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VLC and D2D Heterogeneous Network Optimization: A Reinforcement Learning Approach Based on Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constraints
摘要： The Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum crunch has triggered the harnessing of other sources of bandwidth, for which visible light is a promising candidate. Even though Visible Light Communication (VLC) ensures high capacity, coverage is limited. This necessitates the integration of VLC and Device-to-Device (D2D) technologies into heterogeneous networks. In particular, mobile users which are accessible by the VLC transmitters can relay data to mobile users which are not, by means of D2D communication. However, due to the distributed behaviors of mobile users, determining optimal data transmission routes from VLC transmitters to end mobile devices is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based approach to determine multi-hop data transmission routes in an indoor VLC-D2D heterogeneous network. We obtain the rewards for the RL based method dynamically, by formulating the interactions between the mobile users relaying the data as an Equilibrium Problem with Equilibrium Constraints (EPEC) and using Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve it. The proposed technique can achieve optimal data transmission routes in a distributed manner. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showing that transmission routes with low delays and high capacities can be achieved through the learning algorithm.
关键词： Device-to-Device,Reinforcement Learning,Visible Light Communication,Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers,Heterogeneous Network,Equilibrium Problem with Equilibrium Constraints
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Feasibility of 4H-SiC p-i-n Diode for Sensitive Temperature Measurements between 20.5 K and 802 K
摘要： For the first time, we report on the performances of 4H-SiC pin-diode temperature sensors for operating temperatures between 20.5 K and 802 K. In this huge temperature range three ranges of performance were identified with the limit temperatures at 78.2 K and 176.3 K. In each of these ranges a different dominant current transport mechanism is shown and in the manuscript a detailed analysis and discussion is reported. The sensor performances were extracted from VD-T characteristics at different fixed ID values. In particular, at ID=1 μA and in the temperature range between 78.2 K and 802 K, we found a sensor sensitivity of 2.3 mV/K up to 3.4 mV/K with a rms temperature error, eT, of less than 4.2 K and the sensor shows an excellent linearity – quantified by the coefficient of determination R2 higher than 0.9993. For even lower temperatures (below 78.2 K), low measurement currents like 10 nA are required leading to a sensitivity of 5.8 mV/K, but a lower linearity (R2=0.9095) and a rms temperature error of 9.7 K which makes the sensor only partially usable in the temperature range between 20.5 K and 78.2 K. Finally, the sensor performances are compared to other state-of-the-art solutions.
关键词： Semiconductor device modelling,Cryogenic temperatures,Temperature sensors,4H-Silicon Carbide device,High temperatures,Semiconductor p-i-n diodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Business Analytics (ICDSBA) - Changsha, China (2018.9.21-2018.9.23)] 2018 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Business Analytics (ICDSBA) - Design and Simulation of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs Based Pseudomorphic HEMT Using SILVACO ATLASTM
摘要： In this paper, we have designed and observed the characteristics of a photonic crystal (PC) based optoelectronic device with a specific structure. The device is fabricated using standard semiconductor processes and characterized for its optical and electrical properties. The results show promising performance for applications in data communication.
关键词： data communication,optoelectronic device,photonic crystal,semiconductor process
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Large area silicon-air-silicon DBRs for infrared filter applications
摘要： This paper presents the design, fabrication, and optical characterization of silicon-based thin film Fabry-Pérot filters for spectroscopic sensing applications at short-wave infrared (SWIR: 1.5–2.5 μm) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR: 3–5 μm) wavelengths. Filter performance is enhanced using distributed Bragg reflectors composed of silicon and air-gap layers for enhanced refractive index contrast. A peak-to-peak surface variation of less than 20 nm in the fabricated micromachined structures was achieved across a large spatial area of 1 mm × 1 mm. Spectral measurements on released Fabry-Pérot filters show excellent agreement with optical simulations. The fabricated Fabry-Pérot filters demonstrate peak transmittance values greater than 50% across all spectral ranges, with measured full width at half maximum values in the range of 50 nm rendering them suitable for use in spectral sensing and imaging in the SWIR and MWIR wavelength ranges.
关键词： Silicon,Fabry-Perot interferometers,Spectroscopy,Optical device fabrication
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[ACM Press the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium - Singapore, Singapore (2018.10.08-2018.10.12)] Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers - UbiComp '18 - Measuring Study Activity across High School Students Using Commercial EOG Glasses
摘要： Health monitoring using a wearable device is gaining increasing research interest. Several longitudinal studies have been conducted across college students taking advantage of the robust data acquisition of wearable devices. In these studies, watch-type wearable device and mobile phone are often used to collect data. However, longitudinal activity tracking using an eyewear-type device is challenging because such devices often result in significant discomfort to the user due to their bulky hardware. This paper reports on a longitudinal study on high school students using commercial electrooculography glasses to track study activity. Initial result indicates that weekly feedback via text messages can contribute to longer use of the device.
关键词： Electrooculography,Activity tracking,Eyewear,Wearable device,Eye Blink
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 Eleventh International Conference "Management of large-scale system development" (MLSD 2018) - Moscow (2018.10.1-2018.10.3)] 2018 Eleventh International Conference "Management of large-scale system development" (MLSD - Portable Devices for Monitoring Ultraviolet Radiation
摘要： The article deals with issues related to the use of the new elemental base in some control and monitoring systems for the principles of large-scale objects, constructing portable devices for monitoring ultraviolet radiation. These are the semiconductor sensors - a doser that gives a quantitative result on a digital indicator, either delivering a light or sound signal when reaching a predetermined radiation dose and a dosimeter that measures the intensity of UV radiation or the dose received in real physical units of measurement.
关键词： UV radiation,control systems,sensor,large-scale objects,semiconductor,monitoring,portable device
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Real‐Time Light‐Guided Vocal Fold Injection: Ex Vivo Feasibility Study in a Canine Model
摘要： Objective: The transcricothyroid (CT) membrane approach is a good option for office-based vocal fold injection (VFI). However, because the needle tip is invisible during injection using the CT approach, precise localization requires a high level of experience, and mastering this approach involves a steep learning curve. To overcome current limitations, we conceptualized a novel technique: real-time light-guided VFI (RL-VFI), which enables simultaneous VFI under direct visualization of the lighted needle tip. Herein, we aimed to verify the feasibility of RL-VFI in cadaveric canine model, simulating the setting of office-based VFI, as well as to explore its clinical usefulness. Study Design: Animal study. Methods: A customized prototype device was developed. It consisted of three parts: light source, controller, and injector. Light source comprised laser diodes of two wavelengths (635 nanometers [nm], red; 532 nm, green). Four types of injector were developed using 40-mm needles of 23- and 25-gauge and optic fibers of 50 and 100 μm. ex vivo canine larynx was prepared for the experiment. Flexible laryngoscopy system was used to examine canine vocal folds. Results: Various routes from three insertion points (3 mm, 10 mm, and 17 mm from the midline) were validated using the device. Regardless of the injection routes, the location of the needle tip was accurately indicated by light. RL-VFI was feasible under light guidance without difficulties. Moreover, precise and simultaneous re-injection could be performed at the intended point using the device. Conclusion: We introduced RL-VFI using our customized prototype device in an ex vivo canine larynx, simulating the setting of office-based VFI. Clinical application of RL-VFI will improve safety and precision of CT approach, as well as expand its applications in laryngology.
关键词： injection,Vocal fold,larynx,real-time,light-guided,device,vocal fold palsy,transcutaneous
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.8.5-2018.8.10)] 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) - Increasing Feeder PV Hosting Capacity by Regulating Secondary Circuit Voltages
摘要： Voltage rise is one of the major concerns that limits the photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity or the maximum amount of PV generation that a distribution circuit can accommodate. This paper examines the effectiveness of low-voltage distribution static compensators (LV-DSTATCOMs) in increasing the PV hosting capacity of distribution circuits by mitigating voltage rise. Stochastic analysis framework is used to determine the PV hosting capacity while an iterative placement technique is used to identify effective device locations. To provide insights on the optimal device size, number, and control settings, sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results show that, with appropriate size and control settings, installation of few LV-DSTATCOMs in a distribution circuit can significantly increase its PV hosting capacity. For the circuit under consideration, a set of 23 devices has increased the PV hosting capacity from 15% to 100% of the median day time peak load.
关键词： Distribution circuit,Photovoltaics,FACTS device,Overvoltage,DSTATCOM
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP) - Shenzhen, China (2018.7.13-2018.7.15)] 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP) - Image Correction Technology Supporting Power Device Monitoring
摘要： An automatically monitoring method of electrical device is proposed in this paper. Various visualization monitoring systems are built to save maintenance costs and improve operation efficiency. Limited to the working principle of ordinary camera lens, obtained image is easy to produce image deformity and aberration. In order to solve this problem, an image correction method based on phase-only correlation (POC) in power industry is suggested to get the image information of the actual situation of device. Experimental results show that proposed method can effectively save testing cost and achieve a high correction accuracy of device image.
关键词： Device monitoring,Image distortion,Image correction,Phase-only correlation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Theoretical and Experimental Features of Nano-Crystals Rochelle Salt: Piezoelectric Resonance and Phase Transition
摘要： A new methodology based on Three-Electrode System (TES) technique was used to measure both, elastic (C44) and piezoelectric (d14) constants of Rochelle salt (RS) crystal. This technique was also used to observe the phase transitions at ?18 °C and 24 °C, manifested as an increase of the output signal at these temperatures. Mechanical wave attenuation coefficient (α) into the crystal was found. Also, first principle methodology in the framework of the density functional theory was utilized to confirm the electronic structure of Rochelle Salt. The results present high accuracy theoretical/experimental as well as a complete agreement with those known in the literature done by different methodologies.
关键词： Phase Transitions,Rochelle Salt Crystal,Piezoelectric Device,Ab Initio Simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29