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Long-distance tracing of the lymphatic system with a CT/fluorescence dual-modality nanoprobe for surveying tumor lymphatic metastasis
摘要： Noninvasive visualization of deep tissue lymphatic metastasis is crucial for diagnosing malignant tumors and predicting prognosis. However, the limited diffusivity and specificity of imaging contrast agents that are transported in lymph vessels (LVs), even for those agents delivered by nanocarriers, make long-distance tracing of the lymphatic system in vivo challenging. Here, we develop a CT/fluorescence dual-modality phospholipid nanoprobe (PL(I/D)NP) with a negative charge and sub-60 nm size. By using micro-CT, we noninvasively traced the LVs from the subcutaneous injection site in feet to the thoracic ducts with an entire length of ~68 mm and measured the volume of the lymph nodes (LNs) and their separation distance along the LVs. For diagnostic imaging of tumor lymphatic metastasis, all LNs with metastasis were identified in vivo. Thus, with their long-distance diffusivity, high lymphatic capillary specificity and quantifiability, the PL(I/D)NPs combined with noninvasive imaging accurately depicted the changes in the lymphatic system under pathologic conditions, especially cancer metastasis, which indicates their high potential for clinical applicability.
关键词： lymphatic system,nanoparticle,fluorescent imaging,micro-CT,lymphatic metastasis
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - Krakow, Poland (2018.10.16-2018.10.18)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST) - A novel method to explore intrarenal arterial tree using micro-CT
摘要： The minimally invasive approach for renal surgeries, among others, requires preoperative determination of intrarenal arteries. Their proper identification based on standard preoperative CT images is still not a fully solved problem. Therefore, we decided to resolve this issue by providing a tree topology model using post-mortem kidneys. The number of vessels that compose intrarenal tree is so large, that it cannot by analyzed manually without the aid of image processing techniques. So that, the vessels has to be first depicted using an imaging technique that enables to provide superior resolution in comparison to standard CT scan. In this paper, we present a research on various injection materials enabling to fill the vascular beds in order to scan them using micro-CT and further reconstruct as a 3D model. The evaluated materials were chosen so that they are widely available and affordable. We compare them in terms of their ability to absorb ionizing radiation and penetrate vascular beds (density, viscosity), homogeneity, solidification rate, resistance to solvents and durability. We also present the technique of injecting kidney arteries with the use of the selected material - two-part epoxy adhesive with 10% iodine. In contrast to standard corrosive endocast preparation, in our case there is no need to remove soft parenchymal tissue which takes about two weeks using corrosive materials such as strong acids and bases. The proposed filling material enables to enhance vascular tree to such extend that micro-CT scans of the whole kidneys can be performed. This enables instantaneous substance injection and imaging without permanently destroying the soft tissue material. This approach can be used in various scenarios in which a filling material with the ability to increase radiation absorption is required and there is a need to maintain the integrity of the structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such attempt. The obtained vascular trees by the means of micro-CT confirm the validity of the presented approach.
关键词： cast,micro-CT,3D vascular tree,minimally invasive surgery,contrast agents,ability to absorb ionizing radiation,kidney surgery,injection materials,kidney
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[Fundamental Biomedical Technologies] Advanced High-Resolution Tomography in Regenerative Medicine (Three-Dimensional Exploration into the Interactions between Tissues, Cells, and Biomaterials) || Introduction to X-Ray Micro-tomography
摘要： X-ray computed tomography (CT) represents one of the most powerful 3D non-destructive imaging techniques exploited in clinics to help the diagnostic process of many diseases. The progress achieved in the realization of detectors, in x-ray tube technology, and in the computational power of modern hardware has led to its translation toward micrometer and sub-micrometer range resolution applications. Micro-CT and nano-CT systems based on conventional micro-focus x-ray tubes or newest generation liquid-metal-jet anode (MetalJet) systems are, today, available and largely applied in biomedical research for in vitro studies of biomaterials, scaffolds, bones, teeth, etc. as well as for morphologic and functional studies on excised organs and small animals. Absorption-based imaging is the basis for the most common modality of CT scanners; however, the recent developments of x-ray sources based on synchrotron laboratories and capable to reach unprecedented characteristics of brilliance and intensity have allowed the implementation of innovative imaging approaches. These techniques exploit the refraction of x-rays in the matter instead of their absorption, overcoming the intrinsic limitation of conventional techniques and broadening the utility of micro-CT. In this chapter an overview of the basics of micro-CT will be given, starting from the sources characteristics, then describing the x-ray interactions with matter, and finally addressing the image formation principles. In this latter paragraph, particular attention will be reserved to phase-sensitive techniques, highlighting their potentials to improve biomedical research.
关键词： Nano-CT,Micro-CT,Phase-sensitive techniques,Biomedical imaging,X-ray computed tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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In vitro assessments of white-spot lesions treated with NaF plus tricalcium phosphate (TCP) toothpastes using synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SR micro-CT)
摘要： Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR micro-CT), considered superior to standard polychromatic micro-CT techniques, was used to assess the densities of bovine enamel white-spot lesions (WSL) treated in a 10-day pH cycling model with either: (A) Clinpro Tooth Crème (0.21% NaF plus TCP), (B) Clinpro 5000 (1.1% NaF plus TCP) or (C) Tom’s of Maine (0% NaF) dentifrice. Each day consisted of four 2 min treatments, one 4 h acid challenge (pH=5.0), and immersion in artificial saliva (pH=7.0) between these events. After 10 days, WSL specimens were evaluated for lesion depth using confocal microscopy and lesion density using SR micro-CT with depths ranging from 2.76 to 113.16 μm, in 2.76 μm slice increments. Statistical analyses (Student’s t-test) were performed at the 95% confidence level. SR micro-CT analyses revealed the NaF plus TCP dentifrices improved WSL densities relative to the fluoride-free toothpaste, and is consistent with an earlier study utilizing polychromatic micro-CT. In contrast to previous findings, SR micro-CT analyses also revealed significant differences in WSL densities treated with the two NaF dentifrices at enamel depths of 13.80, 16.56, and 19.32 μm. These findings suggest SR micro-CT may be especially suited for detecting density differences in lesions sensitive to fluoride-driven remineralization processes.
关键词： X-ray linear attenuation coefficient (X-ray LAC),synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SR micro-CT),density,Toothpaste,monochromatized X-ray beams,fluoride,remineralization
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46