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Photovoltaic effect of ITO/Bi <sub/>3.15</sub> Nd <sub/>0.85</sub> Ti <sub/>3</sub> O <sub/>12</sub> /Pt heterojunction structure
摘要： ITO/BNT/Pt heterojunction structure has been prepared by sol-gel method combined with dc magnetron sputtering. The BNT (Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12) films were polycrystalline with typical ferroelectric hysteresis. The ITO/BNT/Pt structure displayed photovoltaic properties with a Voc of about 0.28 V and a photocurrent of 2.4 nA. After being polarized by a + 4 V pulse, at the voltage of 0.1 V, the current was 3 × 10?8 A, while it was ?1 × 10?9 A after being polarized by a ?4 V pulse. This demonstrated the depolarization field of the BNT films played a significant role in the I–V properties of the ITO/BNT/Pt structure. Therefore, we speculated the depolarization field had influenced the photovoltaic properties.
关键词： Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12,Depolarization field,photovoltaic properties,Sol-gel
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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ZnO and TiO2 Nanostructured Dye sensitized Solar Photovoltaic Cell
摘要： The performance of nanostructured metal oxides (ZnO and TiO2) based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were investigated. Natural dye, chlorophyll extracted from fresh spinach leaves, was used as sensitizer for fabrication of the cells. ZnO was synthesized by chemical bath deposition technique.The Field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) images show hexagonal patterned ZnO nano-towers of 5 μm length and ~ 1 μm diameter. TiO2 was synthesized by sol-gel method.The FESEM images show that the TiO2 nano-rods of 2 μm length and ~ 300 nm diameter.TiO2 based DSSC was possessed better efficiency of 0.27% as compare to ZnO based DSSC of 0.13%.
关键词： Diffused Reflectance Spectra,Chlorophyll dye,Dye sensitized solar cells,Chemical and sol-gel synthesis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Efficient blue-white color luminescence with near-ultraviolet excitation in Dy3+/Tm3+:Na3Gd(PO4)2 nanophosphor for white LEDs
摘要： The Dy3t/Tm3t ions co-activated Na3Gd(PO4)2 phosphors were synthesized by the citrate-gel based combustion technique. The structural properties of as-synthesized phosphors were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The influence of Tm3t concentration on the fluorescence properties of Na3Gd(PO4)2:Dy3t phosphors were systematically investigated under near-UV light irradiation of 359 and 352 nm. The energy transfer efficiency (ηET) of as-prepared phosphors increases gradually from 17 to 42%, and the critical distance (Rc) between Dy3t and Tm3t ions is calculated to be 4.76 ?. For better understanding the energy transfer mechanism (ET:Dy3t →Tm3t), the decay curves were utilized on the basis of Dexter’s energy transfer formula and Reisfeld’s approximation. More importantly, the obtained CIE color coordinates of Na3Gd(PO4)2:Dy3t/Tm3t phosphors located at blue-white region under near-UV light irradiation. The results demonstrate the promising application of Na3Gd(PO4)2:Dy3t/Tm3t phosphor for near-UV white LEDs.
关键词： Citrate-gel combustion technique,Decay times-Energy transfer mechanism,Photoluminescence,White-light,Dy3t/Tm3t
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Physical properties of quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitised solar cells: A characterisation review
摘要： The electrolyte is a critical component of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). Among them, quasi-solid state (QSS) electrolytes are considered as one of the most prospective substitutes for liquid electrolytes to DSSCs. To entirely understand and optimise the performance and stability of QSS, comprehensive characterisation is needed to design new materials, comprehend and optimise the QSS. This review summarises the characterisations of QSS beginning from 2010. Emphasis is placed on the physical characterisations such as viscosity, morphology, thermal, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman, ultraviolet-visible, and X-ray di?raction. All parts of the characterisation process are divided into the introduction, the objective of testing, main outcomes and ?nally, the selected examples. A summary of recent and important measurements on QSS are mentioned at the end.
关键词： Quasi-solid state electrolytes,Characterisations,Gel polymer electrolytes,Dye-sensitised solar cells,Polymer electrolytes
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Improving the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by incoporating a novel ZnO:Al charge injection layer
摘要： In this study, the e?ect of integrating a ZnO:Al (AZO) charge injection layer into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated. The AZO charge injection layer was deposited using a low-cost sol-gel deposition method directly onto ?uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass just before TiO2 photoanode coating. The structural and optoelectronic properties of AZO charge injection layer are then investigated as a function of the precursor concentration. The integration of AZO charge injection layer leads to the improvement of power conversion e?ciency (PCE) by preventing the electrolyte coming in contact with FTO and improving charge injection from the charge AZO layer. It was found that there is an optimum AZO precursor concentration for charge injection layer deposition and DSSCs fabricated using higher concentration resulted in reduced photovoltaic performance due to reduced light transparency, whilst charge injection layer deposited at lower precursor concentration were found to reduce DSSC performance due to insu?cient converage.
关键词： Aluminium doped zinc oxide,Dye sensitized solar cells,Injection layer,Sol-gel
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Surface Carbon Shell-Functionalized ZrO2 as Nanofiller in Polymer Gel Electrolyte-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： We prepare dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated with a poly (ethylene glycol) based polymer gel electrolytes (PGEs) incorporating surface carbon shell-functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles (ZrO2-C) as nano?llers (NFs). ZrO2 are polymerized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (POEM) as a sca?old to prepare the ZrO2-C through carbonization. The power conversion e?ciency of DSSC with 12 wt% ZrO2-C/PGEs is 5.6%, exceeding that with PGEs (4.4%). The enhanced e?ciency is attributed to Lewis acid-base interactions of ZrO2-C and poly (ethylene glycol), catalytic e?ect of the carbon shells of ZrO2-C, which results in reduced crystallinity, enhanced ion conductivity of electrolytes, decreased counterelectrode/electrolyte interfacial resistance, and improved charge transfer rate. These results demonstrate that ZrO2-C introduction to PGEs e?ectively improves the performance of DSSCs.
关键词： polymer gel electrolyte (PGE),zirconium dioxide (ZrO2),dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC),nano?ller (NF),carbon,atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dye sensitized solar cells based on titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal sol-gel methods: a comparative study on photovoltaic performances
摘要： Synthesis methods, shape and size of the nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) are very crucial parameters for the power conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. In this article, nanoparticles of TiO2 powders have been synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal sol-gel methods. These powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In particular, the photovoltaic performances of the dye sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis and hydrothermal sol-gel method have been compared. A commercial dye, N719 and a platinum doped counter electrode have been used for fabricating cells. Furthermore, a standard dye sensitized solar cell device has been fabricated by using a commercial Titania electrode in order to use as a reference cell. As a result, power conversion efficiencies of solar cells (under standard conditions, AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm?2) have been calculated as 2.44, 3.94, and 7.67 % with TiO2 synthesized via flame spray pyrolysis method, hydrothermal sol-gel method and reference Titania electrode, respectively.
关键词： Sol gel,Flame spray pyrolysis,Dye sensitized solar cells,Hydrothermal method
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Sol–gel approach for the growth of vertically aligned 3D-TiO2 nanorod arrays as an efficient photoanode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this study, a facile, low cost, and scalable sol–gel method has been proposed for the coating of ultra-thin layer of TiO2 on FTO substrate as a seed layer for the growth of 3D-TiO2 nanorod (3D-TiO2-NR) arrays on FTO. Then, the two-step hydrothermal process including nanorod growth and the chemical etching treatment was proceeded for the fabrication of FTO/3D-TiO2-NR photoanodes. The thickness of the deposited TiO2 in FTO/TiO2-sg samples was measured with small-angle X-ray scattering technique, and it was obtained to be 21.3 nm. FE-SEM and TEM techniques were used for the morphological characterization of 3D-TiO2-NR, and it was obtained that the tightly adhered film of vertically aligned 3D-TiO2-NR with two-layer nanostructuring is formed with a cubic base and a nanorods head. Finally, DSSCs with iodine-based and cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complex-based electrolytes with two different photoanodes including 3D-TiO2-NR and TiO2-NP were assembled and their photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. For [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ shuttle-based DSSC, the obtained power conversion efficiency (η) was about 3.5% with Jsc of 9.36 mA cm?2 in 3D-TiO2-NR-based DSSC, while η of TiO2-NP-based DSSC was about 1.4%. The results showed that employing 3D-TiO2-NR-based photoanode in DSSCs with bulky electron shuttles remarkably improves the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies also showed the lower charge transfer resistances for DSSCs with nanorod-based photoanode building blocks.
关键词： Adhesion,Electron shuttle,TiO2 nanorod arrays,DSSC,Cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes,Sol–gel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Sol–gel ZnO modified by organic dye molecules for efficient inverted polymer solar cells
摘要： ZnO layer was modified with the addition of Cationic dyes including Crystal Violet (CV)/Ethyl violet (EV) in sol–gel process for an electron transport layer in inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). X-ray photoelectron spectra showed the presence of CV/EV at the top of ZnO surface. Besides, oxygen defect was significantly reduced by CV/EV modification due to the chloride occupation. Furthermore, the amount of CV/EV decreased progressively from ZnO surface to bottom, being evidenced by depth profile. With modification, the ZnO surface became smoother and more hydrophobic to improve the contact with active layer. Meanwhile, CV/EV participated in the crystallization which resulted in the larger ZnO crystal grain size. Interface dipole after modification would slightly reduce the work function of ZnO and the energy barrier between ZnO and active layer via Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy and External Quantum Efficiency analysis. Accordingly, inverted PSCs possessed better morphology, better electron extraction ability with ZnO modified by CV and EV respectively, rendering the power conversion efficiency up to 8.80% and 9.06% in comparison to the pristine ZnO (7.59%). In conclusion, we demonstrate a facile way to improve morphological and electrical properties of ZnO layer by simply adding CV/EV in sol–gel ZnO to fabricate high performance PSCs.
关键词： Interfacial modification,Cationic dye,Polymer solar cells,Electron transport,Sol–gel ZnO
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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SILAR Controlled CdS Nanoparticles Sensitized CdO Diode Based Photodetectors
摘要： In this research, we have produced Al/CdS nanoparticles-CdO/p-si/Al photodetetor and investigated its optical and electrical characteristics for various optoelectronic applications. The CdO thin film was covered by using sol-gel spin coating method onto the silicon, followed by CdS nanoparticles constitution by the help of SILAR technique. In order to examine the morphological and optical characteristics of fabricated photodetector, the field emission scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy were utilized, and the band gap of the prepared film was determined as 2,17 eV with the help of these analyzes. The current behavior against the varying voltage values were investigated for the different intensities of solar light conditions and the significant diode parameters were computed by the use of this measurements. As a result of this computation, the barrier height value was found to be 0.49 eV while the ideality factor value was 3.2, and the photoresponse of the photodetector was measured as approximatelly 2.65 × 103. Besides, the transient photocurrent and photocapacitance charactersitics were examined for distinct light conditions. Finally, the interface states were calculated from the capacitance/conductance–voltage (C/G–V) measurements.
关键词： Optical characteristics,SILAR method,Sol-gel method,CdO thin film,Electrical characteristics,CdS nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22