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Fabrication and characterization of a low-cost interposer with an intact insulation layer and ultra-low TSV leakage current
摘要： The application of a Si interposer is hindered by its complicated manufacturing process, high cost and some reliability challenges such as through silicon via (TSV) leakage. In this paper, a fabrication approach using a Si interposer is proposed, which can simplify the manufacturing process significantly and reduce the cost by more than 40%. Benefiting from the simplified process, the TSV insulation layer stays intact during the whole manufacturing process, an ultra-low TSV leakage current can be obtained. To evaluate the performance and reliability of the interposer, test samples consisting of 136 TSVs are designed and fabricated. A series of tests are carried out to verify the electrical insulating performance and reliability of the interposer. Under the bias voltage of 5 V, the TSV leakage current is 2.05 × 10?14 A, which is much lower than the usual value in the range of 10?12 –10?9 A. The yield of daisy chains exceeds 91.66% and that of individual TSVs is more than 99.91%. All the interposer samples have successfully passed the thermal cycle test, and the resistance variation of each individual pathway is within 5% after 200 cycles.
关键词： interposer,insulation layer,TSV leakage current,3D-IC integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE) - Cochin, India (2020.1.2-2020.1.4)] 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020) - A New Step-Up Transformerless Inverter Topology for 1-é? Grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic System
摘要： In this paper, a step-up transformerless inverter topology is investigated for the grid-connected solar PV system. This proposed topology combines the features of the DC-DC step-up converter and two-level inverter. The important features of this topology are: First, the proposed topology keeps the negative terminal of the PV source directly connected with the neutral of the grid. Therefore, there is no variation in the CMV, which appears across the PV parasitic capacitance, resulting in negligible leakage current and higher efficiency. Negligible leakage current makes this topology highly suitable for transformerless grid-connected solar PV application; second, due to the step-up feature of the proposed topology, the inverter output voltage can be greater than the input DC voltage of solar PV which makes the proposed topology suitable for connecting lower voltage solar PV modules. The topology works with a simple and dedicated PWM scheme, which consists of certain logic operations as explained in the text. The modes of operation, design of the converter, PWM strategy, and analysis are presented in detail. The MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate the proposed grid-connected system for 300W power rating and all the results are included in the paper, which shows that the proposed system gives higher efficiency with lower THD in grid-current.
关键词： PV fed system,Leakage current,Two-level inverter,step-up transformer-less inverter,DC-DC converter
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Quantum States of Heralded Photons
摘要： In this paper, the design and the development of a remote system for continuous monitoring of leakage currents and ground currents in high voltage electrical substations are proposed. Based on wireless local area network technology, the system can be used to monitor continuously a variety of plants within the substation and has low power consumption with inbuilt overvoltage protection. It consists of a transmitter module equipped with a data acquisition (DAQ) system connected to leakage current and voltage sensors, and a receiver module connected to a remote controller for data processing and storage. The principle of operation and the characteristics of the various components of the system are described. Validation tests have been used to verify its performance in three different test situations: A) laboratory monitoring of the leakage current and voltage of a distribution surge arrester; B) laboratory measurement of the leakage current of an outdoor insulator; and C) ?eld monitoring of the earth current and potential rise of high-voltage tower. The measured results are in close agreement with those recorded directly through a DAQ card with ?ber-optic and coaxial cable connected systems. Data processing is carried out at the receiving end so that the monitored parameter is displayed continuously or at speci?ed time intervals. The operation of the system has been tested and proved resilient under high-frequency interference signals such as those generated by corona and surface discharges.
关键词： wireless transmission,solar power,surge arrester,data acquisition,high-voltage substation,leakage current measurement,insulator,WLAN system,Continuous monitoring
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Improved Leakage and Output Characteristics of Pixelated LED Array for Headlight application
摘要： We investigated the effects of etching conditions on the performance of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of various sizes aimed at vehicle headlamp applications. Photoluminescence (PL) images showed that after wet etching, the percentage of bad LED arrays significantly increased from 75% to 94%, and the leakage current at ?5 V significantly increased from 1.14 × 10?9 A to 5.02 × 10?6 A. It was shown that plasma etching turned an Ag layer into Ag particles, the size and density of which depended on the treatment time and Ag layer thickness. These Ag particles served as micro-masks during dry etching. Plasma etching produced relatively uniform hillocks of diameters 0.9–1.43 μm and heights 0.85–2.5 μm. Moreover, the PL images showed that dry etching did not degrade the LED arrays. Furthermore, the light output power of the dry-etched LEDs was higher than that of the wet-etched LEDs. For example, the output power levels of the dry-etched LEDs (chip sizes: 240 × 290 μm2, 240 × 490 μm2, and 490 × 1190 μm2) at 100 mA were 20.4%, 15.0%, and 11.2% higher than those of the corresponding wet-etched LEDs, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrated a vehicle headlamp unit consisting of Ag-particle-based plasma-etched LEDs.
关键词： leakage current,vehicle headlamp,light output power,etching,LED
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Mechanism of leakage current increase in p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN power devices induced by ON-state gate bias
摘要： An increase in OFF-state leakage current in p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), induced by ON-state gate bias, was observed and reported in this paper. Higher OFF-state leakage current was observed with higher gate bias voltage and longer bias duration. We propose that the initial increase in OFF-state leakage current and its subsequent decay with time are due to persistent photoconductivity effects in GaN induced by hole injection and electroluminescence during the ON-state gate bias. At room temperature, it took more than 20 s for the increased leakage current to reduce to its equilibrium level in the dark. The related physical mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in the p-GaN gate HEMT structure are also proposed.
关键词： p-GaN gate,AlGaN/GaN HEMTs,persistent photoconductivity,leakage current,electroluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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From Bulk to Nano: A comparative investigation of Structural, Ferroelectric and Magnetic properties of Sm and Ti co-doped BiFeO3 multiferroics
摘要： In this investigation, multiferroic bulk ceramic materials with nominal compositions Bi1-xSmxFe1-yTiyO3 (x, y=0.00, 0.03, 0.06) are synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction technique. Their corresponding nanoparticles are fabricated from these bulk powder materials using cost-effective ultrasonication method. Then, the structural and multiferroic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles and their bulk-counterparts are compared. The X-ray diffraction patterns of 6% Sm-Ti co-substituted BiFeO3 nanoparticles as well as their bulk powder materials confirm rhombohedral to orthorhombic structural phase transition. Dynamic Light Scattering analysis (DLS) demonstrates the formation of particles with a size in the range of 10-100 nm for the 6% Sm-Ti co-substituted BiFeO3 sample. The fabricated nanoparticles of this particular composition also exhibit suppressed leakage current density and enhanced ferroelectric behavior. These nanoparticles also demonstrate improved ferromagnetic behavior compared to their bulk counterparts. Thus, the present investigation illustrates the impact of Sm and Ti as co-doping elements with 6% concentration in BiFeO3 nanoparticles with improved structural and multiferroic properties required for practical applications.
关键词： nanoparticles,DLS analysis,leakage current density,multiferroic properties,ultrasonication
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The Influence of the EVA Film Aging on the Degradation Behavior of PV Modules Under High Voltage Bias in Wet Conditions Followed by Electroluminescence
摘要： The influence of the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film quality on potential induced degradation was studied on in-house developed mini modules with p-type monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The modules were assembled with EVA films of equivalent qualities, but different ages and exposed to an accelerated test (relative humidity = 85%, T = 60 °C, Vbias = +1000 V). The age of the EVA film was determined from the time we received the EVA film, and opened the sealed enclosure and the time of lamination. After the EVA film was removed from the sealed enclosure, it was kept in a dark place at room temperature. The storage times of the “fresh,” “aged,” and “expired” films were: less than 14 d, around 5 mo, and more than 5 years, respectively. While modules with a “fresh” EVA film exhibit almost no degradation, the modules with the “aged” EVA film degrade very rapidly and severely. Their degradation rate was around 0.2%/d during the 2000 h of damp heat test. We also observed a strong silver line corrosion, which occurs because of the peroxide leftovers in the “aged” EVA films.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) modules,high voltage stress,EVA film,Degradation,potential induced degradation (PID),leakage current
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nd-Cr co-doped BiFeO3 thin films for photovoltaic devices with enhanced photovoltaic performance
摘要： BiFeO3 films and Nd-Cr co-doped BiFeO3 films were prepared by sol-gel method followed by spinning process on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates. By testing the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, it was found that Nd-Cr co-doping will increase the light absorption rate of the film and reduce the optical band gap. The reduced bandgap can facilitate the transport of carriers. After Nd-Cr co-doping, the leakage current of the film is effectively reduced, which is near four orders of magnitude lower than the leakage current density of the pristine BiFeO3 film. The reduction of leakage current will enhance the ferroelectric polarization. The enhancement of ferroelectric polarization is more favorable for the separation of photogenerated carriers. Compared with the pristine BiFeO3 film, the short circuit photocurrent density, open circuit photovoltage and power conversion efficiency of Nd-Cr co-doped BiFeO3 film are all clearly improved. The Nd-Cr co-doped BiFeO3 films exhibited largely enhanced photovoltaic property, which favored the practical application of BiFeO3-based films in photovoltaic devices.
关键词： Element doping,Thin films,Ferroelectric property,Photovoltaic property,Bismuth ferrite,Leakage current
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Facile approach for the periodic poling of MgO-doped lithium niobate with liquid electrodes
摘要： The emerging quantum communication applications advance the rapid development of up-conversion single-photon detectors and entangled photon-pair sources, of which the core components are both based on frequency conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides. The MgO-doped congruent lithium niobate (Mg:LN) is known as the most promising material for the fabrication of PPLN because of its attractive properties, but the leakage current complicates the high-quality periodic poling of Mg:LN, especially for the technique with liquid electrodes. In this paper, we demonstrated an effective approach to suppress the leakage current by using SiO2 dielectric layer of appropriate thickness, and high-quality periodic poling has been realized in 5 mol.% Mg:LN wafers with the diameter of 76.2 mm based on the electric-field poling method using liquid electrodes. The ease of clear remove of the liquid electrodes benefits for the fabrication of waveguides on the wafer surface, and the wafer-level manufacture of PPMgLN with easy operation and high rate of finished products facilitates the mass production of PPMgLN devices for quantum communication applications.
关键词： liquid electrodes,leakage current,Mg:LN,periodic poling,SiO2 dielectric layer
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Thermally-stable low-loss polymer dielectrics enabled by attaching crosslinkable antioxidant to polypropylene
摘要： Polymer dielectrics with low loss and high-temperature tolerance are extremely desirable as electrical energy storage materials for advanced electronics and electrical power applications. They can allow fast switching rates during power conversion and therefore achieve high power densities without thermal issues. Here we explore polypropylene (PP), the state of the art dielectric polymer, and present an innovative approach to substantially improve the thermal stability and concurrently reduce the dielectric loss of PP. In particular, crosslinkable antioxidant groups, hindered phenol (HP), are incorporated into PP via well-controlled chemical synthesis. The grafted HP can simultaneously serve as radical scavenger and crosslinker, thereby constraining thermally decomposed radicals and charge transport in the synthesized PP-HP copolymer. As a result, the upper-temperature limit of PP-HP is greatly extended to 190 ?C and the electrical loss is even gradually reduced upon thermal annealing. The copolymer after heating under 190 ?C exhibits better dielectric properties than the PP without any thermal treatment. The experimental results indicate that the PP-HP copolymers are promising materials for high temperature, low loss, and high voltage dielectric applications.
关键词： energy storage,crosslinking,hindered phenol antioxidants,functionalized polypropylene,high-temperature low-loss dielectrics,electrical leakage current
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59