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Programmable Spectral Filter in C-Band Based on Digital Micromirror Device
摘要： Optical ?lters have been adopted in many applications such as recon?gurable telecommunication switches, tunable lasers and spectral imaging. However, most of commercialized ?lters based on a micro-electrical-mechanical system (MEMS) only provide a minimum bandwidth of 25 GHz in telecom so far. In this work, the programmable ?lter based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) experimentally demonstrated a minimum bandwidth of 12.5 GHz in C-band that matched the grid width of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) G.694.1 standard. It was capable of ?ltering multiple wavebands simultaneously and ?exibly by remotely uploading binary holograms onto the DMD. The number of channels and the center wavelength could be adjusted independently, as well as the channel bandwidth and the output power. The center wavelength tuning resolution of this ?lter achieved 0.033 nm and the insertion loss was about 10 dB across the entire C-band. Since the DMD had a high power handling capability (25 KW/cm2) of around 200 times that of the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) chip, the DMD-based ?lters are expected to be applied in high power situations.
关键词： digital micromirror device,optical switch,programmable spectral ?lter
更新于2025-11-28 14:23:57
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Recent Trends in Compressive Raman Spectroscopy Using DMD-Based Binary Detection
摘要： The collection of high-dimensional hyperspectral data is often the slowest step in the process of hyperspectral Raman imaging. With the conventional array-based Raman spectroscopy acquiring of chemical images could take hours to even days. To increase the Raman collection speeds, a number of compressive detection (CD) strategies, which simultaneously sense and compress the spectral signal, have recently been demonstrated. As opposed to conventional hyperspectral imaging, where full spectra are measured prior to post-processing and imaging CD increases the speed of data collection by making measurements in a low-dimensional space containing only the information of interest, thus enabling real-time imaging. The use of single channel detectors gives the key advantage to CD strategy using optical filter functions to obtain component intensities. In other words, the filter functions are simply the optimized patterns of wavelength combinations characteristic of component in the sample, and the intensity transmitted through each filter represents a direct measure of the associated score values. Essentially, compressive hyperspectral images consist of 'score' pixels (instead of 'spectral' pixels). This paper presents an overview of recent advances in compressive Raman detection designs and performance validations using a DMD based binary detection strategy.
关键词： Chemometrics,multivariate data analysis,digital light processor (DLP),digital micromirror device (DMD),optimal binary filters,spatial light modulators (SLM),Raman spectroscopy,chemical imaging,compressive detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Comparative appraisal of global and local thresholding methods for binarisation of off-axis digital holograms
摘要： Binary digital and computer-generated holograms are used in a number of digital micromirror device (DMD) applications, including holographic displays, media characterisation, optical encryption, and others. Binarisation is one of the most simple and e?cient methods of hologram compression. In this paper, 12 local and 18 global thresholding techniques of di?erent groups were analysed and compared based on attribute similarity, clustering, entropy, histogram shape, and local adaptive factors. Optically recorded o?-axis digital holograms of di?erent objects were binarised using these methods. The amplitude quality of the obtained reconstructed images was compared using PSNR and SSIM values. The clustering-based methods achieved the highest quality. The results of binarisation by global and local methods were comparable on average.
关键词： Image binarisation,Hologram compression,Thresholding,Digital holography,Digital image processing,Digital micromirror device
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Synthetic Bessel light needle for extended depth-of-field microscopy
摘要： An ultra-long light needle is highly desired in optical microscopy for its ability to improve the lateral resolution over a large depth of field (DOF). However, its use in image acquisition usually relies on mechanical raster scanning, which compromises between imaging speed and stability and thereby restricts imaging performance. Here, we propose a synthetic Bessel light needle (SBLN) that can be generated and scanned digitally by complex field modulation using a digital micromirror device. In particular, the SBLN achieves a 45-fold improvement in DOF over its counterpart Gaussian focus. Further, we apply the SBLN to perform motionless two-dimensional and three-dimensional microscopic imaging, achieving both improved resolution and extended DOF. Our work is expected to open up opportunities for potential biomedical applications.
关键词： depth-of-field microscopy,motionless imaging,Bessel light needle,digital micromirror device
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Grayscale Nanopixel Printing at Sub-10-nanometer Vertical Resolution <i>via</i> Light-Controlled Nanocapillarity
摘要： Nanotextures play increasingly important roles in nanotechnology. Recent studies revealed that their functionalities can be further enhanced by spatially modulating the height of their nanoscale pixels. Realizing the concept, however, is very challenging as it requires “grayscale” printing of the nanopixels in which their height is controlled within a few nanometers as a micrometric function of position. This work demonstrates such a high vertical and lateral resolution grayscale printing of polymeric nanopixels. We realize the height modulation by exploiting the discovery that the capillary rise of certain photopolymers can be optically controlled to stop at a predetermined height with sub-10-nm accuracy. Microscale spatial patterning of the control light directly extends the height modulation into a two-dimensionally patterned, grayscale nanopixel printing. Its utility is veri?ed through readily recon?gurable, maskless printing of grayscale nanopixel arrays in dielectric and metallo-dielectric forms. This work also reveals the highly nonlinear and unstable nature of the polymeric nanocapillary e?ect, expanding its understanding and application scope.
关键词： gap plasmonics,digital micromirror device,nanocapillarity,opto?uidics,nanofabrication,maskless photolithography
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Bat algorithm-enabled binary optimization for scattered light focusing
摘要： We introduce a novel global optimization algorithm–bat algorithm (BA) for wavefront shaping to focus light through highly scattered media. Compared with the well-known genetic algorithm, BA-based binary wavefront shaping achieves a higher enhancement with less time in noisy environments, which is validated by simulation and experiment. Using a high-speed digital micromirror device, the BA enables quick formation of single or multiple focal spots through a highly scattering layer. The BA offers a competitive algorithm for wavefront shaping in turbid media, which might benefit biomedical imaging in deep tissues.
关键词： wavefront shaping,scattered light focusing,bat algorithm,digital micromirror device,binary optimization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Black Phosphorous Quantum Dots Sandwiched Organic Solar Cells
摘要： We introduce a novel global optimization algorithm–bat algorithm (BA) for wavefront shaping to focus light through highly scattered media. Compared with the well-known genetic algorithm, BA-based binary wavefront shaping achieves a higher enhancement with less time in noisy environments, which is validated by simulation and experiment. Using a high-speed digital micromirror device, the BA enables quick formation of single or multiple focal spots through a highly scattering layer. The BA offers a competitive algorithm for wavefront shaping in turbid media, which might benefit biomedical imaging in deep tissues.
关键词： wavefront shaping,scattered light focusing,bat algorithm,digital micromirror device,binary optimization
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The configuration of DMD and the maximum intensity projection method for improving contrast in DMD-based confocal microscope
摘要： In this article, an operation strategy of digital micromirror device (DMD) and the maximum intensity projection (MIP) image processing method are proposed to improve the contrast of images in confocal microscopy. First, the configuration of DMD is demonstrated and the effect of scanning unit size on image performance is analyzed. Then, the image processing method MIP is applied. According to the MIP method, only the maximum intensity projection point of the same pixel is chosen from every image, and the maximum intensity projection point exactly corresponds to the positon where mirror is at “on” position during the scanning process in DMD-based confocal microscope system,. Thus, high contrast of images can be achieved by using MIP. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify imaging performance by changing the parameter of scanning unit size and applying a MIP image processing technique. The results show that DMD scanning unit size and MIP image processing techniques play important roles in improving image contrast. Smaller scanning unit size of DMD improves axial contrast but greatly decreases the signal to noise ratio, which thus leads to reduced image contrast. Larger scanning unit size produces a better signal to noise ratio, thus better image contrast. However, a large S will sacrifice the processing time. Therefore, DMD scanning unit size should be smaller on the premise that image contrast can be satisfied.
关键词： digital micromirror device (DMD),the maximum intensity projection image processing (MIP),image contrast,scanning unit size
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Arbitrary amplitude femtosecond pulse shaping via a digital micromirror device
摘要： An ultrafast spectrum programmable femtosecond laser may enhance the performance of a wide variety of scientific applications, e.g., multi-photon imaging. In this paper, we report a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based ultrafast pulse shaper, i.e., DUPS, for femtosecond laser arbitrary amplitude shaping — the first time a programmable binary device reported to shape the amplitudes of ultrafast pulses spectrum at up to 32 kHz rate over a broad wavelength range. The DUPS is highly efficient, compact, and low cost based on the use of a DMD in combination with a transmission grating. Spatial and temporal dispersion introduced by the DUPS is compensated by a quasi-4-f setup and a grating pair, respectively. Femtosecond pulses with arbitrary spectrum shapes, including rectangular, sawtooth, triangular, double-pulse, and exponential profile, have been demonstrated in our experiments. A feedback operation process is implemented in the DUPS to ensure a robust and repeatable shaping process. The total efficiency of the DUPS for amplitude shaping is measured to be 27%.
关键词： digital micromirror device,Spectrum shaping,ultrafast laser
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Fast confocal fluorescence imaging in freely behaving mice
摘要： Fluorescence imaging in the brain of freely behaving mice is challenging due to severe miniaturization constraints. In particular, the ability to image a large field of view at high temporal resolution and with efficient out-of-focus background rejection still raises technical difficulties. Here, we present a novel fiberscope system that provides fast (up to 200 Hz) background-free fluorescence imaging in freely behaving mice over a field of view of diameter 230 μm. The fiberscope is composed of a custom-made multipoint-scanning confocal microscope coupled to the animal with an image guide and a micro-objective. By simultaneously registering a multipoint-scanning confocal image and a conventional widefield image, we subtracted the residual out-of-focus background and provided a background-free confocal image. Illumination and detection pinholes were created using a digital micromirror device, providing high adaptability to the sample structure and imaging conditions. Using this novel imaging tool, we demonstrated fast fluorescence imaging of microvasculature up to 120 μm deep in the mouse cortex, with an out-of-focus background reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with widefield microscopy. Taking advantage of the high acquisition rate (200 Hz), we measured red blood cell velocity in the cortical microvasculature and showed an increase in awake, unrestrained mice compared with anaesthetized animals.
关键词： red blood cell velocity,multipoint-scanning confocal microscope,digital micromirror device,fiberscope system,microvasculature imaging,fluorescence imaging,freely behaving mice
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46