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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 21st International Multi-Topic Conference (INMIC) - Karachi, Pakistan (2018.11.1-2018.11.2)] 2018 IEEE 21st International Multi-Topic Conference (INMIC) - Ball Detection and Tracking Through Image Processing Using Embedded Systems
摘要： This paper describes an algorithm for ball detection and tracking by a robot using image processing. Complex scenes lead to false detection of various objects other than a tennis ball resulting in false data and robot imprecision. We evaluated our approach for ball detection by a robot through use of contour method and centroid of the ball as a distance measure and colour intensity level as detection of the ball itself. Rotation of camera for ball detection and tracking is controlled through a laptop via wireless fidelity.
关键词： ball detection,intensity,centroid,ball tracking
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An image segmentation method of a modified SPCNN based on human visual system in medical images
摘要： An image segmentation method of a modified simplified pulse-coupled neural network (MSPCNN) based on human visual system (HVS) is proposed for medical images. The method successfully determines the stimulus input of the MSPCNN according to the characteristics of PCNN and HVS. In order to accomplish the goal, we attempt to deduce the sub-intensity range of central neurons firing by introducing neighboring firing matrix Q and calculating intensity distribution range based on a new MSPCNN(NMSPCNN), and then reveal the way how sub-intensity range parameter Sint generates the stimulus input Sioij closer to HVS. Besides, we try to substitute the above stimulus input into the MSPCNN to extract more suitable lesions for medical images. In contrast to prevalent PCNN models, the MSPCNN has higher segmentation accuracy rates and lower computational complexity because of the parameter setting method. Finally, the proposed method comparing with the state-of-the-art methods has a better performance, presenting the overall metric OEM with MIAS of 0.8784, DDSM of 0.8606 and gallstones of 0.8585.
关键词： Sub-intensity Range,Modified Simplified Pulse-coupled Neural Network,Image Segmentation,Stimulus Input,Human Visual System
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Impact of light conditions on reading ability following multifocal pseudophakic corrections
摘要： Purpose: To examine the impact of light intensity and temperature on reading performance following bilateral pseudophakic multifocal presbyopic correction. Patients and methods: This is a prospective clinic-based trial conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology in the University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Three groups of patients were formed (G1: patients with bilateral bifocal implantation, G2: patients with bilateral trifocal implantation, and control group: patients with bilateral pseudophakic monofocal implantation). Reading ability was quantified with the Greek version of MNREAD chart with minimal reading speed at 80 words/min for the following light intensities (25, 50, and 75 Foot-Candles [FC]) and temperatures (3,000, 4,000, and 6,000 K). Preferred light conditions for reading were assessed, as well. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03226561. Results: Control group demonstrated significantly lower reading ability at all light combinations with maximal ability at 75 FC and 6,000 K (0.58±0.18 logMAR). Bifocal group presented a light-dependent reading ability that ranged from 0.45±0.08 logMAR (25 FC and 3,000 K) to 0.40±0.11 logMAR (75 FC and 4,000 or 6,000 K). Trifocal participants presented the best reading ability that was light intensity-independent; however, their performance was reduced at 6,000 K. G1 and G2 preferred primarily intermediate light temperature, while control participants preferred cold light temperature. Conclusion: Multifocal pseudophakic corrections improve reading ability; however, they present variable efficacy according to the light conditions.
关键词： presbyopia,Kelvin,trifocal,Foot-Candles,bifocal,light intensity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Error performance of optical wireless communication systems exercising BPSK subcarrier intensity modulation in non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere
摘要： Subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) scheme is preferred due to efficient bandwidth usage superiority over other modulation techniques such as on–off keying (OOK), pulse position modulation (PPM). In this paper, we investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of optical wireless communication (OWC) system using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) SIM in non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere. We pay attention to the weak turbulence conditions by using Rytov approximation and considering that the receiver is a PIN photodetector. Propagating beam type is Gaussian. It is seen that BER performance of the BPSK SIM OWC is significantly affected from non-Kolmogorov power law exponent, load resistor, responsivity of the PIN photodetector, bandwidth, beam source size, turbulence strength and noise factor.
关键词： Subcarrier intensity modulation,Optical wireless communication,Bit error rate,Atmospheric turbulence
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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The utility of infrared thermography for evaluating lameness attributable to bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis
摘要： Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a leading cause of lameness in broilers. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a noninvasive technique for measuring infrared radiation from an object and can be used to evaluate clinical health. Two replicated studies compared the effect of light intensity on broilers grown on a wire flooring model that experimentally increased their susceptibility to and incidence of BCO lameness. Day-of-hatch male broiler chickens were placed into 6 pens on wood shavings litter, and at 1 wk one of 3 light intensity treatments (2, 5, or 10 lux) was allotted. At 4 wk half of the population from each pen was moved to a pen with wire flooring and the same light intensity. At 1, 4, 5, and 8 wk, an IRT image of the legs of 5 clinically healthy broilers from each pen was taken. The right and left proximal femora and tibiae of sound and lame broilers were scored for femoral head necrosis (FHN) and tibial head necrosis (THN) lesion severity. There were minimal effects of light intensity and flooring. In Study 1, but not Study 2, broilers on wire flooring weighed less on day 38 (P = 0.007) and days 57 to 58 (P = 0.003) compared to those on litter. The proportion of broilers that became lame on wire flooring was 52% in Study 1 and 14% in Study 2. The proportion of sound broilers from litter and wire flooring pens with subclinical signs of BCO in their right or left proximal growth plates was over 45% for FHN and 92% for THN, and lame broilers had more severe (P < 0.0001) FHN and THN compared to sound broilers. IRT surface temperatures of the hock joint, shank, and foot were consistently lower (P < 0.0001) in broilers that became lame when compared to sound. Therefore, IRT surface temperatures of broiler leg regions may be useful for detecting lesions attributed to BCO.
关键词： infrared thermography,wire flooring,lameness,bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis,light intensity
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Single-Photon-Emission Computed Tomography with Neutron Activation for Material Inspection
摘要： A single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) system with a lanthanum-bromide (LaBr3:Ce) scintillator was proposed and simulated to detect neutron-activated prompt γ-rays from suspicious materials. The optimized parameters of the SPECT system were calculated to achieve the best performance. Under the optimized conditions, energy spectra, spatial images, and elemental ratios were obtained and employed to identify hidden materials. The carbon-to-oxygen ratios of the materials calculated through the simulations were consistent with the corresponding theoretical values while the calculated nitrogen-to-oxygen ratios were slightly different from the corresponding theoretical values. In the proposed system, not only the energy spectrum of each element but also the characteristic intensity ratios obtained using the reconstructed images were used to identify the unknown elements of hidden materials in the three-dimensional spatial domain. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using the SPECT system in field applications.
关键词： Characteristic elemental intensity ratio,Neutron-activated prompt γ-rays,Single-photon-emission computed tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) - Chongqing, China (2018.10.12-2018.10.14)] 2018 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC) - Dissolved Oxygen Detection Based on Light-to-Frequency Conversion
摘要： In the detection of dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration based on the principle of fluorescence quenching, fluorescence intensity detection generally relies on high-precision instruments, extra amplifier circuits and filter circuits at present, which make the detection cost high and the structure complex. In order to reduce the detection cost, simplify the structure of the detection system and improve the stability of the detection, a method of directly detecting the fluorescence intensity using the light-to-frequency proportional conversion characteristics of TCS3200 sensor was proposed and a DO concentration detection system was designed subsequently. The linear relationship between the output frequency of the sensor and the DO concentration was studied and established, based on which the sample DO concentration can be calculated by using the frequency value collected in the detection system accordingly. The experimental results show that the relative error (RE) between the measured DO concentration and the standard value of the sample is less than 5%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the sample data is less than 2%, both of which meet the requirements of accuracy and precision respectively. At the same time, the detection system avoids complicated circuits and its structure is simple, and has the merit of strong anti-interference ability, low cost and high precision.
关键词： TCS3200 sensor,fluorescence intensity,DO,frequency
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Multispectral Airborne LiDAR Data in the Prediction of Boreal Tree Species Composition
摘要： Multispectral light detection and ranging (LiDAR) instruments, such as Optech Titan, record intensities at multiple wavelengths and these intensities can be used for tree species prediction in the same way as multispectral image data. In this paper, our main objective was to compare the accuracy of tree species prediction in a boreal forest area using multispectral LiDAR, the 1064-nm wavelength channel ('unispectral LiDAR'), and unispectral LiDAR with auxiliary aerial image data. We also evaluated the effect of the widely used intensity range correction method. We classified the main tree species of field plots using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and predicted the species-specific volume proportions (%) for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and broadleaved trees using the k-nearest neighbor imputation. The effect of intensity correction on prediction errors for the dominant tree species was evaluated using optimal parameters derived from: 1) minimal intensity difference between flight lines; 2) parameters suggested by theory; and 3) uncorrected data. Although the range correction increased the classification accuracy slightly, it was observed to be ambiguous, and not consistent with theory for canopy echoes. Regardless, the intensity values were useful for the prediction of dominant tree species and species' volume proportions. The results for the dominant tree species classification using multispectral LiDAR [overall accuracy (OA) 88.2%, kappa 0.79] were comparable to the use of unispectral LiDAR and aerial images (OA 89.1%, kappa 0.81). We conclude that the multispectral LiDAR may become a useful tool in operational species-specific forest inventories.
关键词： laser backscatter intensity,k-nearest neighbor (k-NN),Intensity correction,linear discriminant analysis (LDA),multispectral airborne laser scanning,tree species classification
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Intensity output and effectiveness of light curing units in dental offices
摘要： Background: The aims of the study were measuring the light intensity of light curing units used in Qazvin’s dental offices, determining the relationship between the clinical age of these units and their light intensity, and identifying the reasons for repairing them. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the output intensity of 95 light curing devices was evaluated using a radiometer. The average output intensity was divided up into four categories (less than 200, 200-299, 300-500, and more than 500 mW/cm2). In addition, a questionnaire was designed to obtain information mainly about the type, clinical age, and frequency of maintenance of the units and the reasons for fixing them. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-squared, and t-tests (p < 0.05) on SPSS 24. Results: A total of 95 light curing units were examined, with 61 (64.2%) of them being of the LED type and 34 (35.8%) of the QTH type. While average light intensity in LED units was significantly higher than in QTH devices, the two device types were not significantly different regarding desirable light intensity (i.e., ≥ 300 mw/cm2). A negative correlation was observed between clinical age and light intensity. In addition, bulb replacement in QTH devices was over three times as much as in LED units. Also, repairing QTHs was more than twice as much frequent as fixing LEDs. The most common reason for repair was the breakage of the tip of the device. Conclusions: The light intensity of LED units is significantly higher than that of QTH devices, and the frequency of repairing in QTHs was significantly more than in LEDs. Furthermore, light intensity decreases with aging, and dentists should regularly monitor the conditions of light units.
关键词： Light curing unit,dental equipment,radiometer,light intensity,dental offices
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A greyscale voxel model for airborne lidar data applied to building detection
摘要： The existing binary voxel model algorithm for 3D building detection (3BD) from airborne lidar cannot distinguish between connected buildings and non-buildings. As a result, a greyscale voxel structure model, using the discretised mean intensity of lidar points, is presented to support subsequent building detection in areas where buildings are adjacent to non-buildings but with different greyscales. The resulting 3BD algorithm first detects a building roof by selecting voxels characterised by a jump in elevation as seeds, labelling them and their 3D connected regions as rooftop voxels. Then voxels which fall into buffers and possess similar greyscales to that of the corresponding building outline are assigned as building facades. The results for detected buildings are evaluated using lidar data with different densities and demonstrate a high rate of success.
关键词： lidar,greyscale,voxel,building detection,point cloud,intensity
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29