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Solution-processible Cd-doped ZnO nanoparticles as an electron transport layer to achieve high performance polymer solar cells through improve conductivity and light transmittance
摘要： In this work, electron transport layers (ETLs) with high charge transfer ability were prepared by doping ZnO nanoparticles with different concentrations of cadmium(Cd). The inverted polymer solar cell based on PTB7-Th: PC71BM as active layer and various concentrations Cd-doped ZnO (CZO) as ETLs were fabricated. The PCE of the device with optimized Cd content in the ZnO film was about 14.7% larger than that of the pure ZnO-based cells. The cadmium-doped ZnO(CZO) is a good candidate to be used as a high-quality transparent electrode in solar cell applications.
关键词： high electrical conductivity,cadmium doping,electron transport layers,ZnO nanoparticles,inverted polymer solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Oblique Electrostatic Inkjet-Deposited TiO2 Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study, a new, simple, and novel oblique electrostatic inkjet (OEI) technique is developed to deposit a titanium oxide (TiO2) compact layer (CL) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate without the need for a vacuum environment for the first time. The TiO2 is used as electron transport layers (ETL) in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This bottom-up OEI technique enables the control of the surface morphology and thickness of the tio2 cL by simply manipulating the coating time. the oei-fabricated tio2 is characterized tested and the results are compared with that of tio2 cLs produced by spin-coating and spray pyrolysis. the oei-deposited tio2 cL exhibits satisfactory surface coverage and smooth morphology, conducive for the ETLs in PSCs. The power-conversion efficiencies of PSCs with oei-deposited tio2 CL as the ETL were as high as 13.19%. Therefore, the present study provides an important advance in the effort to develop simple, low-cost, and easily scaled-up techniques. OEI may be a new candidate for depositing tio2 CL ETLs for highly efficient planar PSCs, thus potentially contributing to future mass production.
关键词： electron transport layers,oblique electrostatic inkjet,power-conversion efficiencies,planar perovskite solar cells,TiO2
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Phenyl-C <sub/>61</sub> -Butyric Acid as an Interface Passivation Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Here phenyl-C61-butyric acid (PCBA) is presented as a generic passivation coating for metal oxide electron transport layers used in planar n-i-p configuration of perovskite solar cells (PSC). PCBA shows better adhesion to tin and zinc oxides due to strong acid-base interactions as compared to the conventionally used phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ether (PCBM). Therefore, depositing a compact PCBA passivation coating can be achieved in a much more economical way using 100 times less concentrated precursor solution. In addition, PCBA coating delivers higher power conversion efficiencies (up to 20.3%) as compared to the pristine oxide layers with or without PCBM coating. Finally, the fabricated solar cells using PCBA coating are more stable in comparison with the reference cells with conventional PCBM passivation and preserved ~70% of the initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous 30 mW/cm2 white light illumination at 50?C.
关键词： electron transport layers,stability,perovskite solar cells,phenyl-C61-butyric acid,interface passivation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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The role of cation and anion dopant incorporated into a ZnO electron transporting layer for polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells
摘要： Doping is a widely-implemented strategy for enhancing the inherent electronic properties of charge transport layers in photovoltaic devices. A facile solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) and various cation and anion-doped ZnO layers were synthesized via the sol–gel method and employed as electron transport layers (ETLs) for inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). The results indicated that all PSCs with doped ZnO ETLs exhibited better photovoltaic performance compared with the PSCs with a pristine ZnO ETL. By exploring the role of various anion and cation dopants (three compounds with the same Al3+ cation: Al(acac)3, Al(NO3)3, AlCl3 and three compounds with the same Cl? anion: NH4Cl, MgCl2, AlCl3), we found that the work function changed to favor electronic extraction only when the Cl anion was involved. In addition, the conductivity of ZnO was enhanced more with the Al3+ cation. Therefore, in inverted solar cells, doping with Al3+ and Cl? delivered the best power conversion efficiency (PCE). The maximum PCE of 10.38% was achieved from the device with ZnO doped with Al+ and Cl?.
关键词： electron transport layers,Al3+ cation,polymer solar cells,doping,Cl? anion,photovoltaic performance,power conversion efficiency,sol–gel method,zinc oxide
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Electron Transport Bilayer with Cascade Energy Alignment for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Energy alignment between electron transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite has a strong influence on the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two approaches are deployed to tune the energy level of ETLs: 1) doping ETLs with aliovalent metal cations and 2) constructing heterojunction bilayers with different materials. However, the abrupt interfaces in the heterojunction bilayers introduce undesirable carrier recombination. Herein, a homojunction bilayer ETL is developed by stacking Sb-doped SnO2 (Sb-SnO2) and SnO2 ETLs via low-temperature spin-coating processes. The energy levels of ETLs are tuned by the incorporation of Sb and altering stacking orders. Bilayer ETL of Sb-SnO2/SnO2 with cascade energy alignment promotes the best power conversion efficiency of 20.73%, surpassing single-layer ETLs of SnO2 (18.23%) and Sb-SnO2 (19.15%), whereas the SnO2/Sb-SnO2 bilayer with barricade energy alignment receives the poorest device performance. The cascade bilayer ETL facilitates charge separation and suppresses carrier recombination in PSCs, which is verified by photoluminescence, conductivity, and impedance characterizations. The homojunction bilayer ETLs with adjustable energy levels open a new direction for interface engineering toward efficient PSCs.
关键词： electron transport layers,perovskite solar cells,energy alignments,bilayer structures,tin dioxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Red‐Carbon‐Quantum‐Dot‐Doped SnO <sub/>2</sub> Composite with Enhanced Electron Mobility for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： An efficient electron transport layer (ETL) plays a key role in promoting carrier separation and electron extraction in planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An effective composite ETL is fabricated using carboxylic-acid- and hydroxyl-rich red-carbon quantum dots (RCQs) to dope low-temperature solution-processed SnO2, which dramatically increases its electron mobility by ≈20 times from 9.32 × 10?4 to 1.73 × 10?2 cm2 V?1 s?1. The mobility achieved is one of the highest reported electron mobilities for modified SnO2. Fabricated planar PSCs based on this novel SnO2 ETL demonstrate an outstanding improvement in efficiency from 19.15% for PSCs without RCQs up to 22.77% and have enhanced long-term stability against humidity, preserving over 95% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h under 40–60% humidity at 25 °C. These significant achievements are solely attributed to the excellent electron mobility of the novel ETL, which is also proven to help the passivation of traps/defects at the ETL/perovskite interface and to promote the formation of highly crystallized perovskite, with an enhanced phase purity and uniformity over a large area. These results demonstrate that inexpensive RCQs are simple but excellent additives for producing efficient ETLs in stable high-performance PSCs as well as other perovskite-based optoelectronics.
关键词： electron transport layers,SnO2,planar perovskite solar cells,synchrotron-based GIXRD,red-carbon quantum dots
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04