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Analysis of alloy and solar cells with double-pulse calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
摘要： We applied variant of calibration free laser induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) approach for the compositional analysis of standard Gd/Ge/Si alloy and solar cells. The double pulse laser induced plasma was produced on the sample surface and the emission spectra were recorded at optimized interpulse delay and energy ratio. The Plasma temperature, determined using Boltzmann plot, was used to determine the concentration of all species present in a sample. The results are compared with reference values as well as conventional CF-LIBS results, which show that conventional and variant CF-LIBS results are similar and in close agreement to reference values. It is worth mention that the variant CF-LIBS results, but the approach is simpler and faster. Therefore, this approach was applied to three unknown polycrystalline silicon solar cells, which yield Al, C, Ca, Fe, In, Ti, Sb and Sn in the parts per million (ppm). This approach can potentially be applied for real-time trace monitoring in manufacturing processes of photovoltaic devices where conversion e?ciency depends strongly on impurities’ concentration.
关键词： Alloy and solar cells,Double pulse LIBS,Laser induced plasmas,Quantitative elemental analysis,Calibration free LIBS,Plasma parameters
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) - Wuhan (2018.7.25-2018.7.27)] 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) - Qualitative Elemental Analysis of Minerals Based on Energy Dispersive X - ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
摘要： The research of miniaturized XRF/XRD analyzers are carried out in this paper, especially the qualitative analysis based on EDXRF, a miniaturized energy dispersive X-ray ?uorescence spectrometry platform is designed and a qualitative elemental analysis software based on Android operating system is developed. The elemental qualitative analysis software can preprocess the X-ray feature spectrum by background eliminationsmoothing and energy coef?cient calibration, after these pretreatments, the main elements of the sample can be analyzed. The experimental results show that the qualitative elemental analysis platform proposed in this paper can measure the elements of Al to Au in the periodic table, besides, the detection accuracy of multiple samples is higher than 97%. The mineral qualitative elemental analysis software proposed in this paper can be applied to any portable analysis platform based on Android operating system, moreover, it will spur advances in the development of the miniaturization and intelligent X-ray ?uorescence spectrometer.
关键词： Fluorescence spectroscopy,EDXRF,Qualitative elemental analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Applicability of a field portable X-ray fluorescence for analyzing elemental concentration of waste samples
摘要： Determining the chemical properties of waste is crucial to ensure the most effective utilization of waste. The standard laboratory measurements can produce accurate results, but analysis is labor- and time-consuming. The variety of elements that field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FPXRF) can detect from selected waste materials was studied, including how the results compared with those of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements. The selected materials were fine fraction reject from solid recovered fuel production, fly ash, biowaste, and compost. Based on the results, FPXRF is reported to be best suited for waste samples, such as ash and compost, because of their physical properties, as follows: not too moist, quite small particle size, and not too heterogeneous. The results obtained from FPXRF showed the lowest relative standard deviation for ash material. The analysis of the limits of agreement between FPXRF and ICP-MS showed that FPXRF was mainly suitable for qualitative assessment. Furthermore, regression analysis showed a linear correlation between FPXRF and ICP-MS results for calcium and zinc in the selected materials. Keeping the limitations in mind, FPXRF could be used for qualitative analysis in waste treatment processes, such as first quality control of waste materials.
关键词： Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,Waste,Field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,Elemental analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Chemical Analysis in Cultural Heritage || 4. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in heritage science
摘要： Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a versatile analytical technique that can be used to probe the elemental composition of materials in diverse types of heritage samples, objects or monuments. The main physical principles underlying LIBS are presented along with analytical figures of merit and technical details concerning instrumentation. In practice, LIBS analysis does not require any sample preparation and the technique is nearly non-invasive, offering close to microscopic spatial resolution and the possibility for depth profile analysis. These features are, at present, available in a number of compact or transportable instruments that offer versatility and enable the use of LIBS for the analysis of a broad variety of objects/samples at diverse locations and this can be highly valuable at investigations and conservation campaigns. Representative examples are presented indicating how LIBS has been used to obtain compositional information for materials in the context of archaeological science, art history and conservation.
关键词： elemental analysis,cultural heritage,LIBS,laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Quantification of elemental composition of Granite Gneiss collected from Neelum Valley using calibration free laser-induced breakdown and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
摘要： Calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) has been employed for elemental analysis of Granite Gneiss, rock sample, collected from Neelum Valley of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. The sample was irradiated with focused laser beam from Q-switched Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser, having 532 nm wavelength and pulse width of 5 ns, and the emission spectrum was recorded with a spectrometer. Overall, ten elements viz. Si, Al, K, Fe, Sr, Ca, Mg, Na, Li, and H were identified by inspecting the characteristic emission lines. Out of ten detected elements, seven elements fulfilling the criteria of calibration-free technique, namely: Si, Al, K, Fe, Sr, Ca, and Mg, were quantified. Sample was also analyzed by employing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the results confirmed the presence of all those elements in the sample that were detected by LIBS, except Li and H. For the most abundant element Si in the Granite Gneiss sample, a significant agreement of two techniques for the quantitative results is obtained. Both the techniques have confirmed that Granite Gneiss consists mainly of Si with abundance of 72.75% and 71.30% by weight as measured by CF-LIBS and EDX, respectively. Findings of study show that for the elements with minor concentrations, quantitative results as measured with both techniques were not in close agreement.
关键词： EDX,elemental analysis,Granite Gneiss,CF-LIBS
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Quantitative analysis of saindha salt using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and cross-validation with ICP-MS
摘要： Saindha salt is considered to be more advantageous than the other edible salts for the patients suffering from diabetes, blood pressure and kidney diseases. To explore the constituent elements of this salt, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been exploited for its qualitative and quantitative analysis. The third harmonic (355 nm) of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been used to produce the saindha salt plasma and the time integrated optical emission spectra were registered using a set of six miniature spectrometers covering the spectral range of 230–805 nm. The spectroscopic analysis of the emission spectra predominately revealed numerous neutral or singly ionized emission lines of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Sr, Si, Li and Al. The laser produced plasma was characterized by calculating the electron temperature from the Boltzmann plots and the electron number density from the Stark broadened line profile as a function of laser irradiance and distance from the target sample. The relative concentration of the constituent elements was extracted by the integrated line intensities of the strongest spectral line of each element using the self-calibration-LIBS (SC-LIBS) and one-line calibration free-LIBS (OLCF-LIBS) methods. For cross-validation, the LIBS results have been compared with that obtained from the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) showing good agreement.
关键词： inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy,saindha salt,elemental analysis,one-line calibration-free LIBS,self-calibration-LIBS,plasma parameters
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Calibration-free elemental analysis combined with high repetition rate laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy
摘要： Calibration-free (CF) method combined with high repetition rate laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (HRR LA-SIBS) was ?rst utilized to realize elemental analysis of alloy samples. A compact ?ber laser operated at 30 kHz pulse repetition rate was used to ablate the sample and the spectra were recorded with a compact ?ber spectrometer in non-gated signal recording mode. Three standard aluminum alloy samples were analyzed to evaluate the performance of this technique. Median ?ltering method was applied to reduce the contribution of the continuum background to the intensity of the atomic lines. The averaged electron density was determined to be (2.36–2.49) × 1017 cm?3 according to the Stark broadening of four ionic lines. 11,800 K averaged plasma temperature was estimated from the Saha-Boltzmann plots. The plasma could be veri?ed to be in a state close to local thermodynamic equilibrium. The analytical error was < 0.5% for the major element and < 35% for minor elements with > 0.1% concentrations. It was demonstrated that CF method combined with HRR LA-SIBS was possible to realize reliable quantitative elemental analysis for aluminum alloy samples.
关键词： Calibration-free,Laser-ablation spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy,Elemental analysis,Aluminum alloy,High repetition rate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Direct Trace Element Determination in Oil and Gas Produced Waters with Inductively Coupled Plasmaa??Optical Emission Spectrometry: Advantages of High Salinity Tolerance
摘要： Waters co-produced during petroleum extraction are the largest waste streams from oil and gas development. Reuse or disposal of these waters is difficult due to their high salinities and the sheer volumes generated. Produced waters may also contain valuable mineral commodities. While an understanding of produced water trace element composition is required for evaluating the associated resource and waste potential of these materials, measuring trace elements in brines is challenging due to the dilution requirements of typical methods. Alternatively, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) has shown promise as being capable of direct measurements of trace elements within produced waters with minimal dilution. Here we evaluate direct ICP-OES trace element quantification in produced waters for seventeen trace elements (As, Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, U, V and Zn) within fifteen produced waters from five U.S. continuous reservoirs. The total analytical uncertainties associated with the trace element levels determined using ICP-OES were estimated to be better than ± 30% (2s) except for Rb, which could not be determined due to ionisation interferences. The ICP-OES results are compared with trace element levels determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry from the same samples. Our results demonstrate the potential for direct analysis of high salinity waters using ICP-OES with minimal dilution and provide trace element concentrations in waters from several important U.S. petroleum-generating reservoirs where available data are sparse.
关键词： ICP-OES,elemental analysis,hypersaline matrix,produced waters,unconventional oil and gas
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for food authentication
摘要： With the globalisation of food markets, food authentication has become a significant concern worldwide to ensure food safety and to avoid origin and quality fraud. A multi-elemental fingerprint is a powerful tool for detection of adulterants and geographical origin of foods. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique that can provide a mineral fingerprint of food products. LIBS allows a rapid, high-throughput, micro-destructive and multi-elemental analysis of a wide range of samples type. It has already been demonstrated by several authors that LIBS can be successfully used for food authentication. Although LIBS shows excellent potential for at-line or portable applications, improvement in sensitivity of trace elements detection, sample preparation, data analysis and instrument miniaturisation are needed.
关键词： LIBS,Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,multi-elemental analysis,food authentication,fraud detection
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Modeling of 1D Au plasmonic grating as efficient gas sensor
摘要： Gas-sensor reported here consist of a sensingchip of a metallic grating designed on gold (Au) film over a glass substrate which has been modelled using finite element analysis (FEA). The Au is layered in the form of horizontal nano-strips with a periodic nano-sized gap known as slit-width. The transverse magnetic (TM) light illuminates the metallic films from substrate side at normal incidence. The transmission loss spectrums have been extracted for 0th order diffraction for different physical interpretations. The several combinations of periodicity and slit width have been optimized by taking slit width as half of periodicity. The refractive index sensitivity achieved at optimal geometrical parameters is noteworthy and it is reported to be 599 (nm/RIU) at a spatial period of 660 nm. The novel theoretical results has been supported by far field and near field analysis. The design suggested in this report is important becuase of the wavelength range that lie in the visible region where most of the real life spectrometers works. Such sensors can be applicable in industries for detection of toxic gases and harmful metallic pieces in atmosphere.
关键词： Resonance,Gas Sensor,Surface Plasmons resonance,Finite Elemental Analysis (FEA),Sensitivity
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22