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A comparison of NCT, Goldman application tonometry values with and without fluorescein
摘要： Purpose: The aim of the study was to statistically compare intraocular pressure (IOP) values measured using noncontact tonometer (NCT), Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) with fluorescein (fGAT), and GAT without fluorescein (nGAT). The study was also performed to test whether the values obtained using each technique change in accordance with the central corneal thickness (CCT) and refractive and keratometric values. Study design: This study was a prospective study of 188 eyes of 94 healthy volunteers. Methods: IOP was measured using fGAT, nGAT and NCT. CCT, refractive values, and keratometric values were measured, and the correlations and differences in the IOP for each tonometer were investigated. Results: The mean IOP values obtained with the NCT, nGAT, and fGAT were 17.5±3.7, 12.3±2.7, and 12.5±2 mmHg. The mean CCT was 538.2±34.4 μm, the mean refractive value was 0.9±1.2 D, and the mean keratometric value was 43.5±1.5 D. NCT was positively correlated with fGAT and GAT values and was significantly higher than both the values. There were no differences between fGAT and GAT values. No correlation was observed between the CCT and keratometric and refractive values and the difference between NCT and nGAT or fGAT. Conclusion: Differences in the measurements obtained using nGAT and fGAT were insignificant (P.0.05). Both values were positively correlated with NCT measurements (r =0.354, P,0.05) and were independent of CCT, keratometry, and refraction values. nGAT appears to be suitable for use in routine clinic practice.
关键词： central corneal thickness,Goldmann applanation tonometry,intraocular pressure,refractive value,noncontact tonometry,fluorescein
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Role of OCT Angiography in the Detection of Retinal Vascular and Macular Abnormalities in Subjects with Asteroid Hyalosis
摘要： Purpose: To study the role of Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Angiography (OCTA) in detecting retinal vascular and macular abnormalities as compared to Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) in subjects with Asteroid hyalosis (AH). Methods: In a prospective study, patients with AH underwent OCTA and FFA. AH graded as Grade 1 in 8 (optic disc, second order vessels visible), Grade 2 in 4 (optic disc, first-order vessels visible), Grade 3 in 11 (hazy view of optic disc) and Grade 4 (no view of fundus) in 2 eyes. Results: A total of 20 patients (25 eyes) with AH were included. In comparison to FFA, OCTA was able to similarly detect Diabetic Retinopathy changes such as Neovascularization, microaneurysms, capillary dropout, and foveal avascular zone extent in vascular occlusion in all grades of AH. Conclusion: OCTA, a noninvasive imaging tool, could detect various retinal vascular and macular abnormalities in patients with all grades of AH in comparison to FFA.
关键词： Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA),macular abnormalities,OCT angiography (OCTA),asteroid hyalosis,retinal vascular abnormalities
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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An update on inflammatory choroidal neovascularization: epidemiology, multimodal imaging, and management
摘要： Inflammatory choroidal neovascular membranes are challenging to diagnose and manage. A number of uveitic entities may be complicated by the development of choroidal neovascularization leading to a decrease in central visual acuity. In conditions such as punctate inner choroidopathy, development of choroidal neovascularization is extremely common and must be suspected in all cases. On the other hand, in patients with conditions such as serpiginous choroiditis, and multifocal choroiditis, it may be difficult to differentiate between inflammatory choroiditis lesions and choroidal neovascularization. Multimodal imaging analysis, including the recently introduced technology of optical coherence tomography angiography, greatly aid in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization. Management of these neovascular membranes consists of anti-vascular growth factor agents, with or without concomitant anti-inflammatory and/or corticosteroid therapy.
关键词： Posterior uveitis,angiography,Choroiditis,Uveitis,Fluorescein angiography,Optical coherence tomography angiography,EDI-OCT,Indocyanine green,Inflammatory choroidal neovascularization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Peripheral Vascular Leakage Findings of Asymptomatic Eyes Based on Fluorescein Angiography
摘要： Purpose: To report peripheral vascular retinal leakage findings of asymptomatic eyes based on fluorescein angiography, and investigate the associated factors. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from 47 subjects (94 eyes) and the peripheral leakage results based on fluorescein angiography were analyzed. The relationship between peripheral leakage findings and other factors including- arm-retinal circulation time (ARCT) and venous filling time (VFT), refractive error, age, hypertension, and diabetes- was evaluated. Results: Ten eyes had peripheral leakage (21.3%). The mean age was 34.7 ± 7.86 years in the non-leakage group and 44.3 ± 9.63 years in the leakage group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The mean spherical equivalent was -2.85 ± 2.71 diopter in the non-leakage group and -3.46 ± 3.62 diopter in the leakage group; the difference between the groups were not significant (p = 0.471). The mean ARCT was 10.50 ± 2.06 seconds in the non-leakage group and 11.76 ± 2.47 seconds in the leakage group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.041). The mean VFT was 9.70 ± 1.91 seconds in the non-leakage group and 10.75 ± 1.40 seconds in the leakage group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Peripheral leakage can be found in asymptomatic eyes. Age, VFT, and ARCT were correlated to peripheral leakage findings based on angiography. These leakage findings were thought to be related with histological properties and physiological changes in peripheral retina.
关键词： Arm-retinal circulation time,Peripheral leakage,Fluorescein angiography,Venous filling time
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Detecting intracellular thiol redox state in leukaemia and heterogeneous immune cell populations: An optimised protocol for digital flow cytometers
摘要： Flow cytometric methods for detecting and quantifying reduced intracellular thiol content using fluorescein-5-maleimide (F5M) in viable eukaryotic cells date back to 1983 (Durand and Olive [1]). There has been little development in these methodologies since that time, a period that has witnessed huge technological advances, particularly with the emergence of digital multi-parameter flow cytometric systems. Concurrent advancement in our understanding of redox regulation within eukaryotic cellular systems has also followed, whereby it is now accepted that cysteine thiols partake in redox reactions, which regulate protein activity and function (Groitl and Jakob (2014), Won et al. (2012)). Moreover, we are at the dawn of a new era in redox biology whereby the importance of 'reductive stress' in eukaryotic cellular systems is gathering momentum (Wadley et al. (2018) [4]). It is therefore critical that methods be continually advanced to better understand these concepts in more detail at the cellular level. Flow cytometry is a powerful technique that may be used for this purpose. Henceforth we have rejuvenated these methods to address modern scientific questions. In this paper, essential detail is provided on: The adaption of a protocol initially described by Durand and Olive [1] for use with modern digital flow cytometer configurations. Here we provide optimal conditions for labelling intracellular thiols with F5M for detection using digital flow cytometers. Our modifications avoid the use of methanol fixation thus preserving cell viability in single cell suspension cultures. Demonstration that flow cytometry can detect the gain and loss of reduced intracellular thiols in cells exposed to physiological doses of hydrogen peroxide mediated by glucose oxidase (Hole et al. (2013) [5]). Validation of F5M protein labelling by coupling method to confocal microscopy and downstream proteomics, thus permitting a powerful experimental platform for potential use with next generation flow cytometry e.g. CyTOF (Lin and Maecker (2018) [6]).
关键词： Fluorescein-5 maleimide,Reactive oxygen species,Oxidative stress,Reductive stress,Flow cytometry
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Highly-efficient, Chemically-stable, UV/blue Light Excitable Biluminescent Security Ink to Combat Counterfeiting
摘要： A strategy has been demonstrated to design a biluminescent security ink using Eu(TTA)3Phen (ETP) and fluorescein for protecting the currency and other essential documents viz. passport, bank cheque, certificates against counterfeiting. Biluminescent security ink exhibits strong red and green emission under 367 and 445 nm excitations, respectively. As it is quite challenging to prepare a material that possesses two prominent (green and red) and distinguishable colors upon excitation with two separate LEDs sources, emitting at different wavelengths, the biluminescent security ink would be hard to counterfeit as compared to the existing luminescent security ink that exhibits single color under UV light exposure. To check its feasibility for security application the patterns printed out using biluminescent security ink were kept under a hot and humid atmosphere for 150 days. Also, the ETP and fluorescein fluorophores were exposed to UV light for a prolonged time, which do not show any sign of deterioration in their luminescence intensities. Furthermore, to check their chemical stability printed patterns were also exposed to chemicals which have potential to wiped-out ink viz. detergent, ethanol, acetone, and sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution and noticed that it is well stable against these chemicals. Because of the reasons mentioned above and easy availability of 367 and 445 nm LEDs at low cost, authors believe that the application of this biluminescent security ink can trigger to realize the full potential of this advanced security feature in detecting fake currency.
关键词： luminescence,lanthanide,security ink,anticounterfeiting,fluorescein
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A novel fluorescein-bisphosphonate based diagnostic tool for the detection of hydroxyapatite in both cell and tissue models
摘要： A rapid and efficient method for the detection of hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been developed which shows superiority to existing well-established methods. This fluorescein-bisphosphonate probe is highly selective for HAP over other calcium minerals and is capable of detecting lower levels of calcification in cellular models than either hydrochloric acid-based calcium leaching assays or the Alizarin S stain. The probe has been shown to be effective in both in vitro vascular calcification models and in vitro bone calcification models. Moreover we have demonstrated binding of this probe to vascular calcification in rat aorta and to areas of microcalcification, in human vascular tissue, beyond the resolution of computed tomography in human atherosclerotic plaques. Fluorescein-BP is therefore a highly sensitive and specific imaging probe for the detection of vascular calcification, with the potential to improve not only ex vivo assessments of HAP deposition but also the detection of vascular microcalcification in humans.
关键词： Alizarin S,fluorescein-bisphosphonate,hydroxyapatite,vascular calcification,calcium leaching assays
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Retinal Vessel Detection in Wide-Field Fluorescein Angiography with Deep Neural Networks: A Novel Training Data Generation Approach
摘要： Retinal blood vessel detection is a crucial step in automatic retinal image analysis. Recently, deep neural networks have significantly advanced the state of the art for retinal blood vessel detection in color fundus (CF) images. Thus far, similar gains have not been seen in fluorescein angiography (FA) because the FA modality is entirely different from CF and annotated training data has not been available for FA imagery. We address retinal vessel detection in wide-field FA images with generative adversarial networks (GAN) via a novel approach for generating training data. Using a publicly available dataset that contains concurrently acquired pairs of CF and fundus FA images, vessel maps are detected in CF images via a pre-trained neural network and registered with fundus FA images via parametric chamfer matching to a preliminary FA vessel detection map. The co-aligned pairs of vessel maps (detected from CF images) and fundus FA images are used as ground truth labeled data for de novo training of a deep neural network for FA vessel detection. Specifically, we utilize adversarial learning to train a GAN where the generator learns to map FA images to binary vessel maps and the discriminator attempts to distinguish generated vs. ground-truth vessel maps. We highlight several important considerations for the proposed data generation methodology. The proposed method is validated on VAMPIRE dataset that contains high-resolution wide-field FA images and manual annotation of vessel segments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an estimated ROC AUC of 0.9758.
关键词： retinal image analysis,Fluorescein angiography,deep learning,vessel detection,generative adversarial networks
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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The application of fluorescence techniques in meningioma surgery—a review
摘要： Surgical resections of meningiomas, the most common intracranial tumor in adults, can only be curative if radical resection is achieved. Potentially, the extent of resection could be improved, especially in complex and/or high-grade meningiomas by fluorescence-guided surgery using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), indocyanine green (ICG), or fluorescein. This review aims to summarize and evaluate these fluorescence-guided meningioma surgery techniques. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles. Additionally, we checked reference lists for further studies. Forty-eight articles were included in the final analysis. 5-ALA fluoresced with varying sensitivity and selectivity in meningiomas and in invaded bone and dura mater. Although ICG was mainly applied for video angiography, one report shows tumor fluorescence 18–28 h post-ICG injection. Lastly, the use of fluorescein could aid in the identification of tumor remnants; however, detection of dural tail is highly questionable. Fluorescence-guided meningioma surgery should be a reliable, highly specific, and sensitive technique. Despite numerous studies reporting the use of fluorescent dyes, currently, there is no evidence that these tools improve the radical resection rate and long-term recurrence-free outcome in meningioma surgery without neurological deficits. Evidence regarding the effectiveness and increased safety of resection after the application of these fluorophores is currently lacking. Future research should focus on the development of a meningioma-targeted, highly sensitive, and specific fluorophore.
关键词： Fluorescence-guided surgery,Meningioma,Indocyanine green,5-Aminolevulinic acid,Intraoperative imaging,Fluorescein
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Excited state dipole moment of the fluorescein molecule estimated from electronic absorption spectra
摘要： The solvatochromic study of fluorescein is performed in order to obtain information on both the interactions with solvents in which it is dissolved and the electro-optical parameters of the molecule in the first excited electronic state. The shifts of the visible absorption spectral band of fluorescein dissolved in several solvents were experimentally measured and correlated to solvent parameters such as the refractive index, electrical permittivity and the Kamlet-Taft parameters (hydrogen bond acidity and basicity, respectively). A quantum-mechanical study of the fluorescein molecule was additionally performed to determine some parameters of the fluorescein molecule in the ground electronic state. Following McRae's hypothesis, according to which the molecular polarizability does not change in the absorption process, the data obtained from the solvatochromic analysis and quantum-mechanical calculations were corroborated in order to estimate the dipole moment of fluorescein in its first excited electronic state.
关键词： Dipole moment in the first excited electronic state,Quantum-mechanical characterization,Solvatochromism,Fluorescein
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14