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Nose-Cone Conformal Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Antenna for X-Band Radar Applications
摘要： This paper presents the design of nose-cone conformal substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna for modern radar applications. Firstly, the wave propagation characteristics have been investigated in doubly curved SIW, and it has been observed that they are non-uniform along the longitudinal direction of nose-cone conformal SIW. To ensure the constant wave propagation along the length of conformal SIW, the conventional design of SIW is reformulated for nose-cone conformal SIW and circuit model modification has been demonstrated. Secondly, the procedure for designing a SIW-based array on curved surfaces has been developed. In the proposed design, rectangular waveguide (RWG) to SIW feeding structure has been used to avoid spurious radiations. Finally, 1 × 6 element-based nose-cone conformal slotted array has been designed and compared with planar and cylindrical conformal arrays. It has been observed from the results that the nose-cone conformal slot array offers low sidelobe levels (SLLs) and high gain. For the validation of the proposed design, the conformal slotted array has been fabricated and measured, which exhibited a reasonable agreement between the measured and the simulated data.
关键词： substrate-integrated waveguide,high gain,X-band radar,nose-cone conformal,wave propagation,sidelobe levels,slot array antenna
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Controlled synthesis of GaSe microbelts for high-gain photodetectors induced by the electron trapping effect
摘要： GaSe microbelts were successfully synthesized using Ga/Ga2Se3 as the precursor mixture, where excess Ga was required to serve as the metal catalyst. Meanwhile, a spontaneously oxidized surface amorphous oxide (GaOx) layer formed, which induced a built-in electric field perpendicular to the surface. Benefiting from this effect, a GaSe microbelt-based photodetector attained a high responsivity of B3866 A W(cid:2)1 and a photoconductive gain of up to B1.06 (cid:3) 104. This study sheds light on the controlled synthesis of microstructures and provides a device design concept for high-performance micro/nano optoelectronics.
关键词： high-gain,electron trapping effect,photodetector,GaSe microbelts
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Annual energy yield analysis of solar cell technology
摘要： This paper presents a systematic procedure that can be used to create operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) for closed-loop operation using multiple low-gain stages to realize extremely high DC gain. Such devices are necessary to realize analog functions with demanding absolute accuracy requirements, e.g., high-resolution ADCs and DACs. The principle is based on the cascade of undamped integrators to realize large DC gains and a state-space derived controller to stabilize its operation in a closed-loop configuration. A programmable OTA fabricated in the IBM 130 nm CMOS process is used as a test vehicle to prove the design principle through its 2 to 5th-order realization. Measured data reveals DC gains ranging from 50 to 150 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 10 kHz and a unity gain frequency of 10 MHz. While this paper demonstrates the design principles using CMOS integrated circuits, the principle is general and can be applied to any type of circuit technology in integrated or discrete implementation. Moreover, the methods are easily automated as the principles are based on closed-form formulae as opposed to iterative numerical search techniques.
关键词： integrated circuit implementation,Miller-C integrators,dominate-pole implementation,programmable amplifiers,Controller-based compensation,operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs),discrete compensation,operational amplifiers (op-amps),ultra-high gain
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Atlanta, GA, USA (2019.7.7-2019.7.12)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Wideband printed ridge gap waveguide differential feeding aperture antenna for millimeter wave applications
摘要： Millimeter wave has gained great attention for 5G communications and imaging systems. Building a high gain antenna is essential to such systems. In this paper, the design of a high gain differential feeding aperture antenna in the printed ridge gap waveguide technology is presented. It has a fractional bandwidth of 16.1% at 30GHz with S11<?10dB and peak gain of 12.8dBi. The aperture efficiency is 52% and the radiation pattern is stable over the operating frequency range. The 3-dB gain bandwidth is 15.4%dBi.
关键词： 5G communications,Millimeter wave,high gain antenna,printed ridge gap waveguide,differential feeding aperture antenna
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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HIGH GAIN SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA BASED ON BEAM FOCUSING USING ELECTRICALLY SPLIT RING RESONATOR METASURFACE EMPLOYING NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX MEDIUM
摘要： In this paper, a new high performance slotted waveguide antenna incorporated with negative refractive index metamaterial structure is proposed, designed and experimentally demonstrated. The metamaterial structure is constructed from a multilayer two-directional structure of electrically split ring resonator which exhibits negative refractive index in direction of the radiated wave propagation when it is placed in front of the slotted waveguide antenna. As a result, the radiation beams of the slotted waveguide antenna are focused in both E and H planes, and hence the directivity and the gain are improved, while the beam area is reduced. The proposed antenna and the metamaterial structure operating at 10 GHz are designed, optimized and numerically simulated by using CST software. The e?ective parameters of the eSRR structure are extracted by Nicolson Ross Weir (NRW) algorithm from the s-parameters. For experimental veri?cation, a proposed antenna operating at 10 GHz is fabricated using both wet etching microwave integrated circuit technique (for the metamaterial structure) and milling technique (for the slotted waveguide antenna). The measurements are carried out in an anechoic chamber. The measured results show that the E plane gain of the proposed slotted waveguide antenna is improved from 6.5 dB to 11 dB as compared to the conventional slotted waveguide antenna. Also, the E plane beamwidth is reduced from 94.1 degrees to about 50 degrees. The antenna return loss and bandwidth are slightly changed. Furthermore, the proposed antenna o?ered easier fabrication processes with a high gain than the horn antenna, particularly if the proposed antenna is scaled down in dimensionality to work in the THz regime.
关键词： negative refractive index,slotted waveguide antenna,metamaterial,beam focusing,high gain,electrically split ring resonator
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA) - Surabaya, Indonesia (2019.8.28-2019.8.29)] 2019 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA) - Application of High Gain Zeta Converter For Photovoltaic System
摘要： Photovoltaics are generally used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. If the number of photovoltaic module are limited, then the output voltage will be small. In order to connect the inverter to the grid directly without any transformer devices, it requires extra high gain boost converter. In practice, conventional boost converter only able to increase the input voltage about 4 times. Therefore, this research will implement and analyze the performances of integrated quadratic-boost-zeta high gain DC-DC converter for photovoltaic application. The advantage of this converter is having a high ratio voltage conversion with a small duty cycle and requires few components. From the experiment, this converter can convert input voltage from 18 V to 330 V on duty cycle of 65,92%.
关键词： photovoltaic,quadratic boost zeta converter,coupled inductor,high gain
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 6th International Conference on Image and Signal Processing and their Applications (ISPA) - Mostaganem, Algeria (2019.11.24-2019.11.25)] 2019 6th International Conference on Image and Signal Processing and their Applications (ISPA) - Gain Enhancement of Microstrip Sawtooth Antenna Array based on Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Technology for Dual-Band Applications (Ku / K)
摘要： This paper introduces and studies a new approach to enhance the gain of Microstrip Antenna Array using the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) in (Ku/K) band applications. The integration of SIW is first implemented in a single microstrip antenna and then in a 1x2 antenna array. This development is based on two designs, one for the 1x2 antenna array with microstrip feed-line with SIW and the other for the inset feed-line with SIW. All these structures are designed and simulated using the Rogers Duro?d TM5880substrate (εr= 2.2 and h = 0.5mm) by means of the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The proposed design improved gain and sufficient bandwidth. Therefore, the maximum bandwidth and gain obtained from the 1x2 SIW sawtooth antenna array is 410 MHz and 9.27dBi respectively. In the end, the validation of the design 1x2 SIW antenna array is done by simulating the same antenna with another software CST. The results obtained from the both simulation software show a good agreement.
关键词： slot,high gain,Antenna Arrays,SIW technology,KU/K bands
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.7.8-2019.7.12)] 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - The Influence of Periodic Ultra-thin AlN Interlayers in Multiplication Region on the GaN Avalanche Photodiode
摘要： GaN APD with periodic ultra-thin AlN interlayers in multiplication region has been proposed to obtain a high gain at constant voltage mode. The influence of interlayers on the multiplication process was the AlN numerically simulated and analyzed. The results predict that the multiplication process contains three different stages with the increase of the reverse voltage. The experimental results agree with the numerically simulation very well and a high gain of 6×104 at constant voltage mode was obtained.
关键词： constant voltage mode,Avalanche photodiodes,AlN interlayers,high gain
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Developer Design of Hybrid Plasmonic Nano Patch Antenna with Metal Insulator Metal Multilayer Construction
摘要： Hybrid plasmonic nanopatch antenna with metal-insulator-metal (HMIM) multilayer has been investigated for operation at the frequency of 125–250 THz using the finite element method (FEM) implemented in Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The proposed antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 49.5 THz (151.5 THz–201 THz) for the slots thicknesses Wg = 50 nm and Ws = 100 nm and dual bandwidth for Ws = 20 nm. The obtained results show the input impedance of 50.3 Ω input resistance (real part) and 2.3 Ω reactance (imaginary part) occurring at (near) the operation frequency. The maximum gain of 23.98 dB has been observed for resonant frequencies of 176 THz, and the maximum directivity remains above 6.73 dB and 7.46 dB at resonant frequencies of 170 THz and 190 THz, respectively. Our proposed antenna performance is compared to previously reported designs. The copolar and cross-polar radiation patterns are simulated at different resonant frequencies of 160 THz and 197 THz for planes Φ = 90° and Φ = 0° . The arrays of a proposed antenna are designed in one and two dimensions in order to appropriate high-gain applications.
关键词： Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator,wide bandwidth,hybrid plasmonic nanopatch antenna,high-gain applications,metal-insulator-metal,finite element method
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 4th World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS) - Ouarzazate, Morocco (2019.4.22-2019.4.25)] 2019 4th World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS) - Adaptive High Gain Observer for Photovoltaic Systems
摘要： The problem of state and parameter estimation in photovoltaic (PV) systems is considered. The system is composed of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) which supplies power, via a long PV cable, to a DC centrifugal pump driven by a DC–DC boost converter. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and controllers are generally designed based on the PVG delivered voltage and/or current measurements. From other side, PV arrays should be established in a location that pro?ts from good daily solar radiation. Such a location is, in numerous cases, remote from the converter, which obviously leads to dif?culty of PVG voltage and current measurement. Besides, the use of a long PV cable may result in MPPT control inaccuracies due to voltage drops in the cable. For remedying these issues, an adaptive observer for PV systems is proposed, in this work. It accomplishes online estimation of PVG current and voltage as well as of the unknown resistance parameter of the cable. The designed adaptive observer convergence is theoretically proved and its performances are evaluated by simulation.
关键词： PV Cable,Uncertainty,Adaptive High Gain Observer,Photovoltaic,MPPT,Lyapunov Stability
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22