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Using Deep Learning with Large Dataset of Microscope Images to Develop an Automated Embryo Grading System
摘要： The assessment of embryo viability for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is mainly based on subjective visual analysis, with the limitation of intra- and inter-observer variation and a time-consuming task. In this study, we used deep learning with large dataset of microscopic embryo images to develop an automated grading system for embryo assessment. This study included a total of 171,239 images from 16,201 embryos of 4,146 IVF cycles at Stork Fertility Center (https://www.e-stork.com.tw) from March 6, 2014 to April 13, 2018. The images were captured by inverted microscope (Zeiss Axio Observer Z1) at 112 to 116 hours (Day 5) or 136 to 140 hours (Day 6) after fertilization. Using a pre-trained network trained on the ImageNet dataset as convolution base, we applied Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on embryo images, using ResNet50 architecture to fine-tune ImageNet parameters. The predicted grading results was compared with the grading results from trained embryologists to evaluate the model performance. The images were labeled by trained embryologists, based on Gardner’s grading system: blastocyst development ranking from 3–6, ICM quality as A, B, or C; and TE quality as a, b, or c. After pre-processing, the images were divided into training, validation, and test groups, in which 60% were allocated to the training group, 20% to the validation group, and 20% to the test group. The ResNet50 algorithm was trained on the 60% images allocated to the training group, and the algorithm’s performance was evaluated using the 20% images allocated to the test group. The results showed an average predictive accuracy of 75.36% for the all three grading categories: 96.24% for blastocyst development, 91.07% for ICM quality, and 84.42% for TE quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of an automatic embryo grading system using large dataset from Asian population. Combing the promising results obtained in this study with time-lapse microscope system integrated with IVF Electronic Medical Record platform, a fully automated and non-invasive pipeline for embryo assessment will be achieved.
关键词： Embryo Grading,Machine Learning,Embryo Image,Artificial Intelligence
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Value-adding of organosolv lignin: Designing mechanically robust UV-resistant polymeric glass via ARGET ATRP
摘要： To date, very few studies have reported on the relationship between live birth gender and embryo development kinetics. This study included 1735 women undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection by using a time-lapse system. Finally, a total of 228 qualified patients with 100% implantation and known live birth information were included in the analysis. There were 174 male live births and 134 female live births. The time to 3 (t3), 4 (t4), and 5 (t5) cell development of male embryos was significantly shorter/earlier than female embryos (P < 0.05). The duration of the second cell cycle (cc2) in male embryos was significantly shorter than female embryos (P = 0.002). Multivariate logistic regression showed that only t3 had a significant correlation with live birth gender; the odds ratio (OR) was 0.786, 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.625–0.988 (P < 0.05). When morphokinetic parameters were divided into groups based on quartiles, embryos within the sex ranges were observed to have significantly different proportions of male and female live births (P < 0.05). The results showed that t3 (<14 h) was the most relevant parameter related to live birth gender (OR 2.452, 95% CI 1.071–5.612, P = 0.03). These findings support the idea that embryo morphokinetic parameters were affected by the sex of the embryo. Currently, embryologists use embryo morphokinetics to establish models of development, in order to improve accurate selection of viable embryos. Thus, this factor needs to be considered when embryologists use embryo morphokinetics to select embryos.
关键词： live birth gender,time-lapse,embryo selection,embryo cleavage kinetics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Probing Cell Mechanics with Bead-Free Optical Tweezers in the <em>Drosophila</em> Embryo
摘要： Morphogenesis requires coordination between genetic patterning and mechanical forces to robustly shape the cells and tissues. Hence, a challenge to understand morphogenetic processes is to directly measure cellular forces and mechanical properties in vivo during embryogenesis. Here, we present a setup of optical tweezers coupled to a light sheet microscope, which allows to directly apply forces on cell-cell contacts of the early Drosophila embryo, while imaging at a speed of several frames per second. This technique has the advantage that it does not require the injection of beads into the embryo, usually used as intermediate probes on which optical forces are exerted. We detail step by step the implementation of the setup, and propose tools to extract mechanical information from the experiments. By monitoring the displacements of cell-cell contacts in real time, one can perform tension measurements and investigate cell contacts' rheology.
关键词： Drosophila embryo,Developmental Biology,in vivo imaging,optical tweezers,Light sheet microscopy,force measurements,Issue 141,cell mechanics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Compact, a??Clickablea?? Quantum Dots Photoligated with Multifunctional Zwitterionic Polymers for Immunofluorescence and In-Vivo Imaging
摘要： We detail the preparation of highly fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), surface-engineered with multifunctional polymer ligands that are compact, readily compatible with strain-promoted click conjugation, and the use of these nanocrystals in immunofluorescence and in-vivo imaging. The ligand design combines the benefits of mixed coordination (i.e., thiol and imidazole) with molecular-scale zwitterion motifs, yielding sterically-stabilized and compact QDs that present a controllable number of azide groups, for easy conjugation to biomolecules via the efficient and selective click chemistry. The polymer coating was characterized using NMR spectroscopy to extract estimates of the diffusion coefficient, hydrodynamic size and ligand density. The azide-functionalized QDs were conjugated to anti-tropomyosin receptor kinase B antibody (α-TrkB), or to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These conjugates were highly effective for labeling the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in pyramidal neurons within cortical tissue and for monitoring the BDNF induced activation of TrkB signaling in live neuronal cells. Finally, the polymer-coated QDs were applied for in vivo imaging of Drosophila Melanogaster embryo, where the QDs remain highly fluorescent and colloidally stable, with no measurable cytotoxicity. These materials would be of great use in various imaging applications, where small size, ease of conjugation and great colloidal stability for in vivo studies are needed.
关键词： click chemistry,BDNF/TrkB,polymers,surface functionalization,embryo imaging,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Visualising the Cardiovascular System of Embryos of Biomedical Model Organisms with High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM)
摘要： The article will briefly introduce the high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) technique and will focus on its potential for researching cardiovascular development and remodelling in embryos of biomedical model organisms. It will demonstrate the capacity of HREM for analysing the cardiovascular system of normally developed and genetically or experimentally malformed zebrafish, frog, chick and mouse embryos in the context of the whole specimen and will exemplarily show the possibilities HREM offers for comprehensive visualisation of the vasculature of adult human skin. Finally, it will provide examples of the successful application of HREM for identifying cardiovascular malformations in genetically altered mouse embryos produced in the deciphering the mechanisms of developmental disorders (DMDD) program.
关键词： episcopic,phenotyping,HREM,high resolution episcopic microscopy,chick,imaging,embryo,3D,developmental biology,mouse
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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High-speed quantitative 3D imaging by dual-illumination holographic microscopy
摘要： A new blood flow imaging (BFI) technique using digital holography with double illumination of the sample is proposed. We imaged the moving red blood cells (RBCs) using a two microscope objective lenses setup. The setup consists in a larger angle of separation (90 (cid:1)) between the two illumination beams, allowing a wider angular rotation at good z resolution. Moreover, the setup geometry allows an easier displacement of the sample in all directions. Results show that this technique is able to perform phase-shifting reconstruction for the two beams at the same time which is more suitable for the future implementation of live 3D holography. Experimental results are carried out for the verification of the effectiveness of the proposed technique on a zebrafish larvae sample.
关键词： preclinical models,red blood cells,fish embryo,holography,microcirculation
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Flow Cytometry - Select Topics || Sperm Flow Cytometry: Beyond Human Fertilization and Embryo Development
摘要： Male infertily is a contributing factor in up to 50% of all infertility cases, a solo cause in about 30% of them. Therefore, new and improved diagnostic methods that reduce operator variability regarding sperm defects that are not accesible by the conventional microscope scoring should be evaluated. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been involved in the description of alternative pathways in basic cellular functions. it is important to know that it is also related to the peri-implantatory processes that involve the sperm-oocyte interaction, cellular changes observed during fertilization, and the early and late embryo development. Several pathways have been involved at the early stages of human gametogenesis. The spermatozoon has demonstrated an intricate correlation during the fertilization process, as a transfected vector on genetic material, and as interacting with other inner components (RNAm, mitochondrial organelles, etc.). Spermatogenesis is affected by programmed death cell pathways from its packaging process through the elongated cytoplasmic structures during spermiogenesis. Flow cytometry (FC) has been an outstanding tool with the capability to select human gametes to achieve a better reproductive condition. It has been applied as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool allowing a measurable and objective selection and discrimination of spermatozoa from subfertile subjects. Using FC, we are able to know that early distribution of organelles such as mitochondria has an impact in embryo quality before genetic activation on the eight-cell stages occurs. This chapter will let the readers know the current knowledge on sperm fertilization and the relation between the embryo development and the offspring and all the tools now available for an early diagnosis and to identify therapeutic options with FC.
关键词： apoptosis,flow cytometry,spermatozoa,sperm,DNA fragmentation,embryo development,fertilization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46