QD strongly protect normal cells from the drug action. It is worth pointing out that QDgreen or QDred without UAs did not influence the growth of cancer and normal cells, which is consistent with in vivo results. In noncellular systems, at pH 5.5 and 4.0, which relates to the conditions of endosomes and lysosomes, the UAs were released from QD-UAs nanoconjugates. An increase of total lysosomes content was observed in H460 cells treated with QDs-UAs which can affect the release of the UAs from the conjugates. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses revealed that QD-UAs nanoconjugates enter H460 cells more efficiently than to HCT116 and normal cells, which may be the reason for their higher cytotoxicity against lung cancer. Summarizing, the noncovalent attachment of UAs to QDs increases the therapeutic efficiency of UAs by improving cytotoxicity toward lung H460 cancer cells and having protecting effects on normal cells.
关键词： lung and colon cancer cells,unsymmetrical bisacridine derivatives,drug-carrier degradation pathway,pH-dependent release,cellular uptake,in vivo antitumor efficacy,Ag-In-Zn-S nanocrystals,cytotoxic activity
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01