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SNR analysis and estimation for efficient phase noise mitigation in millimetre-wave SC-FDE systems
摘要： This study demonstrates a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis and estimation algorithm for efficient phase noise mitigation that can be practically applied to single-carrier frequency-domain-equalisation (SC-FDE) systems that operate in millimetre-wave bands. First, the effect of phase noise in SC-FDE systems is investigated on each of the packet reception processes, namely, channel estimation, SNR estimation, and data-field reception. According to the analysis, an SNR estimation algorithm is proposed. The performance of minimum-mean-square-error equalisation and conventional phase noise mitigation algorithm can be enhanced using the proposed SNR estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed analysis and SNR estimation algorithm is verified through the link-level simulation. Compared with the conventional SNR estimation and the iterative phase noise mitigation algorithms, the proposed algorithm provides a lower packet-error rate without any iterative decoding process.
关键词： SNR analysis,phase noise mitigation,millimetre-wave,channel estimation,SC-FDE systems,packet-error rate
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Millimetre-wave low-temperature co-fired ceramic bandpass filter with independently controllable dual passbands
摘要： This study presents a detailed investigation on the frequency properties of the stub-loaded stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). For the first time, the frequency controllability of the third and fifth harmonic resonant frequencies (f3 and f5) of the SIR under different ratios of impedance and electric length is subjected to a complete theoretical analysis. It can be found that there is a length ratio which makes f3 and the voltage-null point at f3 never be affected by the change of the impedance ratio. Furthermore, the stub loaded at this voltage-null point also has no effect on f3. These features are successfully applicable to realise independent frequency control for dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs). In this situation, a new coupling path through the loaded stub can be constructed only for f5, and the coupling coefficients for the two bands can be individually varied. Accordingly, both the operational frequencies and bandwidths of the two bands can be separately adjusted. For demonstration, an independently controllable dual-band BPF operating at 27.5/33?GHz is designed and fabricated for millimetre-wave wireless applications. Good accordance is achieved between the simulated and measured results.
关键词： low-temperature co-fired ceramic,independently controllable,bandpass filter,dual passbands,millimetre-wave
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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SURVEY OF BEAM STEERING TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE FOR MILLIMETER WAVE APPLICATIONS
摘要： Pattern reconfigurable antennas (beam steerable antennas) are essential for various applications in electronic engineering such as telecommunication and radar. They mitigate interference by channelling the antenna’s radiation to the direction of interest. This ability is vital for millimetre wave frequency applications such as small cell backhaul links where high path loss, attenuation from obstacles, and misalignment due to wind sway and accidents are prevalent. Several techniques have been used to implement beam steering over the years, most of which achieves steering at the expense of antenna performance. In this article, we surveyed the various techniques used in achieving beam steering and analyse each based on some figures of merit with the aim of identifying areas of improvements for each beam steering technique.
关键词： radar,pattern reconfigurable antennas,beam steering,telecommunication,millimetre wave
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Folded aperture coupled patch antenna fabricated on FPC with vertically polarised end-fire radiation for fifth-generation millimetre-wave massive MIMO systems
摘要： The authors proposed a folded aperture-coupled patch antenna (ACPA) on a flexible printed circuit (FPC) with vertically polarised end-fire radiation, suitable for fifth-generation millimetre-wave massive multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) systems. For low-cost implementation, antenna elements were fabricated on a single polyimide substrate. The fabricated FPC was first folded to implement a three-layer ACPA, and then the feed line was bent 90° to achieve end-fire radiation. Measurement of five antenna samples demonstrates that the resonance frequency lies between 27.7 and 28.3?GHz. Each antenna sample has the bandwidth (|S11|?<??10?dB) >1.2?GHz. The measured antenna gain is 2.74?dBi at 28.1?GHz, and the difference between co- and cross-polarised radiation intensities is >15?dB in all directions of interest. To improve the impedance bandwidth and the gain further, they increased the distance between the patch and the aperture of the proposed antenna by folding the fabricated FPC multiple times without an additional layer. Experimental results confirm the bandwidth of 2.64?GHz (26.27–28.91?GHz) and the gain of 3.80?dBi at 28?GHz. Additionally, the 1?×?8-folded APCA array is simulated to verify the feasibility for a practical application of multi-beam massive MIMO technology.
关键词： flexible printed circuit,fifth-generation millimetre-wave,massive MIMO systems,folded aperture-coupled patch antenna,vertically polarised end-fire radiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Filterless frequency octupling circuit using dual stage cascaded polarization modulators
摘要： This paper demonstrates the photonic generation of millimetre-wave carriers by frequency octupling of a radio frequency (RF) carrier using a circuit with two parallel arms each containing two polarization modulators in series. The low RF drive power required and the absence of optical filters make this architecture suitable for generating highly stable and tunable optical millimetre-waves. A transfer function representation is used to analyse the operation and a simulation using Virtual Photonic Inc. software package is presented as a proof of concept. The simulation results show very high unwanted optical and electrical side harmonic suppression ratio for a wide range of modulation index compared to the prior art. Further, considering the practical scenario, operating tolerance against the imbalances in the key parameters is established. The unwanted RF sidebands are more than 19 dB and 30 dB below the desired signal power even when a deviation of ±3° is considered in individual RF phase and polarizer angle respectively.
关键词： Optical millimetre wave generation,polarization modulator,frequency octupling,polarizer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design and characterisation of a screen-printed millimetre-wave flexible metasurface using copper ink for communication applications
摘要： In this paper, a design, fabrication and characterisation of metasurfaces with the anisotropic response for millimetre waves (MMW) have been presented for the seamless, secure and low-loss high-frequency communication. Two frequency bands, 29 GHz and 60 GHz have been selected for the development of an efficient, cost-effective and broadband metasurfaces constituting an octa-armed star-shaped and symmetric dual orthogonally I-shaped structures respectively. Low-cost and high-performance nanoscale printing inks and pastes have been deployed in the screen printing technique in order to perform the fabrication of designed metasurfaces on the flexible films. Electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of the proposed metasurfaces are evaluated by using the state-of-the-art testing facilities to demonstrate their potential performance attributes in wave-propagation at MMW for high data rate communication links.
关键词： metasurface,flexible,5G,wireless,millimetre-wave
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Medium-Transparent Packet-Based Fronthauling for 5G Hot-Spot Networks
摘要： In order to meet the traffic density requirement and cope with the technical challenges of hot-spot scenarios exhibiting extreme user density in very confined geographical areas, the fifth generation (5G) networks must undergo radical technological and architectural innovations that support a broad solution portfolio. This solution mix includes spectrum expansion to the millimeter Wave (mmWave) band, massive Multiple-Input Multiple- Output antennas and network densification through remote radio head deployment. Since the current Common Public Radio Interface-based mobile fronthaul cannot cope with massive mmWave multi-Gbps traffic streams, it is imperative to introduce a novel converged 5G architecture, specifically designed to facilitate mmWave access to massive amounts of users. To this end, a Medium Transparent Medium Access Control (MT-MAC) protocol has been proposed, designed to operate over a converged mmWave analog Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) fronthaul. MT-MAC allows for fast and direct negotiation of wavelength, radio frequency and time resources between the base band unit and the mmWave users, while offering fast on-demand link formation. However, its performance has not yet been evaluated under 5G heavy-traffic scenarios, as the ones previously described. Hence, in this paper, we investigate the performance of an MT-MAC-enabled fronthaul and report on its suitability for mmWave hot-spot 5G access networks.
关键词： fronthaul,optical-wireless,millimetre wave (mmWave),C-RAN,passive-optical-networks (PON),radio-over-fiber (RoF)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Millimetre-wave beam steerable leaky-wave antenna for 5G systems
摘要： A beam steerable Leaky-Wave antenna (LWA) is designed based on Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) and High Impedance Surface (HIS) materials for future millimetre-wave (mm-wave) mobile applications such as 5G. The antenna beam steering is obtained by changing the phase of reflection coefficient (S11) of the HIS through varying the separation between the HIS periodic array and ground layers. This is accomplished by employing direct current (DC) biased piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) on the ground layer. The antenna’s simulated S11 bandwidth (BW), beam scanning range and maximum gain at 54.5GHz are about 3GHz, 43° in H-plane and 13.7dBi, respectively.
关键词： Millimetre-wave antenna,Piezo-electric actuator,high gain antenna,Leaky-wave antenna
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.26-2018.9.28)] 2018 15th European Radar Conference (EuRAD) - Noise Removal in Near Range Active Millimeter Wave Three-dimensional Imaging System
摘要： Aimed at the noise removal in near range active millimetre wave pulse linear frequency modulation (LFM) based three-dimensional imaging system, this paper proposes a novel noise removal algorithm, which combines the independent component analysis (ICA) and Wigner-Hough transform. The algorithm is effective in noise suppression and easy to implementation. In a semi-physical simulation system, the algorithm improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the echo signal by 10dB in standard target imaging experiment which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the noise removal algorithm.
关键词： Wigner-Hough transform,three-dimensional millimetre wave imaging,independent component analysis,pulse linear frequency modulation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - London, UK (9-13 April 2018)] 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018) - Design of Millimetre Wave Phase Shifting Periodic Metasurfaces
摘要： A high impedance surface capable of analogue phase shifting in the millimetre wave band has been simulated and is realisable with the use of piezoelectric actuators with enhanced displacement. The phase shifter demonstrates a signi?cantly higher bandwidth and frequency range, along with lower losses, than previously proposed systems. Tuning can be achieved with a single, mechanically ampli?ed, piezoelectric actuator. Using the available displacement provided by such actuators, it has been demonstrated that over 200 degrees of phase shift should be achievable over a 27 GHz band when utilising the improved patch unit cell.
关键词： phase shifter,high impedance surface,millimetre wave
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14