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Enhanced dielectric strength and energy storage density in BaTi0.7Zr0.3O3 ceramics via spark plasma sintering
摘要： Barium zirconate titanate (BaTi0.7Zr0.3O3) ceramics were prepared via spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional solid-state sintering (CS). Both samples exhibited single phase nature as confirmed from the X-ray diffraction analysis. Compared with CS sample, more homogeneous microstructure with smaller grain size was observed in the SPS sample, which greatly improved the dielectric strength of BaTi0.7Zr0.3O3 ceramics from 40 (CS) to 170 kV/cm (SPS). Although the polarization of SPS sample was lower than that of CS sample under the same applied electric field, the maximum energy storage density was improved to 0.51 J/cm3, which was about 4.5 times higher than that of the CS sample (0.12 J/cm3). Moreover, finite element simulation on the local dielectric field distribution was carried out, and the effects of microstructure on the dielectric strength were further confirmed.
关键词： BaTi0.7Zr0.3O3,energy storage density,spark plasma sintering,dielectric strength
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry || Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)
摘要： Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was developed for analyzing 14C in environmental and archeological specimens in the 1970s (although it was first demonstrated in the 1930s). It is now principally used to measure only a handful of isotopes, although it is feasible to apply it to many additional analytes. AMS represents the marriage of high-energy physics with radioanalytical chemistry and finds applications in geoscience, environmental analysis, archeology, cosmochemistry, biosciences, medicine, material science, nuclear chemistry, and physics. AMS employs a high-energy tandem accelerator to raise ion energies to the mega-electron-volt (MeV) range and enable complete destruction and avoidance of isobaric interferences. Typical AMS is thus capable of measuring very small isotope ratios, typically in the range of 10^-15 (atomic ratio). Isotopes of interest include 14C, 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, and 129I. Measured rare/natural ratios for these isotopes fall well below the 1–10^-9 range measured with other mass spectrometers (except for laser-based systems with resonance ionization techniques, which can match the range of the AMS).
关键词： radioanalytical chemistry,AMS,high-energy physics,isotopes,Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Detection of single holes generated by impact ionization in silicon
摘要： We propose a method for the observation of the electron-initiated impact ionization process in Si, which is potentially capable of detecting individual impact ionization events. This method detects holes generated by the impact ionization with single charge sensitivity. We demonstrate the method at 8 K by detecting the chain of single holes generated for a constant electron-injection current with the injection-energy threshold close to the Si bandgap energy.
关键词： silicon,electron-initiated,single holes,impact ionization,bandgap energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Potential of solar central tower systems for thermal applications in the production chain of copper by pyrometallurgical route
摘要： Copper is an indispensable input element in most economic sectors. However, its production chain has significant and adverse consequences on the environment. Through pyrometallurgical route it is estimated that each kilogram of refined copper consumes 33 MJ and generates a footprint of 3.3 kg of CO2. Primary production projections for 2019 amount to 26,500 kT, of which 79% will be by pyrometallurgical route. It is a responsibility of the industry to makes the process more environmental friendly. This can be done replacing the current energy matrix by the use of renewable energy. In this first and preliminary work we are evaluating the technical potential to integrate Central Tower Plants (CTP) into the smelting stage as a solar energy source. According to the mineral books and the irradiation maps, almost 20% of the current production can be match with these solar concentration systems because of the irradiance levels available where the metallurgical plants are located. The incorporation of a CTP in the world largest copper metallurgical facility to substitute the current fossil fuel energy supply could demand a capacity of 68 MWt. This last consideration obeys to the weighted average of the specific energy consumption gave by the Chilean Copper Commission COCHILCO. However, the results of this work indicate that the behavior of this change in the operative parameters could reduce the 68 MWt almost in a half.
关键词： solar central tower systems,copper production,renewable energy,pyrometallurgical route,thermal applications
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Deploying enclosed trough for thermal EOR at commercial scale
摘要： Solar energy, in the form of enclosed trough direct steam generation, is now being deployed at scale to supply a portion of the energy demand for thermal enhanced oil recovery in Amal, Oman. Construction of the 1,021 MW Miraah project is well along and progress in cost reduction and labor productivity are evaluated. Results from the successful Manufacturing Verification Test and the Miraah Solar Steam Generator Project are presented and discussed. The Miraah data shows substantial reductions in material usage as a result of improved designs, increases in construction speed, and reductions in labor per unit of construction with deployment of enhanced tooling.
关键词： labor productivity,enclosed trough,thermal enhanced oil recovery,cost reduction,solar energy,direct steam generation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - MicroSol-R: Versatile solar facility for research and industry
摘要： Since February 2016, a new CSP micro-power plant called “MicroSol-R” is in operation at PROMES-CNRS. This platform aims at developing research and innovation in the field of heat transfer fluids, thermal energy storage, solar thermal power conversion at small scale, power plant operation strategy, etc. In addition, it was designed to be a useful tool for training. MicroSol-R is a versatile facility open to collaboration with industry and laboratories. This paper presents the facility and first results after one year of operation. The performances and characteristics of the solar field, the thermocline heat storage and the organic Rankine cycle are presented.
关键词： CSP,thermal energy storage,solar thermal power,heat transfer fluids,organic Rankine cycle,MicroSol-R
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRODUCTION, ENERGY AND RELIABILITY 2018: World Engineering Science & Technology Congress (ESTCON) - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (13–14 August 2018)] - Design and implementation of solar powered stirling engines: Review
摘要： Growing energy consumption leads to discovery of new technology to accommodate global energy demand. Stirling Engine is one of the traditional engine which can harvest solar energy with minimal modification on the configuration. This paper covers literature review on Solar Powered Stirling Engine technology. The development of traditional Stirling Engine will be discussed on earlier part. The second part covers the integration of solar power with Stirling Engine and application of this combined system in industry. There were many researches and studies carried out previously on the development and application of traditional Stirling Engine and solar powered Stirling Engine. This paper is focus on optimization of performance of Solar Powered Stirling which will provide comprehensive details on the factor needed to be optimized in order to develop all rounded Solar Stirling Engine for future studies.
关键词： Stirling Engine,solar energy,optimization,Solar Powered Stirling Engine
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS SCIENCE, RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (MSREE 2018) - Changsha City, China (26–28 October 2018)] - Review of concentrating solar thermal power in China: Status quo, problems and countermeasures
摘要： Currently, the concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) has been confronted with great opportunity for further development. As a strategic emerging industry in China, the CSP meets the appeals of the Belt and Road strategy from manufacturing to practical applications. Therefore, to development the CSP in depth is of vital significance to promote power supply structure transformation, energy saving and emission reduction, as well as energy security in China. However, the development of China’s CSP industry at present is still at the initial stage, with a few problems seriously hindering the large-scale and sustainable development of the industry. In view of this, this paper systematically analyzes China’s CSP industry. Firstly, it conducts a detailed research on the industry status quo. On that basis, it deeply studies the existing issues and future development trend. Finally, it puts forward a series of feasible countermeasures, laying a solid foundation for the development of the CSP industry and the transformation of energy structure in China.
关键词： Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP),China,Power Supply Structure Transformation,Renewable Energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Weak measurement and weak values — New insights and effects in reflectivity and scattering processes
摘要： Recently, the notions of Weak Measurement (WM), Weak Value (WV) and Two-State-Vector Formalism (TSVF), firstly introduced by Aharonov and collaborators, have extended the theoretical frame of standard quantum mechanics, thus providing a quantum-theoretical formalism for extracting new information from a system in the limit of small disturbance to its state. Here we provide an application to the case of two-body scattering with one body weakly interacting with its environment — e.g. a neutron being scattered from a H2 molecule physisorbed in a carbon nanotube. In particular, we make contact with the field of incoherent inelastic neutron scattering from condensed systems. We provide a physically compelling prediction of a new quantum effect — a momentum transfer deficit; or equivalently, an enhanced energy transfer; or an apparent reduction of the mass of the struck particle. E.g., when a neutron collides with a H2 molecule in a C-nanotube and excites its translational motion along the nanotube, it apparently exchanges energy and momentum with a fictitious particle with mass of 0.64 atomic mass units. Experimental results are shown and discussed in the new theoretical frame. The effect under consideration has no conventional interpretation, thus also supporting the novelty of the quantum theoretical framework of WV and TVSF. Some speculative remarks about possible applications being of technological interest (fuel cells and hydrogen storage; Li+ batteries; information and communication technology) are shortly mentioned.
关键词： energy transfer,mass reduction,neutron scattering,momentum transfer deficit,Two-State-Vector Formalism,Weak Value,Weak Measurement
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Solar plant with short diffuser concept: Further improvement of numerical model by included influence of guide vane topology on shape and stability of gravitational vortex
摘要： An alternative renewable energy concept, i.e. the concept of a solar power plant with short diffuser (SPD), was numerically investigated by more advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Developed model is characterized by a more sophisticated and streamlined guide vane topology. The main novelty of this work is conducted optimization of the guide vane topology, for a specific novel application related to the alternative renewable energy concept (SPD). Optimization involved determining the required guide vane topology using minimal number of geometry influencing parameters. The objective was to result in vortex genesis and stabilization with respect to the desired circumferential velocity and to minimize the required pressure potential that is necessary for stable operation of the SDP plant. Provided numerical investigation was necessary, and for sure a step forward towards consideration of the experimental plant (which will assume introduction of the turbines). It needs to be taken into account that we deal with complex flow structure that requires gradual numerical investigation, in order to be able to get detail insight in the various influences and processes that can strongly affect SPD operating parameters. The guide vane topology was altered to develop an SPD capable of establishing and maintaining a stable gravitational vortex in pressure ranges which resemble atmospheric vortex phenomena (feasible for development of a compact system, and with maximal velocities in chimney throat regions below 20 m s?1). The study outlines nine cases, each representing the altered guide vane design, where the best case is determined and compared with the available experimental data from other research groups. The comparison indicates that the numerical model, although quite simple, is accurate and robust in predicting the distribution of local velocity and pressure profiles and fit for implementation on wind turbines in order to determine the influence of the installed turbines on the vortex shape and stability in a future study. An important finding is that the swirl ratio can be manipulated by altering the guide vane shape, and it is independent of the Reynolds number (which will be important during the design phase since it can be used as a control strategy for vortex genesis and as a prevention of unintentional genesis regarding additional multiple vortices). The gained numerical results revealed specific operating conditions that will ensure a safer environment around the SPD and that will enable a carbon free electricity production.
关键词： Solar power plant,Numerical modelling,Carbon-free electricity production,Thermodynamics,Vortices,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14