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Inter-brain synchrony in mother-child dyads during cooperation: An fNIRS hyperscanning study
摘要： Coordinated brain activity between individuals, or inter-brain synchrony, has been shown to increase during cooperation and correlate with cooperation success. However, few studies have examined parent-child inter-brain synchrony and whether it is associated with meaningful aspects of the parent-child relationship. Here, we measured inter-brain synchrony in the right prefrontal (PFC) and temporal cortices in mother-child dyads while they engaged in a cooperative and independent task. We tested whether inter-brain synchrony in mother-child dyads (1) increases during cooperation, (2) differs in mother-son versus mother-daughter dyads, and (3) is related to cooperation performance and the attachment relationship. Overall inter-brain synchrony in the right hemisphere, and the right dorsolateral and frontopolar PFC in particular, was higher during cooperation. Mother-son dyads showed less inter-brain synchrony during the independent task and a stronger increase in synchrony in response to cooperation than mother-daughter dyads. Lastly, we did not find strong evidence for links between inter-brain synchrony and child attachment. Mother-child cooperation may increase overall inter-brain synchrony, although differently for mother-son versus mother-daughter dyads. More research is needed to better understand the potential role of overall inter-brain synchrony in mother-child cooperation, and the potential link between inter-brain synchrony and attachment.
关键词： fNIRS hyperscanning,inter-brain synchrony,mother-child attachment,cooperation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) - Miyazaki, Japan (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) - Monitoring Pilot's Cognitive Fatigue with Engagement Features in Simulated and Actual Flight Conditions Using an Hybrid fNIRS-EEG Passive BCI
摘要： There is growing interest for implementing tools to monitor cognitive performance in naturalistic environments. Recent technological progress has allowed the development of new generations of brain imaging systems such as dry electrodes electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate cortical activity in a variety of human tasks out of the laboratory. These highly portable brain imaging devices offer interesting prospects to implement passive brain computer interfaces (pBCI) and neuroadaptive technology. We developed a fNIRS-EEG based pBCI to monitor cognitive fatigue using engagement related features (EEG engagement ratio and wavelet coherence fNIRS based metrics). This mental state is known to impair cognitive performance and can jeopardize flight safety. In this preliminary study, four participants were asked to perform four identical traffic patterns along with a secondary auditory task in a flight simulator and in an actual light aircraft. The two first traffic patterns were considered as the low cognitive fatigue class, whereas the two last traffic patterns were considered as the high cognitive fatigue class. As expected, the pilots missed more auditory targets in the second part than in the first part of the experiment. Classification accuracy reached 87.2% in the flight simulator condition and 87.6% in the actual flight conditions when combining the two modalities. This study demonstrates that fNIRS and EEG-based pBCIs can monitor mental states in operational and noisy environments.
关键词： Hybrid fNIRS-EEG BCI,Neuroergonomics,Real flight conditions,Cognitive fatigue
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise–Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review
摘要： For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be modified with physical activity. To better understand the relationship between cerebral oxygenation/hemodynamics, physical activity, and cognition, the application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is such a neuroimaging tool especially suitable to investigate the effects of physical activity/exercises on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics due to its capability to quantify changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) non-invasively in the human brain. However, currently there is no clear standardized procedure regarding the application, data processing, and data analysis of fNIRS, and there is a large heterogeneity regarding how fNIRS is applied in the field of exercise–cognition science. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing (i) prior and after different physical activities interventions, and (ii) in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants. Based on the review of the methodology of 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations for future fNIRS studies in the field of exercise–cognition science.
关键词： working memory,executive functions,cognition,physical activity,optical imaging,fNIRS
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Effects of HD-tDCS on Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Prefrontal Cortex: An fNIRS Study
摘要： Functional connectivity is linked to several degenerative brain diseases prevalent in our aging society. Electrical stimulation is used for the clinical treatment and rehabilitation of patients with many cognitive disorders. In this study, the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on resting-state brain networks in the human prefrontal cortex were investigated by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The intrahemispheric as well as interhemispheric connectivity changes induced by 1 mA HD-tDCS were examined in 15 healthy subjects. Pearson correlation coefficient-based correlation matrices were generated from filtered time series oxyhemoglobin (ΔHbO) signals and converted into binary matrices. Common graph theory metrics were computed to evaluate the network changes. Systematic interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, and intraregional connectivity analyses demonstrated that the stimulation positively affected the resting-state connectivity in the prefrontal cortex. The poststimulation connectivity was increased throughout the prefrontal region, while focal HD-tDCS effects induced an increased rate of connectivity in the stimulated hemisphere. The graph theory metrics clearly distinguished the prestimulation and poststimulation networks for a range of thresholds. The results of this study suggest that HD-tDCS can be used to increase functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex. The increase in functional connectivity can be explored clinically for neurorehabilitation of patients with degenerative brain diseases.
关键词： HD-tDCS,neurorehabilitation,fNIRS,graph theory,functional connectivity,prefrontal cortex
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Study on driver’s braking intention identification based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy
摘要： Purpose – Cooperative driving refers to a notion that intelligent system sharing controlling with human driver and completing driving task together. One of the key technologies is that the intelligent system can identify the driver’s driving intention in real time to implement consistent driving decisions. The purpose of this study is to establish a driver intention prediction model. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used the NIRx device to measure the cerebral cortex activities for identifying the driver’s braking intention. The experiment was carried out in a virtual reality environment. During the experiment, the driving simulator recorded the driving data and the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device recorded the changes in hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. After the experiment, the driver’s braking intention identi?cation model was established through the principal component analysis and back propagation neural network. Findings – The research results showed that the accuracy of the model established in this paper was 80.39 per cent. And, the model could identify the driver’s braking intent prior to his braking operation. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study was that the experimental environment was ideal and did not consider the surrounding traf?c. At the same time, other actions of the driver were not taken into account when establishing the braking intention recognition model. Besides, the veri?cation results obtained in this paper could only re?ect the results of a few drivers’ identi?cation of braking intention. Practical implications – This study can be used as a reference for future research on driving intention through fNIRS, and it also has a positive effect on the research of brain-controlled driving. At the same time, it has developed new frontiers for intention recognition of cooperative driving. Social implications – This study explores new directions for future brain-controlled driving and wheelchairs. Originality/value – The driver’s driving intention was predicted through the fNIRS device for the ?rst time.
关键词： Machine learning,Driving intention identi?cation,fNIRS,Cooperative driving
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Identification of the Pain Process by Cold Stimulation: Using Dynamic Causal Modeling of Effective Connectivity in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
摘要： Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience followed by anxiety, depression, and frustration. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an optical technique identifies the brain functional networks by investigating connectivity between functionally linked of different anatomical regions in response to pain stimulation. Methods: In this research, fNIRS was performed in order to study the difference in effective functional connectivity of the brain prefrontal cortex between the two modes of pain and rest based on the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) method. Effective functional connectivity changes in the prefrontal cortex between pain and rest states were calculated using DCM approach to investigate (1) areas known for pain sensation and (2) to analyze inter-network functional connectivity strength (FCS) by selecting several brain functional networks based on the analysis findings. All analyses were performed using toolboxes SPM-fNIRS and SPM8, Matlab software. Results: Regional hemodynamics changes caused deoxyhemoglobin concentration to decrease in the prefrontal cortex of both hemispheres, particularly on the right side. We found a simultaneous increase in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere in comparison to the right hemisphere, that there was a trend toward reduction in oxyhemoglobin concentration. The results indicate that during the cold pain stimulation, the connectivities between prefrontal cortex regions were significantly changed. Specifically, a significantly consistent increase in the RPFC to MPFC connectivity was found while a significant consistent decrease was observed in the both MPFC to LPFC and LPFC to MPFC connectivities. Conclusion: This study contributes to the pain research field to identify the directionality and causality of neuronal connections in the prefrontal cortex by applying DCM to fNIRS data. The results suggest that the proposed method infers directional interactions between hidden neuronal states in the brain under neuronal dynamic conditions based on optical density changes measurement.
关键词： Diagnosing pain,Neurology,Effective connectivity,Brain mapping,Dynamic causal modeling,fNIRS,Pain
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Aging effects on prefrontal cortex oxygenation in a posture-cognition dual-task: an fNIRS pilot study
摘要： Background: The aging process alters upright posture and locomotion control from an automatically processed to a more cortically controlled one. The present study investigated a postural-cognitive dual-task paradigm in young and older adults using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods: Twenty healthy participants (10 older adults 72 ± 3 y, 10 young adults 23 ± 3 y) performed a cognitive (serial subtractions) and a postural task (tandem stance) as single-tasks (ST) and concurrently as a dual-task (DT) while the oxygenation levels of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were measured. Results: In the cognitive task, young adults performed better than older adults in both conditions (ST and DT) and could further increase the number of correct answers from ST to DT (all ps ≤ 0.027) while no change was found for older adults. No significant effects were found for the postural performance. Cerebral oxygenation values (O2Hb) increased significantly from baseline to the postural ST (p = 0.033), and from baseline to the DT (p = 0.031) whereas no changes were found in deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb). Finally, the perceived exertion differed between all conditions (p ≤ 0.003) except for the postural ST and the DT (p = 0.204). Conclusions: There was a general lack of age-related changes except the better cognitive performance under motor-cognitive conditions in young compared to older adults. However, the current results point out that DLPFC is influenced more strongly by postural than cognitive load. Future studies should assess the different modalities of cognitive as well as postural load.
关键词： Attention,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS),Postural control,Aging,Dual-tasking,Executive control,Balance,Elderly
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Validating attentive locomotion training using interactive treadmill: an fNIRS study
摘要： Background: Existing treadmill-based locomotion training, which has been used for gait function recovery, still has limitations, such as less attentive training. Interactive treadmills (ITMs) were developed to overcome these limitations, but it has not yet been verified that ITMs can make the user pay closer attention to walk training. Methods: An experimental comparison between ITMs and conventional treadmills was conducted by measuring the level of the user’s attention using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). To consider the effect of task complexity on the subject’s attention, we provided two (slow and fast) speed conditions for walking on both treadmills. Results: Both the cortical activity images and oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) changes showed that the level of attention to walking induced by the ITM was significantly higher than that induced by the conventional treadmill. We found that the walking speed on the ITM also affected the level of attention. Conclusion: ITM-based locomotion training would be a promising solution to the limitations of existing treadmill-based locomotion training currently used to improve gait function recovery.
关键词： Gait training,Attention,Interactive treadmill (ITM),Task complexity,fNIRS,Walking speed
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Integration of spectroscopy and imaging to optimize evaluation of voiding dysfunction
摘要： Voiding dysfunction occurs due to the interplay of anatomic, physiologic and functional elements. Hence, integration of new imaging and spectroscopy modalities offers the potential for improving patient assessment by enabling the causal structural defects, formal staging of pelvic floor dysfunction and underlying physiologic mechanisms to be better defined. The purpose of this review is to outline the limitations of current imaging, and highlight the advantages of newer technologies in the evaluation of patients with voiding dysfunction due to loss of structural integrity of the pelvic floor.
关键词： fMRI,pelvis,MRI,prolapse,voiding dysfunction,fNIRS,NIRS,MRO
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
摘要： Concurrent brain recordings of two or more interacting persons, an approach termed hyperscanning, are gaining increasing importance for our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of social interactions, and possibly interpersonal relationships. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is well suited for conducting hyperscanning experiments because it measures local hemodynamic effects with a high sampling rate and, importantly, it can be applied in natural settings, not requiring strict motion restrictions. In this article, we present a protocol for conducting fNIRS hyperscanning experiments with parent-child dyads and for analyzing brain-to-brain synchrony. Furthermore, we discuss critical issues and future directions, regarding the experimental design, spatial registration of the fNIRS channels, physiological influences and data analysis methods. The described protocol is not specific to parent-child dyads, but can be applied to a variety of different dyadic constellations, such as adult strangers, romantic partners or siblings. To conclude, fNIRS hyperscanning has the potential to yield new insights into the dynamics of the ongoing social interaction, which possibly go beyond what can be studied by examining the activities of individual brains.
关键词： neuroscience,brain-to-brain synchrony,cooperation,fNIRS,parent-child interaction,hyperscanning,functional near-infrared spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36