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FFT analysis of surface structures fabricated by laser interference lithography
摘要： This paper presents an FFT (fast Fourier transform) analytical method for the study of surface structures fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL). In the work, the FFT analytical method combined with Gaussian fitting is used to determine the periods and pattern distributions of surface structures from frequency spectra. For LIL, the processing parameters of incident and azimuth angles can be obtained corresponding to the period and pattern distribution. This work facilitates the detection of micro- and nano-structures, the analysis of pattern distribution in engineering, and the processing error analysis of LIL.
关键词： surface structures,micro- and nano-structures,pattern distribution,laser interference lithography,FFT analysis
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Enhanced optical efficiency and color purity for organic light-emitting diodes by finely optimizing parameters of nanoscale low-refractive index grid
摘要： To extract the confined waveguided light in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), inserting a low refractive index (RI) periodic structure between the anode and organic layer has been widely investigated as a promising technology. However, the periodic-structure-based light extraction applied inside devices has been shown to severely distort spectrum and affect EL characteristics. In this study, a simple light extraction technology using periodic low-RI nanodot array (NDA) as internal light extraction layer has been demonstrated. The NDA was fabricated simply via laser interference lithography (LIL). The structural parameters of periodic pattern, distance, and height were easily controlled by the LIL process. From computational analysis using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the NDA with 300 nm pitch and 0.3 coverage ratio per unit cell with 60 nm height showed the highest enhancement with spectral-distortion-minimized characteristics. Through both computational and experimental systematic analysis on the structural parameters of low-RI NDA-embedded OLEDs, highly efficient OLEDs have been fabricated. Finally, as representative indicators, hexagonal and rectangular positioned NDA-embedded OLEDs showed highly improved external quantum efficiencies of 2.44 (+29.55%) and 2.77 (+57.38%), respectively. Furthermore, the disadvantage originating from the nanoscale surface roughness on the transparent conductive oxide was minimized.
关键词： organic light-emitting diodes,nanodot array,FDTD simulation,laser interference lithography,light extraction,low refractive index
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Performance improvement of inverted perovskite solar cells using TiO2 nanorod array and mesoporous structure
摘要： In view of the low carrier mobility of organic materials, the carrier collection ability was suffered from the short transport length before carriers were recombined. To improve performances by enhancing carrier collection ability, the optimal period was 1.5 μm which was obtained by changing the period of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod array in the inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs). The power conversion efficiency was improved to 11.96% from the 7.66% of the standard planar IPSCs. Besides, due to the inherent properties of high absorption surface area and high light scattering ability, the 150-nm-thick TiO2 mesoporous layer was embedded in the TiO2 electron transport layer. By changing the annealing temperature, the optimal crystallinity of anatase phase and the optimal porous distribution were obtained in the TiO2 mesoporous layers annealed at 500 °C for 30 min. Using the optimal annealed TiO2 mesoporous layers in the IPSCs, the power conversion efficiency was improved to 12.73%. The power conversion efficiency of 14.47% was obtained for the IPSCs embedded with the optimal 1.5-μm-periodic TiO2 nanorod array and the optimal 500 °C-annealed TiO2 mesoporous layer in the electron transport layer, simultaneously.
关键词： Nanorod array,Laser interference lithography system,Titanium dioxide material,Mesoporous layer,Inverted perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Enhancement of the Power Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Surface Patterning of Azobenzene Thin Films
摘要： Nanoscale-patterned azobenzene thin films were incorporated in organic solar cells to scatter incident light, thus increasing the optical path length of photons inside the active area. This ultimately led to significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancements in the active layer. Specifically, the azobenzene thin films were patterned with two-dimensional crossed surface relief gratings inscribed via laser interference lithography. The patterned films were then bleached and thermally stabilized by exposure to strong ultraviolet light before being incorporated in P3HT:PC61BM and PTB7:PC61BM solar cells. The fabricated solar cells exhibited a PCE enhancement of 133%, from 1.37 to 3.19%, for P3HT:PC61BM solar cells, and a PCE enhancement of 302%, from 0.53 to 2.13%, for PTB7:PC61BM solar cells.
关键词： azobenzene thin films,laser interference lithography,organic solar cells,power conversion efficiency,surface relief gratings
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Sensitive and Reproducible Gold SERS Sensor Based on Interference Lithography and Electrophoretic Deposition
摘要： Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising analytical tool due to its label-free detection ability and superior sensitivity, which enable the detection of single molecules. Since its sensitivity is highly dependent on localized surface plasmon resonance, various methods have been applied for electric ?eld-enhanced metal nanostructures. Despite the intensive research on practical applications of SERS, fabricating a sensitive and reproducible SERS sensor using a simple and low-cost process remains a challenge. Here, we report a simple strategy to produce a large-scale gold nanoparticle array based on laser interference lithography and the electrophoretic deposition of gold nanoparticles, generated through a pulsed laser ablation in liquid process. The fabricated gold nanoparticle array produced a sensitive, reproducible SERS signal, which allowed Rhodamine 6G to be detected at a concentration as low as 10?8 M, with an enhancement factor of 1.25 × 105. This advantageous fabrication strategy is expected to enable practical SERS applications.
关键词： laser interference lithography,electrophoretic deposition,gold nanoparticle array,surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy,pulsed laser ablation in liquid
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36