Photoactive Functional Soft Materials (Preparation, Properties, and Applications) || Photoresponsive Soft Materials Based on Reversible Proton Transfer

摘要： Proton transfer is one of the most fundamental processes in nature and numerous chemical, material, and biological processes are driven by proton transfer. For example, biological systems use proton gradient as an energy form to synthesize ATP for their biological functions; many organic reactions are catalyzed by Bronsted acids; and many materials have pH‐sensitive properties. Proton transfer is also involved in different aspects of polymer science relative to preparation, property, and processing. For example, cationic polymerizations can be initiated by proton transfer from a strong acid to a monomer. It has been reported that many polymers are sensitive to the pH (proton concentration) of the environment, and their properties including mechanical, geometrical, electric, optical, and magnetic properties, change with pH due to proton transfer between the polymers and the environment. Polymers with acid‐labile bonds have been studied for drug delivery; and photoinduced cationic polymerization using photoacid‐generators (PAGs) has been applied to photolithography.