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Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Fluorescence Microscopy Images Based on ANN Classifier
摘要： Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a clinical biomarker for cancer metastasis. CTCs are cells circulating in the body of patients by being separated from primary cancer and entering into blood vessel. CTCs spread every positions in the body, and this is one of the cause of cancer metastasis. To analyze them, pathologists get information about metastasis without invasive test. CTCs test is conducted by analyzing the blood sample from patient. The fluorescence microscope generates a large number of images per each sample, and images contain a lot of cells. There are only a few CTCs in images and cells often have blurry boundaries. So CTCs identification is not an easy work for pathologists. In this paper, we develop an automatic CTCs identification method in fluorescence microscopy images. This proposed method has three section. In the first approach, we conduct the cell segmentation in images by using filtering methods. Next, we compute feature values from each CTC candidate region. Finally, we identify CTCs using artificial neural network algorithm. We apply the proposed method to 5895 microscopy images (7 samplesas), and evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method by using leave-one-out cross validation. We achieve the result of performance tests, a true positive rate is 92.57% and false positive rate is 9.156%.
关键词： Fluorescence microscopy image,Artificial neural network,Feature analysis,Computer aided diagnosis,Circulating tumor cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Evaluation of calculus imaging on root surfaces by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
摘要： Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to display calculus on root surfaces. Material and Methods: Ten teeth with calculus on the root surface were embedded in resin, omitting the root surface. A region of interest (ROI) was marked by small drill holes coronally and apically of the calculus and imaged by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ([SD OCT], Telesto SP5, centre wavelength 1310 nm) and light microscopy (LM). To evaluate the impact of different fluids on calculus visualisation, using OCT, root surfaces were covered by a layer of NaCl and blood and displayed by OCT. Subsequently, teeth were completely covered with resin and sectioned for histological evaluation. Within the ROI, lengths of root surface and calculus were measured by LM and OCT, and the ratio [%] was calculated. In addition, at three sites of each ROI, agreement of presence and length of calculus was evaluated. Both methods were compared using Pearson’s correlation. Results: Regarding the presence of calculus, agreement between LM and OCT was strong (κi = 0.783, p = 0.033), and measurements regarding the length of the calculus were strongly correlated (ri >0.906; pi <0.001). However, the values differed for dry (p = 0.023) and NaCl-covered root surfaces (p = 0.035). Conclusion: Calculus on the root surface can be displayed by SD-OCT, which therefore may be suited as imaging technology for subgingival calculus in periodontal pockets.
关键词： Optical coherence tomography Periodontitis Subgingival calculus Diagnosis SD-OCT
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Cancer Selective Turn-on Fluorescence Imaging Using a Biopolymeric Nanocarrier
摘要： Most nanoparticle-based bioresearch for clinical applications is unable to overcome the clinical barriers of efficacy (e.g., sensitivity and selectivity), safety for human use, and mass-production processes. Here, we proposed a promising concept of using a biocompatible nanocarrier that delivers natural fluorescent precursors into cancerous cells. The nanocarrier is a biopolymeric nanoparticle that can be easily loaded with fluorescent precursors to form a fluorescent moiety via a biosynthesis pathway. Once delivered into cancerous cells, the nanocarriers are selectively turned on and distinctively fluoresce upon excitation. We, therefore, demonstrated the efficacy of the selective turn-on fluorescence of the nanocarriers in in vitro co-culture models and in vivo tumor-bearing models.
关键词： Hyaluronic Acid,Cancer Diagnosis,Biocompatible Nanocarrier,Turn-on Fluorescence,5-Aminolevulinic Acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Novel Whole Spectrum-based Non-invasive Screening Device for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
摘要： Objective: Careful screening of bilirubin level in newborns is mandatory as per American Academy of Pediatrics (2004), to reduce incidents of kernicterus and acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Although invasive capillary collection of blood and subsequent biochemical test is considered a gold standard for jaundice detection in neonates, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurement using various non-invasive instruments is also used sporadically across the globe. The major aim of this study was to develop a non-invasive spectrometry-based technique for measurement of neonatal bilirubin level as an alternative of total serum bilirubin (TSB) test without limitations of other available bilirubinometers. Methods: The instrument comprised of a light source and a spectroscopic detector. A light beam from source incident on the neonatal nail plate through optical fibers. The retro reflected light is acquired using the detector. An indigenously developed software used to acquire and analyze the optical signal and to calculate the bilirubin value. The instrument was calibrated and validated in reference to TSB on 1033 subjects. Major results: The result (r=0.95 and P<0.001), indicates a strong correlation between the bilirubin value obtained from our method and TSB. Time variant analysis of the subjects undergoing phototherapy provided a good correlation (r = 0.98). The repeatability test, result shows the mean coefficient of variation less than 5.0%. Conclusions: The indigenously developed non-invasive technique, successfully detects the bilirubin under various physiological conditions with high accuracy and precision.
关键词： non-invasive optical method,LabVIEW,diffuse reflection,Neonatal jaundice,whole spectrum-based diagnosis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Reflectance confocal microscopy of cutaneous melanoma. Correlation with dermoscopy and histopathology
摘要： In vivo Confocal Microscopy is a method for non-invasive, real-time visualization of microscopic structures and cellular details of the epidermis and dermis, which has a degree of resolution similar to that obtained with histology. We present a case of cutaneous melanoma in which diagnosis was aided by confocal microscopy examination. We also correlate the observed features with the dermoscopic and histopathological findings. Confocal microscopy proved to be an useful adjunct to dermoscopy, playing an important role as a method 'between clinical evaluation and histopathology'.
关键词： Melanoma,Diagnosis,Dermoscopy,Confocal microscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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High-Resolution ENT Video Endoscope with Superior Image Quality Equivalent to that of Gastric Video Endoscopes
摘要： Background and study aims: To assess the usability of high resolution fiberscope which has equivalent image quality to that of the esophageal and gastric video endoscopes. Patients and methods: Image resolution of this endoscope was estimated by the United States Air Force (USAF) resolution test chart. Clinical application was done between January and December 2010 and transnasal observation of the larynx and hypopharynx were performed during this period. These examinations were done for screening and follow-up for patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal disorders. Results: This endoscope could distinguish features on a scale of nearly 20 μm, and abnormal vascular patterns on the mucosal surface characteristic of carcinomas were clearly observed under a conventional light source. In addition, these changes on the mucosal surface became more apparent with use of the i-SCAN?. Nevertheless, the handling of this video endoscope was similar to that of popular ENT video endoscopes, and all patients tolerated its use well. Conclusion: This new device may dramatically improve pharyngolaryngeal examination in ENT clinics.
关键词： Narrow-band imaging,Intraepithelial papillary capillary loops,Early diagnosis,Video endoscope
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photomedicine - Advances in Clinical Practice || Light-Emitting Woven Fabric for Treatment with Photodynamic Therapy and Monitoring of Actinic Keratosis
摘要： A successful photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a specific photosensitizer, oxygen and light of a specific wavelength and power. Today photodynamic therapy (PDT) is administered to patients with light-emitting diode (LED) panels. These panels deliver a non-uniform light distribution on the human body parts, as the complex human anatomy is not a flat surface (head vertex, hand, shoulder, etc.). For an efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-emitting fabric (LEF) was woven from plastic optical fibers (POF) aiming at the treatment of dermatologic diseases such as actinic keratosis (AK). Plastic optical fibers (POF) (Toray, PGR-FB250) have been woven in textile in order to create macro-bendings, and thus emit out the injected light directly to the skin. The light intensity and light-emitting homogeneity of the LEF were improved thanks to Doehlert Experimental Design. During the treatment with PDT, the photosensitizers were activated in the cancerous cells. These cells may be visualized, as they show a characteristic fluorescence under UV light, which is called fluorescence diagnosis (FD). Therefore, it is proposed to modify the developed LEF for PDT to measure the fluorescence amount. For this aim, a part of POFs was cut out to observe the quantity of light that could be collected while the LEF was connected to a light source. The first prototypes showed the possibility of the illumination with the same LEF without losing the efficiency but also imaging the collected light.
关键词： fluorescence diagnosis (FD),weaving,light emitting fabric (LEF),plastic optical fiber (POF),photodynamic therapy (PDT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - Krakow (2018.10.16-2018.10.18)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - An OCTA Based Diagnosis System Based on a Comprehensive Local Features Analysis for Early Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
摘要： In this work, we propose a comprehensive diagnosis system for detecting early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The proposed system is based on extracting features that are describing both shape and appearance of the retinal vascular system from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans. First, two various OCTA plexuses are segmented, which are retinal super?cial and deep plexuses, to extract the retinal blood vessels from the other background tissues. Then, the developed system calculates the blood vessels density, blood vessels caliber, and distance map of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) from both two segmented OCTA plexuses. Also, the large blood vessels are extracted from the segmented super?cial plexus to retrieve the skeleton of the blood vessels. The skeleton of the large blood vessels is used to calculate bifurcation, crossover, and branch points. Finally, the extracted four features that are capturing shape and appearance of the segmented vessels and FAZ, which are blood vessels density, blood vessel caliber, the width of the FAZ, and different types of vascular bifurcation points are used to diagnosis the OCTA images by using two-stage random forest (RF) classi?er. To measure the performance of the proposed system, 133 OCTA scans for different patients are used for training and testing based on k-fold cross-validation technique. The performance of the proposed system is measured by using ?ve various metrics. A promising average result of overall accuracy (ACC) of 97% is obtained that can differentiate normal from mild DR cases.
关键词： Early DR Diagnosis,OCTA,FAZ,Local Retinal Blood Vessels Analysis,Bifurcation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Visually interpretable deep network for diagnosis of breast masses on mammograms
摘要： Recently, deep learning technology has achieved various successes in medical image analysis studies including computer-aided diagnosis (CADx). However, current CADx approaches based on deep learning have a limitation in interpreting diagnostic decisions. The limited interpretability is a major challenge for practical use of current deep learning approaches. In this paper, a novel visually interpretable deep network framework is proposed to provide diagnostic decisions with visual interpretation. The proposed method is motivated by the fact that the radiologists characterize breast masses according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS). The proposed deep network framework consists of a BIRADS guided diagnosis network and a BIRADS critic network. A two-dimensional map, named BIRADS guide map, is generated in the inference process of the deep network. The visual features extracted from the breast masses could be refined by the BIRADS guide map, which helps the deep network to focus on more informative areas. The BIRADS critic network makes the BIRADS guide map to be relevant to the characterization of masses in terms of BIRADS description. To verify the proposed method, comparative experiments have been conducted on public mammogram database. On the independent test set (170 malignant masses and 170 benign masses), the proposed method was found to have significantly higher performance compared to the deep network approach without using the BIRADS guide map (p<0.05). Moreover, the visualization was conducted to show the location where the deep network exploited more information. This study demonstrated that the proposed visually interpretable CADx framework could be a promising approach for visually interpreting the diagnostic decision of the deep network.
关键词： breast mass,visual interpretation,computer-aided diagnosis,Deep learning,visualization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 Joint Conference - Acoustics - Ustka, Poland (2018.9.11-2018.9.14)] 2018 Joint Conference - Acoustics - Crosstalk Effect in Medical Ultrasound Tomography Imaging
摘要： Ultrasound tomography (UT) is a modern method of medical imaging that has been intensively developed recently to diagnose female breasts in vivo. This method makes it possible to acquire images in various ultrasound modalities simultaneously - both transmission and reflection ones, without any focusing. Therefore, the ultrasound intensity level when scanning individual coronal breast sections is relatively low. Data for reconstruction of images is obtained by means of a multi-element array of small piezoceramic transducers spaced evenly on the inner side of the ring surrounding the breast immersed in water. The main problem with such arrangements is the occurrence of crosstalk, which introduces specific errors to measurement data. Crosstalk is a result of a deficiency in electrical or mechanical isolation between array elements. Such errors lead to distortions in the reconstructed images. In the paper, the effect of crosstalk in the ultrasound tomography ring array was examined and analyzed. The influence of crosstalk on the reconstructed images of the breast structure was shown as well. Conducted studies enabled the detection of the sources and paths of crosstalk and, as a consequence, it allowed us to improve the design of the multi-element ultrasonic transducer ring array, and to reduce crosstalk.
关键词： medical imaging,ultrasound tomography method,breast diagnosis,crosstalk effect
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21