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Crystallographically oriented porous ZnO nanostructures with visible-blind photoresponse: controlling the growth and optical properties
摘要： We have grown catalyst-free crystallographically oriented porous ZnO nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The deposition was performed in two stages for each sample. In the first stage, self-seeding of ZnO was performed on the quartz substrate, and the angle of deposition (seeding-angle) was varied. Thus, the growth of seeds is different here. In the second stage, the deposition was performed at a glancing angle (at 85?) for the fixed duration of time to grow the nanostructures. These PLD-grown nanostructures acquire highly oriented wurtzite structure. We find that the seeding-angle during the first stage is the determining deposition parameter which influences the growth and other properties of these nanostructures in a controllable manner. The variation in seeding-angle systematically tunes the crystallographic orientation and porosity, which in turn influences the visible-blindness and ultraviolet (UV) photoresponse of these nanonetworks. Here we report the growth of completely defect-free crystallographically oriented nanostructures with necessary porosity for application in visible-blind UV photodetection.
关键词： Crystalline ZnO,catalyst-free ZnO,glancing angle deposition (GLAD),seeding,pulsed laser deposition (PLD),nanostructures
更新于2025-11-21 11:03:13
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Development of a Protein Microarray Chip with Enhanced Fluorescence for Identification of Semen and Vaginal Fluid
摘要： The detection of body ?uids has been used to identify a suspect and build a criminal case. As the amount of evidence collected at a crime site is limited, a multiplex identi?cation system for body ?uids using a small amount of sample is required. In this study, we proposed a multiplex detection platform using an Ag vertical nanorod metal enhanced ?uorescence (MEF) substrate for semen and vaginal ?uid (VF), which are important evidence in cases of sexual crime. The Ag nanorod MEF substrate with a length of 500 nm was fabricated by glancing angle deposition, and amino functionalization was conducted to improve binding ability. The effect of incubation time was analyzed, and an incubation time of 60 min was selected, at which the ?uorescence signal was saturated. To assess the performance of the developed identi?cation chip, the identi?cation of semen and VF was carried out. The developed sensor could selectively identify semen and VF without any cross-reactivity. The limit of detection of the fabricated microarray chip was 10 times better than the commercially available rapid stain identi?cation (RSID) Semen kit.
关键词： metal-enhanced ?uorescence,glancing angle deposition,microarray analysis,semen,vaginal ?uid,Ag nanorod,body ?uid identi?cation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Improved performance of small molecule organic solar cells by incorporation of a glancing angle deposited donor layer
摘要： improving the photovoltaic performance directly by innovative device architectures contributes much progress in the field of organic solar cells. Photovoltaic device using different kinds of heterojunction with the given set of organic semiconductors paves the way to a better understanding of the working mechanism of organic heterojunction. Here, we report on the fabrication of a new device structure without employing extra material. A thin film of the donor material (chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc)) is inserted between ClAlPc:C60 bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and C60 layer by glancing angle deposition. A ClAlPc/C60 planar heterojunction co-exists with ClAlPc:C60 BHJ simultaneously in this device. Higher efficiency is obtained with this novel device structure. The effects of this additional ClAlPc layer on open-circuit voltage and fill factor in photovoltaic cells are studied. This work provides a new route to improve the device performance of organic solar cells.
关键词： glancing angle deposition,bulk heterojunction,donor layer,organic solar cells,photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Tunable Plasmonic Resonances in TiN Nanorod Arrays
摘要： In this work, titanium nitride (TiN) nanorod arrays were fabricated using glancing angle deposition in a magnetron sputtering system. The deposition parameters, including the bias on the substrate and the flow rate of nitrogen, were varied to deposit various TiN nanorod arrays. Before glancing angle deposition was conducted, uniform TiN films were deposited and their permittivity spectra, for various deposition parameters, were obtained. The effect of the deposition parameters on the morphology of the nanorods is analyzed here. The polarization-dependent extinctance spectra of TiN nanorod arrays were measured and compared. Extinction, which corresponds to the longitudinal mode of localized surface plasmon resonance, can be significantly changed by tuning the N2 flow rate and substrate bias voltage during deposition.
关键词： glancing angle deposition,plasmonic mode,permittivity,titanium nitride,nanorod array
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Antireflection Coatings with Graded Refractive Index of Indium Tin Oxide for Si-based Solar Cells
摘要： The glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique for fabricating an antire?ection (AR) structure with graded refractive index was applied to silicon substrate by using indium tin oxide (ITO) combining the sputtering method with the evaporation method. In spite of the very limited refractive index pro?le of ITO compared to that of the silicon substrate, the designed AR coatings at wavelengths from near infrared to near ultraviolet showed a re?ectance of only 5.31% at an incident angle of 30? while the transmittance of the ITO AR layer showed a sharp decrease near a wavelength of 400 nm. From these analyses, ITO multilayered AR coatings fabricated by using the GLAD method should improve the performance of an optical device after post-annealing at a low temperature of 160 ?C. When the ITO AR coatings were applied to actual silicon solar cells, it appears that a non-grid electrode cell with ITO AR coatings is possible compared with insulator AR coatings with metal grid electrodes
关键词： Anti-re?ection coating,Solar cells,Glancing angle deposition,Indium tin oxide
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Transition from discrete patches to plasmonic nanohole array by glancing angle deposition on nanosphere monolayers
摘要： By combining nanosphere lithography and glancing angle deposition, a morphological transition from disconnected patchy silver (Ag) coated nanosphere particles to a connected Ag nanohole sheet on close-packed nanosphere monolayers has been demonstrated, which significantly changes the optical property of the Ag nanostructure deposited. For different sized nanosphere monolayers, when the vapor incident angle was set to be 55o, the transmission spectra showed complicated features when the Ag deposition thickness was less than 60 nm. When the thickness was large enough (> 60 nm), a distinguished extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) peak was observed. The EOT peak wavelength position is independent of the Ag thickness deposited and is proportional to the nanosphere diameter. The obtained EOT peaks possess a high quality factor and have high transmission values compared to those reported in the literature for similar structures. Such a high quality EOT response could be used for constructing better sensors or developing other plasmonic applications.
关键词： extraordinary optical transmission,nanosphere lithography,glancing angle deposition,silver nanoparticles,plasmonic nanohole array
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Rear‐Passivated Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub/>2</sub> Films by Al <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> Nanostructures Using Glancing Angle Deposition Toward Photovoltaic Devices with Enhanced Efficiency
摘要： In this work, for the first time, the addition of aluminum oxide nanostructures (Al2O3 NSs) grown by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) is investigated on an ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 device (400 nm) fabricated using a sequential process, i.e., post-selenization of the metallic precursor layer. The most striking observation to emerge from this study is the alleviation of phase separation after adding the Al2O3 NSs with improved Se diffusion into the non-uniformed metallic precursor due to the surface roughness resulting from the Al2O3 NSs. In addition, the raised Na concentration at the rear surface can be attributed to the increased diffusion of Na ion facilitated by Al2O3 NSs. The coverage and thickness of the Al2O3 NSs significantly affects the cell performance because of an increase in shunt resistance associated with the formation of Na2SeX and phase separation. The passivation effect attributed to the Al2O3 NSs is well studied using the bias-EQE measurement and J–V characteristics under dark and illuminated conditions. With the optimization of the Al2O3 NSs, the remarkable enhancement in the cell performance occurs, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency increase from 2.83% to 5.33%, demonstrating a promising method for improving ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 devices, and providing significant opportunities for further applications.
关键词： nanostructure,CIGS solar cells,Al2O3 passivation layer,glancing angle deposition
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Dimers with Defined Nanogap Spacers
摘要： Plasmonic molecules are building blocks of metallic nanostructures that give rise to intriguing optical phenomena with similarities to those seen in molecular systems. The ability to design plasmonic hybrid structures and molecules with nanometric resolution would enable applications in optical metamaterials and sensing that presently cannot be demonstrated, because of a lack of suitable fabrication methods allowing the structural control of the plasmonic atoms on a large scale. Here we demonstrate a wafer-scale ‘lithography-free’ parallel fabrication scheme to realize nanogap plasmonic meta-molecules with precise control over their size, shape, material, and orientation. We demonstrate how we can tune the corresponding coupled resonances through the entire visible spectrum. Our fabrication method, based on glancing angle physical vapor deposition with gradient shadowing, permits critical parameters to be varied across the wafer and thus is ideally suited to screen potential structures. We obtain billions of aligned dimer structures with controlled variation of the spectral properties across the wafer. We spectroscopically map the plasmonic resonances of gold dimer structures and show that they are not only in a good agreement with numerically modeled spectra, but also remain functional, at least for a year, in an ambient condition.
关键词： glancing angle deposition,wafer-scale nanofabrication,asymmetric shadow,nanophotonics,optical metamaterials,scalable plasmonics
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Smartphone based dual mode in situ detection of viability of bacteria using Ag nanorods array
摘要： The in-situ and rapid detection of live and dead bacteria is essential for human and environmental care. It has become one of the biggest needs in the biological and medical sciences to prevent infectious diseases, which usually occur in hospitals and field clinics. In the current scenario, antibiotic resistance is one of the severe public health problems, which requires a quick and efficient solution. Here, we report a facile sensitive, portable, user-friendly, cost-effective and time saving approach for detection of live, dead and drug-resistant bacteria. The endogenous H2S evolution was targeted to differentiate between live and dead as well as antibiotic resistant bacteria. The silver nanorods (AgNRs) arrays sensors were fabricated by glancing angle deposition technique. The colorimetric and water wettability features of as-synthesized AgNRs are found to be highly sensitive and selective for H2S. E. coli. P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus were used as a model organism in this study. All the bacteria were found to produce H2S by their metabolism process. In order to detect the antibiotic resistant E. coli were grown in the presence of different concentration of ampicillin in Luria broth. A drastic visible change in color as well as wetting of AgNRs array was observed. To make the technique easy, a user-friendly and field deployable mobile app ‘Colorimetric Detector’ was developed. This technique takes only 4-6 hours whereas the conventional methods need around 24 hours for the same. This dual mode facile and, inexpensive method can be easily scaled up in the field of diagnostics.
关键词： live and dead bacteria,hydrogen sulfide,glancing angle deposition,Antibiotic resistance,silver nanorods
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Tailoring of highly porous SnO2 and SnO2-Pd thin films
摘要： Tin oxide is a material that attracts attention due to varieties of technological applications. The main parameters that influence its properties are morphology, crystalline structure and stoichiometry. To influence these parameters researchers try to develop nanostructured thin films that would conform technological application. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of highly porous SnO2 and Pd doped SnO2 thin films. The films were deposited in form of nanorods with controllable geometry. Such morphology was achieved by utilizing glancing angle deposition (GLAD) with assisted magnetron sputtering. This arrangement allowed preparation of slanted pillars, zig-zag structure, vertically standing posts, spiral posts and “bush”-like structures. We calculated that slanted pillars possess highest surface area among the films listed. Then, sets of slanted pillars were deposited and studied in more details. The influence of substrate annealing during the film deposition and Pd doping on the morphology, crystalline structure and stoichiometry of the films are discussed. Characterizations of the tin oxide films were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SRPES). GLAD with assisted magnetron sputtering allowed us to deposit broad range of SnO2 nanostructures while annealing of the substrate during deposition affects the films crystallinity. Also, we find that doping of the SnO2 films with Pd leads to alloy phase formation. These findings can be applied in variety of applications including gas sensing, catalysis, optics and electronics.
关键词： XPS,SRPES,SnO2,tin oxide,glancing angle deposition,TEM,HRTEM,GLAD,highly porous
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36