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- 2019
- charge – discharge energy efficiency
- Lithium-ion battery
- degradation diagnosis
- photovoltaic surplus energy
- working electric vehicle
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Ritsumeikan University
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Nanoscale Kirkendall effect driven Au Decorated CdS/CdO Colloidal Nanocomposites for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution, Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Cr (VI) Reduction
摘要： The design of a facile and scalable method to synthesize solar light driven photocatalyst to generate H2 from water and degradation of toxic dyes from waste water is highly challenging field of research. Here, we are reporting a one pot synthesis of CdS/CdO colloidal nanocomposite with variable amount of CdS thickness and finally CdS nanoring. Different outward diffusion rate of oxygen and inward diffusion rate of sulphur ions generates hollow CdS/CdO nanocomposite based on nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Au nanoparticles (NPs) have been selectively deposited over CdS. Proper band alignment among CdO, CdS and Au results in a Z-type photocatalyst. Efficient spatial charge separation and large surface area lead to high photocatalytic dye degradation and Cr (VI) reduction in water. The amount of Cd in purified water is lesser than 0.003 ppm which maintains world Health Organization (WHO) guideline. The as developed catalyst is also active for generation of H2 from water in presence of solar light irradiation. Our present work may provide a promising way to fabricate an efficient photocatalyst for dye degradation and solar to fuel energy conversion using semiconductor (CdO)-semiconductor (CdS)-metal (Au) nanocomposite.
关键词： Dye Degradation,Hollow Nanocomposite,Kirkendall Effect,Z-scheme,H2 Production,Cr (VI) Reduction
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Photo-electro-Fenton process applied to the degradation of valsartan: Effect of parameters, identification of degradation routes and mineralization in combination with a biological system
摘要： In this work, the oxidation of the antihypertensive drug valsartan by the Electro-Fenton (EF) and Photo-Electro-Fenton (PEF) processes was studied using a Ti/IrO2 doped with SnO2 as anode, and a carbon felt air diffusion electrode as cathode. Initially, the influence of variables such as supporting electrolyte type, current density, and pH on EF and/or PEF processes was evaluated. The processes were carried out in batch mode, in an open and undivided cell of 200 cm3. The efficiency of the systems was evaluated in terms of the removal of the initial contaminant and rate of mineralization. When NaCl was used as a supporting electrolyte at pH (3.0) and current density 3.46 mA/cm2 adding 3.6x10-5 mol/L of Fe2+, total valsartan (2 ppm) degradation was observed after 45 minutes. After 120 min, even if total removal of valsartan was reached, only 25% of mineralization was obtained. Thus, valsartan degradation tests at near neutral pH in presence of oxalic acid (4.6x10-5 mol/L) lead to comparable results with those obtained at pH 3.0. Primary aromatic intermediates were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) using hybrid quadrupole- time-of-flight (QTOF) MS, from which an initial degradation pathway was proposed. At the end of the PEF system, several aliphatic acids were accumulated and observed, which were effectively removed in a subsequent aerobic biological system. The results demonstrate the feasibility of photo-electro-Fenton and biological coupling process to completely mineralize emerging pharmaceutical pollutants, such as valsartan, at natural pH.
关键词： Emergent Pollutant Degradation,Antihypertensives Elimination,Oxalic Acid,Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Ion Sources - Geneva, Switzerland (15–20 September 2017)] - The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using graphene oxide (GO)/ZnO nanodrums
摘要： The nanocomposites of GO/ZnO nanodrums were successfully synthesized and applied for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. GO was synthesized by Hummer method and ZnO nanodrums was synthesized by hydrothermal method. Characterization of GO and ZnO nanodrums was performed using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red). GO/ZnO nanodrums was mixed of GO and ZnO with various composition. The variation of GO/ZnO nanodrums was 1: 0; 1: 1, and 1: 2 (w/w) in distilled water. This composite was then carried out in photocatalyst degradation process of Methylene Blue. XRD of GO showed that graphene oxide has been formed with good crystallinity. The obtained morphology showed that regular arranged sheets/layer has been formed. The peak of GO showed in UV region and from the FTIR data indicated absorption at 3500 cm-1 which is O-H uptake. In graphene oxide, OH groups act in photocatalytic activity. ZnO nanodrums showed 3 dominant peak in the 2θ= 30-40°. This showed that ZnO had high crystallinity with crystallite size was 43.46 nm. The morphology of ZnO was nanodrums and it had peak UV at 369 nm. The result of the composite GO/ZnO nanodrums was applied in the photocatalytic of methylene blue with several variations. Photodegradation of methylene blue showed the increasing photocatalytic degradation by GO addition. GO/ZnO nanodrums could degrade methylene blue reach 94.05% during 1 hours contact time and under 254 nm of UV radiation.
关键词： ZnO nanodrums,Graphene Oxide,methylene blue,photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Bulk and Surface-Related Degradation in Lifetime Samples Made of Czochralski Silicon Passivated by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited Layer Stacks
摘要： Significant bulk-related degradation (BRD) is followed by surface-related degradation (SRD) of effective excess charge carrier lifetime in lifetime samples made of Czochralski silicon during illuminated treatment at 80–150 °C. Samples are passivated with either AlOx:H/SiOxNy:H/SiNx:H or SiOxNy:H/SiNx:H stacks stemming entirely from plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Samples show strong variations in BRD depending on passivation stacks and treatment conditions, and a potential link to light and elevated temperature-induced degradation (LeTID) is discussed. All samples are fired in a belt furnace, and variations of firing temperature and belt speed are shown to influence SRD slightly. SRD is furthermore accelerated with increasing treatment temperature and an apparent activation energy Eapp = 1.07 ± 0.02 eV is determined in SiOxNy:H/SiNx:H passivated samples. Interpretation of Eapp is, however, difficult as both changes in interfacial defect and fixed charge density occur in parallel during SRD.
关键词： LeTID,surface-related degradation,light-induced degradation,Czochralski,PECVD
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Degradation of dimethyl phthalate using a liquid phase plasma process with TiO2 photocatalysts
摘要： The liquid phase plasma (LPP) method with a TiO2 photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide was used to decompose dimethyl phthalate (DMP). As the applied voltage, pulse width, and frequency were increased, the rate of decomposition was increased and the decomposition rate was 63% for 180 min under plasma optimum conditions. The addition of TiO2 photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide increased the DMP decomposition reaction rate, but an excess cause a decrease in decomposition rate due to a decrease in conductivity, blocking of ultraviolet light, and scavenger effect. When the TiO2 photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide were used together, the decomposition reaction rate of DMP was greatly improved by using LPP single process alone. Also, when all the processes were used at the same time, the decomposition reaction rate was improved to about 2.8 times. DMP undergoes bond cleavage and ultimately decomposes into CO2 and H2O via dimethyl 4-hydroxyphthalate and methyl salicylates due to hydroxyl radicals and various active species generated by the LPP reaction.
关键词： Synergy effect,Hydrogen peroxide,Hydroxyl radicals,Decomposition rate,Degradation reaction pathway
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Photocatalytic activity of Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> prepared using a mist-solution precipitation method
摘要： Ag3PO4 was synthesized using a mist-solution precipitation method. The Ag+ mist generated by ultrasonic piezoelectric disk transferred in a flow of air to react with a solution of Na2HPO4. When the reaction temperature was increased from 30 °C to 85 °C, the particle size and crystallinity of the obtained Ag3PO4 also increased. The Ag3PO4 prepared at 70 °C showed the best degradation rate of 0.117 min-1 under light emitting diode irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied as a function of the photocatalyst loading, the initial MB concentration, the light intensity, and the initial pH. The results of the recycling test showed that the Ag3PO4 prepared at high reaction temperature had relatively better resistance to photocorrosion than the Ag3PO4 prepared at low reaction temperature.
关键词： photocatalytic degradation,mist-solution precipitation,methylene blue,Ag3PO4
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Design and Comparative Studies of Z-Scheme and Type II Based Heterostructures of NaNbO <sub/>3</sub> /CuInS <sub/>2</sub> /In <sub/>2</sub> S <sub/>3</sub> for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Applications
摘要： Here, we report the fabrication of a new Z-scheme based core/shell/shell heterostructure of NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 (core/shell/shell) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and also for degradation of organic pollutants. We have also performed a comparative study with a modified heterostructure of NaNbO3/In2S3/CuInS2 having Type II band alignment. The PEC measurements under visible light irradiation show increased photocatalytic performance for the NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 heterostructures as revealed by a high current density of ～6.72 mA/cm2 at ?1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl and low photocurrent onset potential of ～?110 mV in comparison to the Type II system (～1.63 mA/cm2 and ?180 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Mott?Schottky plots confirmed the n?p?n type heterojunction formation in the NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 heterostructure which reduces the charge carrier recombination (revealed by PL intensity and short lifetime). The Z-scheme based system also exhibits excellent degradation efficiency (～99.6%) of organic pollutants. This work shows that the Z-scheme charge separation mechanism in NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3 nanostructures is more efficient than the Type II based on NaNbO3/In2S3/CuInS2.
关键词： core/shell/shell heterostructure,photoelectrochemical water splitting,Type II band alignment,organic pollutants degradation,Z-scheme,NaNbO3/CuInS2/In2S3
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Study of degradation of Na2Тi3O7-based electrode during cycling
摘要： The degradation of electrodes based on sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7) was studied using the methods of galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is established that during the cycling, there is splitting of sodium titanate intergrown plates and constant growth of solid electrolyte interface on the surface of Na2Ti3O7 particles. These factors account for the degradation of Na2Ti3O7 at cycling.
关键词： Sodium titanate,Sodium-ion battery,Degradation,Cycling
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Inducing defects in 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs by annealing after ion implantation and evaluating their effect on bipolar degradation of the MOSFETs
摘要： Process-induced basal plane dislocations (BPDs) formed by annealing after aluminum ion implantation were investigated, and their effect on the bipolar degradation of body diodes in 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs was evaluated. Contact resistance in the p+ region decreases with ion dose but increases with implantation temperature due to the formation of the recrystallized layer at SiC surface and difference of acceptor activation rates in high and low temperature implantation. In the case of high ion dose implantation at room temperature, contact resistance was of 1.3×10?3 Ωcm2. However, process-induced BPDs formed with high ion dose implantation at room temperature, and could be suppressed with low ion dose or high implantation temperature. They were formed after activation annealing, and expanded to form stacking faults (SFs) under both continuous irradiation from a Hg lamp and current stress. Bipolar degradation occurred in the case of MOSFETs fabricated using high ion dose implantation at room temperature, but was not observed in the case of either low ion dose or high implantation temperature. The activation energy for SF expansion velocity in the ?1–100? direction was estimated to be 0.20 eV at a forward current density of 125 A cm?2. Moreover, the results of a long duration current stress test with high current density and high junction temperature indicate that low ion dose or high implantation temperature can suppress the formation of process-induced BPDs. MOSFETs fabricated using optimized ion implantation conditions show high reliability under bipolar operation.
关键词： MOSFET,bipolar degradation,stacking fault,contact resistance,basal plane dislocation,SiC,ion implantation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Deoxynivalenol Decontamination in Raw and Germinating Barley Treated by Plasma-Activated Water and Intense Pulsed Light
摘要： The contamination of barley kernel by Fusarium fungi constitutes a serious problem for malting-related industries. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi. DON can affect dopaminergic receptors in the human brain; it may cause symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and fever. The aims of this study were to evaluate the DON destruction effect of the intense pulsed light (IPL) and plasma-activated water (PAW) treatments in raw and germinating barley and assess the feasibility for disinfection in the malt industry. Both non-thermal methods degraded DON concentration in germinating barley. IPL treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the DON level of germinating barley samples by 35.5% after 180 pulses in 60 s, and the PAW treatment effectively degraded the DON level by 34.6% in germinating barley in the first 5 min. However, higher barley quality remained for PAW treatment (germination rate: 81–100%) than for the IPL treatment (germination rate: 41–60%). For the raw barley samples, although significant reduction (30.9%) was achieved after 180 pulses of IPL treatment, noticeable quality (germination rate: 20–40%) alteration was observed. Significantly less DON degradation was achieved by the PAW treatment on raw barley than the germinating barley for all times. Overall, these findings suggested that PAW and IPL might potentially be used to reduce DON levels in some malt-related industry applications, and PAW was recommended as a better method than IPL to maintain the barley quality.
关键词： Deoxynivalenol degradation,Non-thermal treatment,Barley kernel,Plasma-activated water,Intense pulsed light
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46