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Investigation of Inverse Solutions for Tilting Orthogonal Double Prisms in Laser Pointing with Submicroradian Precision
摘要： This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of arrays of miniaturized, internally fed, polymer electrospray emitters fabricated with stereolithography. The freeform additive manufacturing process used to make the devices has associated two orders of magnitude reduction in the fabrication cost per device and fabrication time (from thousands of dollars to tens of dollars, and from months to hours, respectively) and a two orders of magnitude reduction in the cost of the manufacturing infrastructure (from millions of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars) compared with a silicon MEMS multiplexed electrospray source. The 3-D printed devices include features not easily attainable with other microfabrication methods, e.g., tapered channels and threaded holes. Through the optimization of the fabrication process 10-mm tall, isolated, straight, solid columns with diameter as small as 300 μm, and 12-mm long, straight tubes with inner diameter as small as 400 μm and wall thickness as small as 150 μm were demonstrated. Arrays with as many as 236 internally fed electrospray emitters (236 emitters in 1 cm2) were made, i.e., a twofold increase in emitter density and a sixfold increase in array size compared with the best reported values from multiplexed, internally fed, electrospray sources made of polymer. The characterization of devices with a different array size suggests a uniform emitter operation.
关键词： electrospray,Additive manufacturing of MEMS,stereolithography,multiplexed liquid ionizers
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 17th International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering (ICT&KE) - Bangkok, Thailand (2019.11.20-2019.11.22)] 2019 17th International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering (ICT&KE) - Provision and Visualization of Solar Radiation Data for Energy Management System
摘要： This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of arrays of miniaturized, internally fed, polymer electrospray emitters fabricated with stereolithography. The freeform additive manufacturing process used to make the devices has associated two orders of magnitude reduction in the fabrication cost per device and fabrication time (from thousands of dollars to tens of dollars, and from months to hours, respectively) and a two orders of magnitude reduction in the cost of the manufacturing infrastructure (from millions of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars) compared with a silicon MEMS multiplexed electrospray source. The 3-D printed devices include features not easily attainable with other microfabrication methods, e.g., tapered channels and threaded holes. Through the optimization of the fabrication process 10-mm tall, isolated, straight, solid columns with diameter as small as 300 μm, and 12-mm long, straight tubes with inner diameter as small as 400 μm and wall thickness as small as 150 μm were demonstrated. Arrays with as many as 236 internally fed electrospray emitters (236 emitters in 1 cm2) were made, i.e., a twofold increase in emitter density and a sixfold increase in array size compared with the best reported values from multiplexed, internally fed, electrospray sources made of polymer. The characterization of devices with a different array size suggests a uniform emitter operation.
关键词： electrospray,Additive manufacturing of MEMS,stereolithography,multiplexed liquid ionizers
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Efficient Method of Fabricating Polymeric Solar Cells in Multilayered Configuration Using Electrospray
摘要： Electrospray deposition (ESD) for the fabrication of multilayered (ML) bulk heterojunction polymeric solar cells via direct/inverted configurations was investigated. The active layer heterojunction (P3HT/PCBM) is deposited both in single and multilayered architectures. In ML configuration, the P3HT/PCBM blend film is sandwiched between thin donor (P3HT) and acceptor (PCBM) layers. In ZnO-based inverted solar cells, ZnO film synthesized by sol–gel process was deposited on ITO substrate using spin coatinng. Solar cells were fabricated via ESD and spin coating and the device’s performance parameters were compared. Higher efficiency was obtained in the case of (ML) ESD device (direct structure). Post thermal treatment showed that ESD devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.85% ML and 1.64% SL in direct structure while in the case of inverted structure PCEs of 1.30% ML and 0.82% SL were obtained as compared to 1.64% from the spin coated device at 120°C. The ML ESD devices have shown an overall efficiency enhancement of 13% (direct) and 58% (inverted) over the single layer (SL) ESD devices. The enhanced performance in ML devices is because there is a spatially uninterrupted pathway to the charge carrier transport towards their respective electrodes.
关键词： J–V characteristics,Polymeric solar cells,ZnO based Inverted organic solar cells,electrospray deposition,multilayered films
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Direct Analysis of Biological Tissue
摘要： Direct analysis and identi?cation of biological tissue is signi?cant for clinical applications. In this study, porcine liver and kidney have been analyzed using laser ablation electrospray ionization time-of-?ight mass spectrometry (LAESI-TOFMS). This method showed good reproducibility for the same types of tissue and is capable of distinguishing di?erent tissue species. The margin assessment was also performed using porcine renal tissue, and the response time was less than 6 s. Furthermore, human hepatocarcinoma tissue and normal tissue were identi?ed using this method. Our results indicate that LAESI-TOFMS is a feasible approach for direct identi?cation of tumor tissue and potential for assessment of the resection margin.
关键词： Laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,biological tissue,margin assessment,tumor identification
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF <sub/>4</sub> :Er <sup>3+</sup> ,Yb <sup>3+</sup> upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet
摘要： Hexagonal upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ (ca. 300 nm) have been widely used to measure the temperature at the nanoscale using luminescence ratio thermometry. However, several factors limit their applications. For example, changes in the peak shape, mainly is the S-band emission, hinders their ability to be used as a universal temperature sensor. Herein, we introduce a universal calibration protocol for NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles that is robust to environmental changes and gives a precise temperature measurement. We used this new procedure to calculate the temperature profile inside a Taylor cone generated with an electrospray jet. Inside the Taylor cone the fluid velocity increases toward the tip of the cone. A constant acquisition length leads to a decrease in excitation and acquisition time. This decrease in excitation time causes a peak shape change that corrupts the temperature measurement if the entire peak shape is integrated in the calibration. Our universal calibration circumvents this problem and can be used for time-resolved applications. The temperature at the end of the Taylor cone increases due to the creation of a whispering gallery mode cavity with 980 nm excitation. We use time-resolved energy balance equations to support our optical temperature measurements inside the Taylor cone. We believe that the findings of this paper provide a foundation for time-resolved temperature measurements using NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ upconverting nanoparticles and can be used to understand temperature-dependent reactions such as protein unfolding inside microjet/microdroplets and microfluidic systems.
关键词： upconverting nanoparticles,microjet,nanothermometry,electrospray,temperature measurement,time-resolved measurement
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Electrospray-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (ES-SERS) for probing surface chemical compositions of atmospherically relevant particles
摘要： We present electrospray-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (ES-SERS) as a new approach to measuring the surface chemical compositions of atmospherically relevant particles. The surface-sensitive SERS is realized by electrospraying Ag nanoparticle aerosols over analyte particles. Spectral features at v(SO42-), v(C-H) and v(O-H) modes were observed from the normal Raman and SERS measurements of laboratory-generated supermicron particles of ammonium sulfate (AS), AS mixed with succinic acid (AS/SA) and AS mixed with sucrose (AS/sucrose). SERS measurements showed strong interaction (or chemisorption) between Ag nanoparticles and surface aqueous sulfate [SO42-] with [SO42-]AS/sucrose > [SO42-]AS/SA > [SO42-]AS. Enhanced spectra of the solid AS and AS/SA particles revealed the formation of surface-adsorbed water on their surfaces at 60% relative humidity. These observations of surface aqueous sulfate and adsorbed water demonstrate a possible role of surface-adsorbed water in facilitating the dissolution of sulfate from the bulk phase into its water layer(s). Submicron ambient aerosol particles collected in Hong Kong exhibited non-enhanced features of black carbon and enhanced features of sulfate and organic matter (carbonyl group), indicating an enrichment of sulfate and organic matter on the particle surface.
关键词： Electrospray-Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy,succinic acid,atmospherically relevant particles,surface chemical compositions,ES-SERS,sucrose,Ag nanoparticles,surface-adsorbed water,organic matter,ammonium sulfate,black carbon
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46