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Tin halide perovskite films made of highly oriented 2D crystals enable more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells
摘要： Low toxicity and an ideal energy bandgap make 2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites a promising photovoltaic material. However, the disordered crystal orientation and the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ still need to be addressed. Here, we demonstrate that the annealing of FASnI3 assisted by phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride enables the formation of more ordered 2D tin-based perovskite crystals oriented vertically. We use in-situ synchrotron-based grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to correlate the higher crystal orientation to the better device performance. We measured a maximum power conversion efficiency of >9%. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride acts as a barrier layer at the surface of the crystals protecting the tin from the oxidation. Hence, this work paves the way for more efficient and stable lead-free perovskite solar cells.
关键词： phenyl ethyl ammonium chloride,photovoltaic material,crystal orientation,lead-free perovskite solar cells,oxidation of Sn2+,2D Ruddlesden-Popper tin-based halide perovskites,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Refractory plasmonics enabling 20% efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells
摘要： Core-shell refractory plasmonic nanoparticles are used as excellent nanoantennas to improve the efficiency of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SiO2 is used as the shell coating due to its high refractive index and low extinction coefficient, enabling the control over the sunlight directivity. An optoelectronic model is developed using 3D finite element method (FEM) as implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to calculate the optical and electrical parameters of plain and ZrN/SiO2-modified PSCs. For a fair comparison, ZrN-decorated PSCs are also simulated. While the decoration with ZrN nanoparticles boosts the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC from 12.9% to 17%, the use of ZrN/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles shows an unprecedented enhancement in the PCE to reach 20%. The enhancement in the PCE is discussed in details.
关键词： lead-free perovskite solar cells,refractory plasmonics,ZrN/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles,power conversion efficiency,optoelectronic modeling
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Surface optimization by poly(α-methylstyrene) as additive in the antisolution to enhance lead-free Sn-based perovskite solar cells
摘要： Surface quality of the perovskite layer plays an important role in the determination of the device performance. This study presents an e?ective method to optimize the surface morphology for the lead-free formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite solar cells. Poly(α-methylstyrene) (PAMS) was applied as polymer additive into the diethyl ether at di?erent blend concentration. The addition of PAMS can apparently reduce the pinholes at the surface of the FASnI3 ?lm without ruining the interior crystallinity of the bulk FASnI3 layer. Therefore the non-radiative carrier traps can be e?ectively suppressed. The surface of the FAsnI3 ?lm becomes more hydrophobic which facilitates the consequent spin-coating of the acceptor material solution. The modi?cation of FASnI3 ?lm’s wettability is favorable of the photo-induced carriers’ extraction and transportation. As a result, the power conversion e?ciency of the PAMS-modi?ed devices is greatly improved.
关键词： Polymer additive,Antisolution,Lead-free,Perovskite,Solar cells,Poly(α-methylstyrene)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Influence of the Iodide to Bromide Ratio on Crystallographic and Optoelectronic Properties of Rubidium Antimony Halide Perovskites
摘要： Rubidium antimony halides are a promising low toxic alternative to organo-lead halide perovskites as photovoltaic material. In this contribution we systematically investigate the influence of varying the bromide to iodide ratio on the structural, optical and photovoltaic properties of Rb3Sb2Br9-xIx (x = 0 – 9). Single crystal data reveal that all compounds crystallize in a 2D-layered monoclinic crystal structure. Sequential substitution of iodide with the smaller bromide does not change the crystal system, however, increasing the bromide content results in a shrinkage of the unit cell as well as in a blue shift of the absorption onset, increasing the band gap from 2.02 eV to 2.46 eV. Whereas the photovoltaic properties of bromide rich compounds are limited due to a preferential orientation of the layered structure parallel to the substrate, which is detrimental to charge transport, solar cells with Rb3Sb2I9 as absorber material display power conversion efficiencies of 1.37%. Moreover, the devices exhibit low hysteresis properties and are stable for more than 150 days stored under inert atmosphere.
关键词： single crystal,thin film,antimony perovskites,photoluminescence,lead-free perovskite,solar cells,structural characterization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46