- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Application of Airborne Infrared Remote Sensing to the Study of Ocean Submesoscale Eddies
摘要： This paper explores the use of infrared remote sensing methods to examine submesoscale eddies that recur downstream of a deep-water island (Santa Catalina, CA). Data were collected using a mid-wave infrared camera deployed on an aircraft flown at an altitude of 3.7 km, and research boats made nearly simultaneous measurements of temperature and current profiles. Structure within the thermal field is generally adequate as a tracer of surface fluid motions, though the imagery needs to be processed in a novel way to preserve the smallest-scale tracer patterns. In the case we focus on, the eddy is found to have a thermal signature of about 1 km in diameter and a cyclonic swirling flow. Vorticity is concentrated over a smaller area of about 0.5 km in diameter. The Rossby number is 27, indicating the importance of the centrifugal force in the dynamical balance of the eddy. By approximating the eddy as a Rankine vortex, an estimate of upward doming of the thermocline (about 14 m at the center) is obtained that agrees qualitatively with the in-water measurements. Analysis also shows an outward radial flow that creates areas of convergence (sinking flow) along the perimeter of the eddy. The imagery also reveals areas of localized vertical mixing within the eddy thermal perimeter, and an area of external azimuthal banding that likely arises from flow instability.
关键词： infrared imagery,surface current,remote sensing of environment,submesoscale eddies,kinematics and dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Infrared Imagery and Inert Media Used in Treating Upwelling Groundwater with Rotenone
摘要： Untreated upwelling groundwater from seeps and springs in and adjacent to surface water bodies has been long suspected of causing failed rotenone treatments by providing a refugia of nontoxic water. A possible solution involves the use of an inert media to carry the liquid rotenone to the source of upwelling groundwater and release rotenone over an extended period of time suf?cient to affect the mortality of the target ?sh. In our initial study to address this problem, we used thermal infrared imagery (FLIR One) on a smartphone to locate groundwater that was subsequently treated with mixtures of the liquid rotenone formulation CFT Legumine (3.3% rotenone) utilizing two commercially available inert carriers: (1) CatSan Hygiene Litter (mixture of quartz sand and calcite) and (2) Vectocarb (?ne powder of modi?ed CaCO3). Trials on the mixtures were conducted in 2015 in upwelling groundwater areas of the Skibotn River drainage, Troms County, Norway, the site of previously failed eradication efforts. Following application, mean concentrations of 75.6 to 131 μg/L rotenone were present at 0.5 h in the pools and the brooks downstream of the upwelling groundwater that decreased and stabilized to 11.5 to 16.8 μg/L rotenone at 3 h. Both carriers have large surface areas (porosity) that transport (through sorption) the rotenone liquid to the source of upwelling groundwater and release (through desorption) concentrations of rotenone over at least 3 h. Both mixtures show promise in treating upwelling groundwater to eradicate ?sh from those areas and were used successfully in the 2016 retreatment of Skibotn River for the eradication of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar infested with the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus salaris.
关键词： fish eradication,infrared imagery,groundwater,inert media,rotenone
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Thermal Infrared Imagery Integrated with Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Characterization of Landslide Model Failure
摘要： A laboratory model test is an effective method for studying landslide risk mitigation. In this study, thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, a modern no-contact technique, was introduced and integrated with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to characterize the failure of a landslide model. The characteristics of the failure initiation, motion, and region of interest, including landslide volume, deformation, velocity, surface temperature changes, and anomalies, were detected using the integrated monitoring system. The laboratory test results indicate that the integrated monitoring system is expected to be useful for characterizing the failure of landslide models. The preliminary results of this study suggest that a change in the relative TIR signal (?TIR) can be a useful index for landslide detection, and a decrease in the average value of the temperature change (?TIR) can be selected as a precursor to landslide failure.
关键词： landslide failure,thermal infrared imagery,terrestrial laser scanning,particle tracking velocimetry
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Technical note: Mapping surface-saturation dynamics with thermal infrared imagery
摘要： Surface saturation can have a critical impact on runoff generation and water quality. Saturation patterns are dynamic, thus their potential control on discharge and water quality is also variable in time. In this study, we assess the practicability of applying thermal infrared (TIR) imagery for mapping surface-saturation dynamics. The advantages of TIR imagery compared to other surface-saturation mapping methods are its large spatial and temporal flexibility, its non-invasive character, and the fact that it allows for a rapid and intuitive visualization of surface-saturated areas. Based on an 18-month field campaign, we review and discuss the methodological principles, the conditions in which the method works best, and the problems that may occur. These considerations enable potential users to plan efficient TIR imagery-mapping campaigns and benefit from the full potential offered by TIR imagery, which we demonstrate with several application examples. In addition, we elaborate on image post-processing and test different methods for the generation of binary saturation maps from the TIR images. We test the methods on various images with different image characteristics. Results show that the best method, in addition to a manual image classification, is a statistical approach that combines the fitting of two pixel class distributions, adaptive thresholding, and region growing.
关键词： remote sensing,image processing,surface-saturation dynamics,thermal infrared imagery,hydrological processes
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Near-Real Time Detection of the Re-Opening of the Weddell Polynya, Antarctica, from Spaceborne Infrared Imagery
摘要： A hole in the Antarctic sea ice cover, the Weddell Polynya, unexpectedly re-opened in winter 2017 for the first time since 1976. Models suggest that the polynya opened because warm oceanic water moved up to the surface, melting the ice from below. Here three temperature thresholds applied to near-hourly spaceborne infrared imagery (AVHRR) successfully detect the appearance of a warm spot up to five days before the polynya opened in June and September 2017. Traditional sea ice concentration and thickness criteria could only detect the polynya once it was open. An automatised warning system, using near-real time passive monitoring of warm spots, would allow researchers to reroute vessels or autonomous sensors in order to finally study the polynya as a whole when it opens again, from its preconditioning to its impacts on the climate system.
关键词： AVHRR,infrared imagery,Weddell Polynya,sea ice concentration,sea ice thickness,Antarctic sea ice
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Near InfraRed Imagery Colorization
摘要： This paper proposes a stacked conditional Generative Adversarial Network-based method for Near InfraRed (NIR) imagery colorization. We propose a variant architecture of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) that uses multiple loss functions over a conditional probabilistic generative model. We show that this new architecture/loss-function yields better generalization and representation of the generated colored IR images. The proposed approach is evaluated on a large test dataset and compared to recent state of art methods using standard metrics.
关键词： Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN),Infrared Imagery colorization,Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Robust pedestrian detection in infrared images using rotation and scale invariant-based structure element descriptor
摘要： Pedestrian detection is a signi?cant problem in infrared (IR) images that ?nd varieties of applications in defense systems. The performance of the state-of-the-art of pedestrian detection methods in IR images still have abundant space for improvement towards accuracy. In this paper, a three-level ?ltering-based pedestrian block detection method is proposed. In addition, a rotation and scale invariant structure element descriptor (RSSED) is proposed for pedestrian detection in infrared (IR) images. To extract RSSED features, the pedestrian block detection result is encoded using local binary pattern (LBP). The LBP encoded image is quantised adaptively to four levels. Further, the proposed RSSED is used to generate the feature descriptor from the quantised image. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the objects in given IR image into pedestrian and non-pedestrian. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs effectively in pedestrian detection than the other methods.
关键词： local binary pattern,infrared imagery,pedestrian detection,structure element descriptor,adaptive quantisation,rotation and scale descriptor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14