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- 2019
- charge – discharge energy efficiency
- Lithium-ion battery
- degradation diagnosis
- photovoltaic surplus energy
- working electric vehicle
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Ritsumeikan University
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Impact of the implementation of a mesoscopic TiO2 film from a low-temperature method on the performance and degradation of hybrid perovskite solar cells
摘要： High efficiencies of over 20% have been reported in the literature for both planar and mesoscopic hybrid perovskite solar cells, and the preferred configuration for scale-up and commercialization is still a matter of debate. The mesoscopic configuration generally requires a high-temperature processing step, which limits applications and makes the process less cost-effective. We have used low-temperature (LT) processing (≤120 °C) to fabricate high-efficiency planar and mesoscopic TiO2-based hybrid perovskite solar cells with comparable performance, highlighted by a champion LT mesoscopic solar cell with 16.2% efficiency. Photovoltaic efficiencies of 14–16% have been achieved for a mesoporous film thickness ranging from 120 to 480 nm by fine-tuning the precursor solution chemistry. The presence of the LT mesoporous layer improves the preservation of performance under conditions of relative humidity of 60%, especially under illumination. Impedance spectroscopy illustrates a similarity of the locus and kinetics of the recombination processes for both configurations. However, inductive loops usually related to ion migration are observed showing different characteristics between both configurations, pointing to the previously suggested correlation between ion migration and degradation. These results suggest that the beneficial role of a mesoporous TiO2 layer might be the stabilization of harmful defects at the perovskite/electron extraction layer interface, and indicate that interface engineering is critical to achieving improved long-term performance.
关键词： Low temperature TiO2,Perovskite solar cells,Impedance spectroscopy,Interfacial degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Towards non-destructive individual cell I-V characteristic curve extraction from photovoltaic module measurements
摘要： In this work, a non-destructive, automated procedure to extract the I-V characteristics of individual cells of fully encapsulated photovoltaic (PV) modules is proposed. The approach is able to correctly identify and extract the electrical parameters of underperforming cells, due for example to defects or degradation. The approach uses multiple I-V measurements on the PV module assuming specific levels of shading on the individual cells. The single circuit models for the cells are obtained through the solution of an inverse fitting problem. The approach was validated in a simulated environment through statistical analysis, with the cell parameters based on real silicon PV devices. The computational complexity of the approach is also investigated and validation examples with different configurations of PV modules, including bypass diodes are presented. The approach was validated on several tests to assess noise robustness, flexibility in terms of cells non-uniformities and scalability towards larger systems, resulting in a lean and accurate procedure for I-V curves extraction. The proposed methodology can be potentially utilised for automated quality assurance and fault assessment of PV modules, investigation of degradation mechanisms of cells in PV modules, or quantitative validation of other optical imaging techniques such as luminescence imaging and infrared thermography.
关键词： Automated procedure,I-V characteristics,Bypass diodes,Non-destructive testing,Degradation,Photovoltaic modules
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Two-step Degradation of a-InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors under DC Bias Stress
摘要： A unified explanation is proposed to consistently explain the two-step degradation of amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under DC positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) stress without or with different drain stress voltages (Vds). For PBTI stress without stress Vds, this initial negative Vth shift is believed to be induced by donor-like defect states corresponding to H2O molecule and intrinsic defects, while for PBTI stress with stress Vds, the negative shift is believed to be induced by donor-like defect states corresponding to oxygen vacancies. The gate-bias-induced electron trapping mechanism is responsible for positive Vth shift. These transitions from negative to positive Vth shift are resulted from the competition between the donor-like states creation and electron trapping.
关键词： PBTI,donor-like states creation,two–step degradation,electron trapping,IGZO TFTs,H2O molecule
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Citrus limetta Organic Waste Recycled Carbon Nanolights: Photo-electro catalytic, Sensing and Biomedical Applications
摘要： The present work reports green route-waste recycled carbon nanolights i.e. carbon dots (GCDs) synthesized via a facile one-step pyrolysis method from Citrus limetta waste pulp. The size of these obtained pristine GCDs is ~4-7 nm (HR-TEM), with high optical and structural quality as revealed by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic analysis. They exhibit the highest quantum yield of 63.3 % over other similar green synthesized GCDs, favourable for many applications. Further, we demonstrate the multifunctional aspects of these synthesized GCDs for photo-electrochemical water splitting, photocatalytic methylene blue degradation, Fe(III) ions sensing, bactericidal activity (against E. coli and S. aureus), and bioimaging with excellent performance. The visible light active characteristic of GCDs is observed to achieve an efficient current density of ~6 mA/cm2 towards water splitting. This study demonstrates the waste to wealth potential of recycled waste derived GCDs in wide range of application domains.
关键词： GCDs,Biomedical,Green Synthesis,Waste Recycle,Dye Degradation,Water Splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of weathering on the performance of self-cleaning photocatalytic paints
摘要： The use of photocatalytic products for the surface coating of buildings is spreading more and more, because of the reduction of atmospheric pollutants and the colour maintenance of the paints over time with reduction of the maintenance costs and the improvement of the aesthetic appearance. The study reports the evaluation of the effects of the atmospheric conditions on three commercial photocatalytic paints containing TiO2. In particular tests were carried out by using samples subjected to accelerated aging inside a climate chamber and naturally aged by exposure for two years to the external environment of the city of Palermo (representative of a coastal environment of the Mediterranean basin). The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy to evaluate the surface morphology, and by UV–Vis Spectrophotometry to appreciate the colours changes as a result of aging. X-ray diffraction (XRD), moreover, was used to identify the TiO2 phase and static contact angles were determined to evaluate the surface hydrophilicity. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated under UV and solar light irradiation by degrading 2-propanol, used as a probe molecule and analysed by gas chromatography (GC), which is representative of volatile organic compounds (VOC's). The results indicated colour conservation, increase of the surface hydrophilicity and maintenance of the photocatalytic performances.
关键词： Static contact angle,Titanium dioxide,Photocatalytic paints,VOC'S degradation,Weathering effects
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Effects of water matrix components on degradation efficiency and pathways of antibiotic metronidazole by UV/TiO2 photocatalysis
摘要： In this study, the effects of water matrix components such as anions (Cl-, SO4 2-, NO3 -, HCO3 -, and H2PO4 -); cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+); natural organic matter (humic acid); and pharmaceutical excipient (glucose) on the photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole (MNZ) by UV/TiO2 were investigated. Degradation of MNZ noticeably decreased in the presence of H2PO4 -, Fe3+, and humic acid (HA). However, the addition of glucose tripled the rate of MNZ degradation. The transformation products formed during photocatalysis were detected and identified using Waters UPLC-QTof/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) instruments. The enhanced degradation of MNZ in the presence of glucose was due to the side reactions of MNZ and its intermediates with other organics released when glucose was degraded. HA could activate charge transfer steps, resulting in different photodegradation products. Iron(III) ions competed with MNZ under light adsorption and reacted with organic intermediates, which hindered MNZ degradation. The presence of H2PO4 - ions seemed to have no effect on the degradation pathways of MNZ but only slowed down the removal of MNZ and its intermediates by interacting with TiO2. These results indicate that the presence of water matrix components significantly changed the degradation pathways and hence affected the degradation efficiency.
关键词： Photocatalysis,Metronidazole,Titanium dioxide,Water matrix components,Degradation pathways
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis, Characterization of SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 Nano-Composites for the Photo-Degradation of Acid Brown- 43 dye with Irradiation of Solar Light
摘要： In this study we have found that photo degradation of Acid brown- 43 dye with irradiation Solar light Using synthesized SiO2/ TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 Nano-composites which prepared by chemical precipitation technique using microwave irradiation. The structure and morphology of SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3) Nano composites were characterized by SEM, EDAX & TEM analysis. The similarities in photo degradation mechanism, SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 have as good as band gap energy, and possess worthy standing as photo-catalysts. SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 nanoparticles have large surface area and thus provide a large number of active sites for interaction among the particles of different oxides. This synthesized Nano-composites of SiO2/TiO2 and SiO2/Al2O3 photo-catalyst sample showed tremendous photo-catalytic activity for the degradation of Acid Blue-43 under direct exposure to solar irradiation with respect to exposed time and dose of Nano-composites.
关键词： Acid brown–43,Photo-degradation,solar irradiation,Nano-composite
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enhancement for Potential-Induced Degradation Resistance of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells via Anti-Reflection Coating by Industrial PECVD Methods
摘要： The issue of potential-induced degradation (PID) has gained more concerns due to causing the catastrophic failures in photovoltaic (PV) modules. One of the approaches to diminish PID is to modify the anti-re?ection coating (ARC) layer upon the front surface of crystalline silicon solar cells. Here, we focus on the modi?cation of ARC ?lms to realize PID-free step-by-step through three delicate experiments. Firstly, the ARC ?lms deposited by direct plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and by indirect PECVD were investigated. The results showed that the ef?ciency degradation of solar cells by indirect PECVD method is up to ?33.82%, which is out of the IEC 62804 standard and is signi?cantly more severe than by the direct PECVD method (?0.82%). Next, the performance of PID-resist for the solar cell via indirect PECVD was improved signi?cantly (PID reduced from ?31.82% to ?2.79%) by a pre-oxidation step, which not only meets the standard but also has higher throughput than direct PECVD. Lastly, we applied a novel PECVD technology, called the pulsed-plasma (PP) PECVD method, to deal with the PID issue. The results of the HF-etching rate test and FTIR measurement indicated the ?lms deposited by PP PECVD have higher potential against PID in consideration of less oxygen content in this ?lm. That demonstrated the ?lm properties were changed by applied a new control of freedom, i.e., PP method. In addition, the 96 h PID result of the integrated PP method was only ?2.07%, which was comparable to that of the integrated traditional CP method. In summary, we proposed three effective or potential approaches to eliminate the PID issue, and all approaches satis?ed the IEC 62804 standard of less than 5% power loss in PV modules.
关键词： solar cell,potential-induced degradation,anti-re?ection coating,plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Monitoring of Sheep Migration in Arid Region of Rajasthan, India Using EO Data
摘要： The annual aggregate spatially normal rainfall is extremely variable and most erratic in the western arid region of Rajasthan state. As a result, it frequently experiences spells of drought. Surface water resources are also meagre and distributed unevenly. Drought is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and its direct impacts include like withering of crops, drying of watering points, reduction in fodder for livestock, etc. Such crisis eventually compels Rebari pastoralists to migrate to other places and regions as a coping mechanism against the scarcity of fodder and water in the arid zone of Rajasthan. The scarcity of fodder at any time is a function of stocking rate and carrying capacity of the system at that time, which is affected mainly by the amount of precipitation and livestock population. This has been covered through analysing migration routes and determinants by using the data collected from the ATS plus GPS Collars. It has been found that biomass density changed following grazing across gradients and ground cover. Also, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was 5-10% lower inside the grazing area than outside the grazing area.
关键词： Grazing lands,NDVI,Land degradation,ATS plus global positioning system (GPS) collars,Migration,Small ruminants
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Towards high throughput assessment of canopy dynamics: The estimation of leaf area structure in Amazonian forests with multitemporal multi-sensor airborne lidar
摘要： Leaf area dynamics offer information about changes in forest biomass and canopy function critical to understanding the role of forests in the climate system and carbon cycle. Airborne small footprint lidar is a potential major source for the detection of variation in leaf area density (LAD), LAD vertical profiles, and total leaf area (leaf area index, LAI), from sites to regional scales. However, the sensitivities of lidar-based LAD and LAI estimation are not yet well known, particularly in dense forests, over landscape heterogeneity, sensor system, and survey differences, and through time. To address these questions, we compared 16 pairs of multitemporal airborne lidar surveys with four different laser sensors across six Amazon forest sites with resurvey intervals ranging from one to nine years. We tested whether the different laser sensors, and the pulse return density of laser sampling (variable between and within each survey) introduce systematic biases. Laser sensors created consistent biases that accounted for up to 18.20% of LAD differences between surveys, but biases could be corrected with a simple regression approach. Lidar pulse return density had little appreciable bias impact when above 20 returns per m2. After correction, repeated mean and site maximum LAI estimates became significantly correlated (R2 ~0.8), while LAD profiles revealed site differences. Heterogeneity and change in LAD structure were detectable at the ecologically relevant 1/4 ha forest neighborhood grid scale, as evidenced by the high correlation of profile variation between surveys, with the strength of correlation (R2 value) significantly decreasing with increasing survey interval (0.74 to 0.16 from one to nine years), consistent with accumulating effects of forest dynamics. Sensor-induced biases trended towards correlation with lidar footprint (beam width). The LAD estimation and bias correction approach developed in this study provides the standardization critical for heterogeneous lidar networks that offer high throughput functional ecological monitoring of climatically important forests like the Amazon.
关键词： Tropical forest monitoring,Forest dynamics,LAI,Lidar,Forest degradation,Leaf area estimation,Leaf area profiles
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01