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Evaluation of methods for gravity wave extraction from middle-atmospheric lidar temperature measurements
摘要： This study evaluates commonly used methods of extracting gravity-wave-induced temperature perturbations from lidar measurements. The spectral response of these methods is characterized with the help of a synthetic data set with known temperature perturbations added to a realistic background temperature profile. The simulations are carried out with the background temperature being either constant or varying in time to evaluate the sensitivity to temperature perturbations not caused by gravity waves. The different methods are applied to lidar measurements over New Zealand, and the performance of the algorithms is evaluated. We find that the Butterworth filter performs best if gravity waves over a wide range of periods are to be extracted from lidar temperature measurements. The running mean method gives good results if only gravity waves with short periods are to be analyzed.
关键词： running mean,sliding polynomial fit,lidar,extraction methods,temperature perturbations,spectral response,gravity waves,Butterworth filter
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Environmentally friendly methodology for fouling removal in pipeline based on leaky guided wave generated by quasi-axisymmetric excitation mode
摘要： In this paper, an environmental and innovative clean technique for pipeline fouling is proposed, which is based on leaky ultrasonic guided waves (LUGWs) generated by quasi-axisymmetric excitation mode. The cavitation, which induced by the LUGWs in liquid medium, is employed for removing fouling inside a pipe. Cavitation corrosion and high-speed jet generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles destroy fouling layer, and no by-products are formed during the removal process, which means that fouling removal in this way is friendly to the environment. The working frequency is determined by finite element method models and experiment. The effect of removal and its uniformity are measured by mass analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy from macro to micro. The descaling experiment results show that the proposed method is able to remove the fouling inside a pipe uniformly.
关键词： Finite element method,Fouling removal,Quasi-axisymmetric,Leaky ultrasonic guided waves
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Direct Imaging of Isofrequency Contours of Guided Modes in Extremely Anisotropic All-Dielectric Metasurface
摘要： In this work, we investigate an all-dielectric metasurface based on the silicon on insulator platform for manipulating of guided modes in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. We use the Fourier modal method to demonstrate numerically, that guided modes excited in the metasurface support both hyperbolic-like and elliptic dispersion regimes. We implement a back focal plane microscope combined with a high refractive index solid immersion lens to directly image the isofrequency contours of the guided modes (surface waves). Reconstruction of dispersion unambiguously reveals the transition between different dispersion regimes.
关键词： Fourier microscopy,All-dielectric metasurface,isofrequency contours,Fourier modal method,dispersion reconstruction,surface waves
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Reduced order derivation of the two-dimensional band structure of a mixed-mode resonator array
摘要： In this paper, the 2D band structure of a mixed-mode metamaterial resonator array for in-plane waves is investigated. The band structure in the interior and on the boundary of the irreducible Brillouin zone and 1D dispersion diagrams for different propagation angles are calculated numerically and presented. Additionally, a reduced order analytical method is established to compare and approximate the band structure. The studied metamaterial, with a T-shaped cantilever beam as the resonator in its square array repeating unit cells, exhibits branches with mixed P and SV waves except at exactly one angle of propagation. This paper also reports on the occurrence of avoided level crossings, which are related to the existence of exceptional points in the complex domain. A reduced order analytical approach is used that can generate partial (low branches) band structure with relatively little computational effort. The reduced order model agrees well with the numerical results for these low branches and can provide support in mode identification and band sorting. With proper adjustments in parameters, this analytical method will be applicable to other metamaterials that have a similar unit cell structure.
关键词： band structure,reduced order model,resonator array,metamaterial,avoided level crossings,mixed-mode waves
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Structural, optical, and morphological stability of ZnO nano rods under shock wave loading conditions
摘要： Shock wave recovery experiment on crystalline materials is a hot research topic for aerospace applications. In this research article, authors present and demonstrate the stability of physical properties of ZnO nano rods (ZnO NRs) under shock wave loaded conditions. The test sample is synthesized by hydrothermal method and the shock waves were generated using a table top semi automatic pressure driven shock tube. A shock wave of 2.2 Mach number which has a transient pressure of 2.0 MPa and temperature 864 K was made to strike four test samples for the counts of 50,100,150 and 200, respectively. The shock loaded samples were subjected to XRD and optical analysis so as to understand the influence of shock waves in the structural and optical properties. The results show that ZnO NRs have magnificent molecular, optical, structural and morphological stability for 50,100 and 150 shocks. Though, when the number of shock pulses was increased to 200 and a blue shift was observed in UV-Vis spectrum, no changes in structural properties took place which was evidenced from XRD. From this shock wave recovery experiment, it is clear that ZnO NRs are highly stable against shock waves and hence this material is suggested for the aerospace and military applications.
关键词： ZnO nano rods,Aerospace applications,Structure stability,Shock waves
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Shock wave induced enhancement of optical properties of benzil crystal
摘要： In this article, we present the results of the experimental work on the impact of shock waves on optical properties of benzyl crystalline material. Test material of benzil crystal is grown along [100] plane by Sankaranarayana - Ramasamy method. In the present work, the functional shock waves of Mach number 1.7 are generated from pressure driven shock tube. The optical properties of test material are investigated by UV-Visible spectrometer over the range between 200 and 800nm. The observed results show that the intensity of the absorption spectrum is inversely proportional to the number of exposed shock waves. The direct and indirect optical band gap energy (Eg) and Urbach tail energy (Ug) are determined from the optical absorption spectrum for pre and post shock wave loaded condition and found that shock wave loaded test crystal has high band gap energy. The optical constants namely extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant, skin depth, optical density, optical conductivity and electrical conductivity are investigated and the obtained results are compared with post shock wave loaded benzil crystal with the incident light possessing wavelength at 700 nm. The results are found to be very impressive for the shock wave recovery experiments that are to be clearly discussed.
关键词： Transmission,Shock Waves,Re-crystallization,Benzil crystal,Optical properties
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Numerical and experimental investigation of damage severity estimation using Lamb wave–based imaging methods
摘要： In this article, estimation of crack size, shape, and orientation was investigated numerically and experimentally using Lamb waves. A hybrid global–local approach was used in conjunction with the imaging methods for the numerical simulation. The hybrid global–local approach allowed fast and efficient prediction of scattering wave signals for Lamb wave interaction with crack from various incident directions. The simulation results showed the directionality effect of the scattering wave signals and suggested an optimum transmitter–sensor configuration. Two imaging methods were used: one involves the synthetic time reversal concept and the other involves Gaussian distribution function. Both imaging methods show very good agreement during simulations. Experiments were designed and conducted based on the simulated results. A network of eight piezoelectric wafer active sensors was used to capture the scattering waves from the crack. Both the pitch-catch and pulse-echo experimental modes were used. The directionality effect of incident Lamb waves on the imaging results was studied. The effect of summation, multiplication, and combined algorithms for each imaging method was studied. It was found that both methods can successfully predict the crack size and orientation. An attempt was made to use these imaging methods for detecting and sizing smaller sized damage (1- to 3-mm-diameter hole). It was found that these methods can successfully localize the hole, but size estimation was a bit challenging because of the smaller dimensions. The scattering waves for various hole sizes were studied.
关键词： synthetic time reversal,crack sizing,Structural health monitoring,wave propagation,scattering waves
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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GENERATION OF COMPLEX SOURCE POINT EXPANSIONS FROM RADIATION INTEGRALS (Invited Paper)
摘要： This paper discusses methods for expanding fields radiated by arbitrary sources enclosed by a certain minimum sphere in terms of Complex Source Point (CSP) beams. Two different approaches are reviewed; the first one is based on a spectral radiation integral, where the Fourier-spectrum is obtained by far field matching. The second approach consists of two steps: first, the equivalence principle is applied to a sphere enclosing the real sources, and a continuous equivalent electric current distribution is obtained in terms of spherical waves; then, the continuous current is extended to complex space and its SW components are properly filtered and sampled to generate the discrete set of CSPs. In both cases, the final result is a compact finite series representation with a number of terms that matches the degrees of freedom of arbitrary radiated fields; it is particularly efficient when the fields are highly directional and the observation domain is limited to a given angular sector. The fact that the CSPs rigorously respect Maxwell's equations ensures the validity of the expansion from near to far zone and allows one to incorporate the CSP representation in a generalized admittance matrix formalism for the analysis of complex problems.
关键词： CSP beams,field expansion,degrees of freedom,generalized admittance matrix,spectral matching,radiation integrals,Complex Source Point,spherical waves
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 21st Saudi Computer Society National Computer Conference (NCC) - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2018.4.25-2018.4.26)] 2018 21st Saudi Computer Society National Computer Conference (NCC) - Millimeter Wave Switching in Radio over Fiber Networks using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)
摘要： 5G wireless communication systems promise efficient spectrum utilization, advanced modulation and access techniques, and high data rate. To obtain these requirements, millimeter wave (MMW) signals and subsystems are the most suitable to be used. The Modules and devices, proposed for these networks, are intended to use the efficient capabilities of photonic technologies. In this paper, a photonics-based millimeter wave switch, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, is proposed by exploiting the nonlinear effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). This includes four wave mixing (FWM), self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM). A 10 Gbps/16QAM-OFDM signal carried over 30 GHz MMW carrier is considered for signal switching. Moreover, we studied the up- and down- wavelength conversion schemes, in terms of probe and pump signal’s power. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of SOA’s injection current and wavelength spacing between the two injected beams that enable optical single sideband (OSSB) generation and switching. Simulation results show possibility of transmitting and switching OFDM signal with 1×10-3 and 13 % rms symbol error rate (SER) and error vector magnitude (EVM), at -22 dBm received power. The simulation is carried out using Virtual Photonic Integrated (VPI) software.
关键词： optical single side band (OSSB),orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM),millimeter waves (MMW),semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA),wavelength conversion,5G
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Detection and visualization of water surface three-wave resonance via a synthetic Schlieren method
摘要： Three-wave resonance is one of the most fundamental energy-transfer mechanisms that can occur among weakly nonlinear surface waves. Here we show experimentally that if two source waves are propagating at an angle to each other, the conditions for three-wave resonances are satisfied and a third resultant wave is produced. We present 3D visualization of surface waves using the Free-Surface Synthetic Schlieren (FS-SS) method, which removes the need for the addition of a light-diffusing agent, thereby retaining the surface tension and viscous properties of water. For three triad frequencies, we compute the average temporal power spectral density (PSD) of the wave heights. The direction of wave propagation is visualized by integrating the temporal PSD and by obtaining the average spatial PSD for each triad. Our results are in good agreement with the theory.
关键词： Hydrodynamic waves,Signal Processing,Flow visualization and imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52