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- 2019
- charge – discharge energy efficiency
- Lithium-ion battery
- degradation diagnosis
- photovoltaic surplus energy
- working electric vehicle
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Ritsumeikan University
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A synergistic heterostructured ZnO/BaTiO3 loaded carbon photoanode in photocatalytic fuel cell for degradation of Reactive Red 120 and electricity generation
摘要： Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is considered as a sustainable green technology which could degrade organic pollutant and generate electricity simultaneously. A synergistic double-sided ZnO/BaTiO3 loaded carbon plate heterojunction photoanode was fabricated in different ratios by using simple ultrasonication and mixed-annealed method. The double-sided design of photoanode allowed the lights irradiated at both sides of the photoanode. The ferroelectricity fabricated photoanode was applied in a membraneless PFC with platinum-loaded carbon as the cathode. Results revealed that the photoanode with 1:1 ratio of BaTiO3 and ZnO exhibited a superior photocatalytic activity among all the photoanodes prepared in this study. The heterojunction of this photoanode was able to achieve up to a removal efficiency of 93.67 % with a maximum power density of 0.5284 μW cm-2 in 10 mg L-1 of Reactive Red 120 (RR120) without any supporting electrolyte. This photoanode was able to maintain at high performance after recycling 3 times. Over loading of ZnO above 50% on BaTiO3 could lead to deterioration of the performance of PFC due to the charge defects and light trapping ability. The interactions, interesting polarizations of the photocatalysts and proposed mechanism of the n-n type heterojunction in the photoanode of ZnO/BaTiO3 was also discussed.
关键词： Photocatalytic fuel cell,Degradation,Reusability,ZnO/BaTiO3 heterojunction,Electricity Generation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Modeling of degradation in normal and inverted OSC devices
摘要： Degradation of organic solar cells (OSC) remains a problem which has prevented its commercial exploitation. While there are several experimental studies pointing towards different reasons behind the atmospheric degradation of these devices, yet a microscopic understanding is lacking. Here, we present a combined experimental and modeling study to understand the degradation in the electrical characteristics of OSC in normal and inverted architectures, further correlated with the interfacial degradation. Our investigations show that degradation of current density – voltage (J-V) characteristics of normal devices is extremely fast i.e. 50% in 9 h as against 21 days for inverted devices. Interestingly, degradation in normal devices is driven primarily by a decrease in short circuit current density (Jsc) without appearance of S-shape in J-V characteristics while degraded inverted devices exhibit S-shaped J-V characteristics. Modeling of J-V data along with time dependent capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis suggests that the degradation in normal OSC devices can be modeled using degradation induced reduced effective area theory supporting the formation of Al2O3 pockets at the cathode-active layer interface which grow exponentially with storage time eventually forming a continuous layer. In contrast, inverted devices degrade much slowly, via deterioration of hole transporting MoO3 layer resulting in increased anode barrier height and reduced surface recombination velocity (Sp) at anode causing a S shaped J-V curve due to decreased carrier extraction rate. The study clearly highlights the differences between the way two differences architectures and elucidates the underlying reasons.
关键词： Drift diffusion,Degradation,Organic solar cells,Modeling
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Novel photocatalytic system Fe-complex/TiO2 for efficient degradation of phenol and norfloxacin in water
摘要： Photocatalysis is one of the effective strategies to eliminate various organic pollutants in water body. In this paper we have prepared a series of new composite photocatalysts to degrade phenol and norfloxacin under visible light irradiation. They were [FeII(dpbpy)2(H2O)2]/TiO2, [FeII(dpbpy)(phen)2]/TiO2 and [FeII(dpbpy)(bpy)2]/TiO2 (dpbpy: 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-diphosphoric acid, phen: 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy: 2,2-bipyridyl). The results show that their photocatalytic performance and cyclic stability are much better than that of pure TiO2 or P25. Phenol can be degraded almost completely and the active groups or substituents of norfloxacin (NOR) can be destroyed also, which greatly reduced the biological toxicity of phenol and norfloxacin in water. The possible mechanisms of improving the photocatalytic activity and stability of TiO2 by using Fe-complex are proposed based on free radical capture test and density functional theory calculation. It is clearly that the interfacial interaction between Fe-complex and titanium dioxide directly affects the photocatalytic activity and stability of the composite photocatalyst. The conjugated structure of the complexes plays a crucial role.
关键词： Photocatalystic degradation under visible light,Phenol,Norfloxacin,Fe-complex/TiO2 composite
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Versatile polymeric microspheres with tumor-microenvironment bioreducible degradation, pH-activated surface charge-reversal, pH-triggered “off-on” fluorescence and drug release as theranostic nanoplatforms
摘要： Facile approach has been developed for the versatile polymeric microspheres with tumor-microenvironment bioreducible degradation, pH-activated surface charge-reversal, pH-triggered “off-on” fluorescence and drug release via emulsion copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), N-rhodamine 6G-ethyl-acrylamide (Rh6GEAm) with N,N-bis(acyloyl)cystamine) (BACy) as disulfide crosslinker and functionalization. The final PGMA-DMMA microspheres showed excellent cytocompatibility, pH-triggered surface charge reversal at pH 5-6, strong fluorescence only in acidic media, and bioreducible degradation with high reductant level, indicating their promising application as theranostic nanoplatforms for precise imaging-guided diagnosis and chemotherapy. The DOX-loaded PGMA-DMMA microspheres with a drug-loading capacity of 18% and particle size of about 150 nm possessed unique pH/reduction dual-responsive controlled release, with a cumulative DOX release of 60.5% within 54 h at the simulated tumor microenvironment but a premature leakage of < 8.0% under the simulated physiological condition. Enhanced inhibition efficacy against HepG2 cells was achieved than the free DOX.
关键词： tumor-microenvironment bioreducible degradation,pH-triggered “off-on” fluorescence,pH-triggered drug release,theranostic nanoplatforms,pH-activated surface charge-reversal,polymeric microspheres
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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TiO <sub/>2</sub> coating prepared by mechanical alloying treatment for photocatalytic degradation
摘要： In this study, a nanostructured TiO2 coating was successfully prepared on a large-scale titanium plate by a simple one-step surface mechanical alloying (SMA) treatment. The coating was characterised to determine the morphological and composition changes with SMA. The coating was ～60 μm thick and composed of 5 nm diameter rutile TiO2 particles. The photocatalytic activity of the nanostructured TiO2 coating was studied via the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) decolorisation of aqueous rhodamine-B. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation e?ect in 5 h of the f30 mm nanostructured TiO2 coating was comparable to that of 20 mg raw TiO2 under similar UV–visible light irradiation. One-step SMA was demonstrated as an appropriate method to produce a high-performance photocatalytic plate.
关键词： Photocatalysis,black TiO2,organic dye degradation,nanostructured TiO2 coating,surface mechanical alloying
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Reactive Brilliant Blue X-BR by Expanded Perlite/TiO2
摘要： Expanded perlite loaded titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method. Expanded perlites were modified using H2SO4 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in this experiment. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of Reactive brilliant blue X-BR by expanded perlites loaded titanium dioxide photocatalysts has been investigated. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, X-ray diffraction analysis. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of Reactive brilliant blue X-BR solution. It was found that the prepared expanded perlite loaded titanium dioxide photocatalysts have an excellent photocatalytic under ultraviolet illumination. The results of ultraviolet spectrum and infrared absorption spectrum showed that the anthraquinone structures and benzene rings were destroyed under photocatalytic oxidation reaction. The identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses indicated that H2O and carbon dioxide could be the primary degradation products.
关键词： Reactive brilliant blue X-BR,Expanded perlites,Photocatalytic degradation mechanism,TiO2
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Sonochemical syntheses of iron doped zinc oxide nanoparticles at different sonication powers and temperatures with their application for photocatalytic degradation of PVC-ZnO composite film
摘要： Doping with iron enhances various properties of zinc oxide making it suitable for several applications. Sonochemical route is an easy way for synthesis of doped ZnO nanoparticles. Input-powers of ultrasound and synthesis–temperature have significant influences over the characteristics of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Effects of the varying sonication powers and synthesis temperatures on the average grain size, band gap and magnetic properties of doped ZnO were studied using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron micrography (FESEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and SQUID-magnetometer. Both temperature and sonication power influenced the characteristics. The nanoparticles were then used for casting composite films with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and photodegradation of the film was examined under sunlight. Performances of nanoparticles synthesised at different conditions were compared. Maximum degradation of about 12% was obtained within three hours with nanoparticles synthesised at 42 W power and 30°C temperature.
关键词： sonication-power,temperature,Fe-doped zinc oxide,nanoparticles,photocatalyst,degradation,ultrasound,PVC-nanocomposite,bandgap,magnetization,characterisation
更新于2025-09-05 23:13:11
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Impact of black silicon on light- and elevated temperature-induced degradation in industrial passivated emitter and rear cells
摘要： Light and elevated‐temperature induced degradation (LeTID) is currently a severe issue in passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC). In this work, we study the impact of surface texture, especially a black silicon (b‐Si) nanostructure, on LeTID in industrial p‐type mc‐Si PERC. Our results show that during standard LeTID conditions the b‐Si cells with atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminum oxide (AlOx) front surface passivation show no degradation despite the presence of a hydrogen‐rich AlOx/SiNx passivation stack on the rear. Furthermore, b‐Si solar cells passivated with silicon nitride (SiNx) on the front lose only 1.5%rel of their initial power conversion efficiency, while the acidic‐textured equivalents degrade by nearly 4%rel under the same conditions. Correspondingly, clear degradation is visible in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the acidic‐textured cells, especially in the ~850 to 1100‐nm wavelength range confirming that the degradation occurs in the bulk, while the IQE remains nearly unaffected in the b‐Si cells. The observations are supported by spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) maps, which show a clear contrast in the degradation behavior of b‐Si and acidic‐textured cells, especially in the case of SiNx front surface passivation. The PL maps also suggest that the magnitude of LeTID scales with surface area of the texture, rather than wafer thickness that was recently reported, although the b‐Si cells are slightly thinner (140 vs 165 μm). The results indicate that b‐Si has a positive impact on LeTID, and hence, benefits provided by b‐Si are not limited only to the excellent optical properties, as commonly understood.
关键词： passivated emitter and rear cells,multicrystalline silicon,light‐induced degradation,black silicon,solar cells,light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Degradation kinetics and mechanism of 3-Chlorobenzoic acid in anoxic water environment using graphene/TiO <sub/>2</sub> as photocatalyst
摘要： Degradation kinetics and mechanism of 3-Chlorobenzoic acid(3-CBA) in anoxic water environment using graphene/TiO2 (GR/TiO2) as photocatalyst had been investigated. The effects of various parameters such as catalyst dosage, pH, initial concentration, catalyst reuse and dissolved oxygen(DO) on 3-CBA photocatalytic degradation kinetics were studied. The qualitative and quantitative analysis for degradation intermediate products and parent compound were studied by using HPLC, HPLC/MS/MS and IC technologies. The results show that the residual concentration of 3-CBA has a good linear relationship and its correlation coefficient R2are all greater than 0.985 by Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) dynamic model under different photocatalytic degradation conditions; Some oxidative degradation products such as 3-chlorophenol, resorcinol, hydroxyquinol are generated, and some reductive degradation products such as 3-chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, cyclohexanediol are produced, and part of 3-CBA are mineralized to generate CO2 when DO is in the range of 0.5~1.0 mg/L; When DO is less than 0.28 mg/L, photocatalytic reduction mainly occurs. The results provide a theoretical basis for photocatalytic in-situ remediation of pollutants in anoxic water environment.
关键词： Degradation kinetics,Degradation mechanism,3-Chlorobenzoic acid,GR/TiO2,Anoxic water environment
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Dyes Over Titanates
摘要： MTiO3 (M = Sr, Ca, Ba and Pb) catalysts were synthesized by polymeric precursor method and characterized by using various instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TiO2 were also synthesized by sol–gel method and used for the optimization of reaction parameters such as catalyst weight, dye concentration and pH in the photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes such as reactive blue 198 (RB 198), reactive black 5 (RB 5) and reactive yellow 145 (RY 145) under UV irradiation. MTiO3 (M = Sr, Ca, Ba and Pb) catalysts were evaluated towards the photocatalytic decolourization of RB 198, RB 5 and RY 145 under optimized reaction conditions. Among the different metal titanates, strontium titanate showed the highest decolourization (≈90%) of all the three reactive dyes under UV irradiation at 120 minutes and also found to be active under visible irradiation as it decolourises the dyes in about 450 minutes. The degradation rate of strontium titanate was monitored by TOC analyzer. Kinetic studies of the photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes confirmed that the reaction followed the pseudo first order kinetics.
关键词： Perovskites,Reactive Dyes,Polymeric Precursor,UV-Visible Degradation,Sol–Gel
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14