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- Conditional Random Fields (CRF)
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) - Rajshahi, Bangladesh (2019.7.11-2019.7.12)] 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) - State Modeling to Investigate the CW Pumping Behaviour of Organic Solid-State Lasers
摘要： Molecular communication is an emerging communication paradigm for biological nanomachines. It allows biological nanomachines to communicate through exchanging molecules in an aqueous environment and to perform collaborative tasks through integrating functionalities of individual biological nanomachines. This paper develops the layered architecture of molecular communication and describes research issues that molecular communication faces at each layer of the architecture. Specifically, this paper applies a layered architecture approach, traditionally used in communication networks, to molecular communication, decomposes complex molecular communication functionality into a set of manageable layers, identifies basic functionalities of each layer, and develops a descriptive model consisting of key components of the layer for each layer. This paper also discusses open research issues that need to be addressed at each layer. In addition, this paper provides an example design of targeted drug delivery, a nanomedical application, to illustrate how the layered architecture helps design an application of molecular communication. The primary contribution of this paper is to provide an in-depth architectural view of molecular communication. Establishing a layered architecture of molecular communication helps organize various research issues and design concerns into layers that are relatively independent of each other, and thus accelerates research in each layer and facilitates the design and development of applications of molecular communication.
关键词： layered network architecture,molecular communication,Biological nanomachine,nanomedical application
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - A Multi-Copy Approach to Quantum Entanglement Characterization
摘要： Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are used daily by millions of people worldwide to dictate messages, control devices, initiate searches or to facilitate data input in small devices. The user experience in these scenarios depends on the quality of the speech transcriptions and on the responsiveness of the system. For multilingual users, a further obstacle to natural interaction is the monolingual character of many ASR systems, in which users are constrained to a single preset language. In this work, we present an end-to-end multi-language ASR architecture, developed and deployed at Google, that allows users to select arbitrary combinations of spoken languages. We leverage recent advances in language identification and a novel method of real-time language selection to achieve similar recognition accuracy and nearly-identical latency characteristics as a monolingual system.
关键词： Automatic speech recognition (ASR),multilingual,deep neural network (DNN),language identification (LID)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Smart Technologies (ICETST) - Karachi, Pakistan (2020.3.26-2020.3.27)] 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Smart Technologies (ICETST) - Soft Computing Technique based Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
摘要： Energy production capability of a photovoltaic (PV) system is extensively depends upon the ambient temperature (T) and solar irradiance (Ee). In order to adapt the ever increasing interest in energy, the PV array must be operated at the maximum power point (MPP). However, due to varying climatic conditions, there is a low energy ef?ciency problem. In this research article, a robust and ef?cient nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is designed to extract maximum power from the PV array. This study uses arti?cial feed-forward neural network (AFNN) to generate the reference voltage for MPPT using non-inverting DC-DC Buck-Boost converter. Asymptotically convergence is ensures using Lyapunov stability criteria. The MATLAB/SIMULINK platform is used to design, simulate and test the performance of the proposed technique. To further validate the proposed control technique in terms of ef?ciency, tracking speed and robustness, results are compared with the non-linear backstepping (B) technique under continuous conditions of environment, faults and parametric uncertainties.
关键词： Buck-Boost converter,Neural Network,MPPT,Photovoltaic,SMC
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Smart Technologies (ICETST) - Karachi, Pakistan (2020.3.26-2020.3.27)] 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Smart Technologies (ICETST) - Artificial Intelligence based Nonlinear Integral Back-stepping Control Approach for MPPT of Photovoltaic System
摘要： The energy demand of the world has been intensively increased since last two decades. The need of energy is forcing the think tanks of the developed countries to move towards the alternative energy resources. Solar energy is the most suitable solution to overcome the energy crises. In this regard, this article presents the nonlinear integral back-stepping (IB) control approach for maximum power extraction of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed control strategy gives robustness against constantly varying conditions of environment. Non-inverting case of buck-boost DC-DC converter is used as interface between load and PV array. Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is generated the reference (Vref ) under different climatic conditions for the tracking of the developed control scheme. IB control technique is also checked under faulty conditions. The Simulations are preformed in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Moreover, the proposed technique results are compared with perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique.
关键词： Neural network,MPPT,Solar energy,IB
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Estimating Solar Insolation and Power Generation of Photovoltaic Systems Using Previous Day Weather Data
摘要： Day-ahead predictions of solar insolation are useful for forecasting the energy production of photovoltaic (PV) systems attached to buildings, and accurate forecasts are essential for operational efficiency and trading markets. In this study, a multilayer feed-forward neural network-based model that predicts the next day’s solar insolation by taking into consideration the weather conditions of the present day was proposed. The proposed insolation model was employed to estimate the energy production of a real PV system located in South Korea. Validation research was performed by comparing the model’s estimated energy production with the measured energy production data collected during the PV system operation. The accuracy indices for the optimal model, which included the root mean squared error, mean bias error, and mean absolute error, were 1.43 kWh/m2/day, ? 0.09 kWh/m2/day, and 1.15 kWh/m2/day, respectively. These values indicate that the proposed model is capable of producing reasonable insolation predictions; however, additional work is needed to achieve accurate estimates for energy trading.
关键词： neural network,energy production,photovoltaic systems,solar insolation,forecasting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) - Nara, Japan (2019.5.19-2019.5.23)] 2019 Compound Semiconductor Week (CSW) - Nonlinear Acoustic Dynamics in Nanoelectromechanical Waveguides
摘要： A novel adaptive radial basis function neural network H-in?nity control strategy with robust feedback compensator using linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is proposed for micro electro mechanical systems vibratory gyroscopes involving parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed system is comprised of a neural network controller, which is designed to mimic an equivalent control law aimed at relaxing the requirement of exact mathematical model and a robust feedback controller, which is derived to eliminate the effect of modeling error and external disturbances. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, it is shown that H-in?nity tracking performance of the gyroscope system can be achieved, all variables of the closed-loop system are bounded, and the effect due to external disturbances on the tracking error can be attenuated effectively. Numerical simulations are investigated to demonstrate that the satisfactory tracking performance and strong robustness against external disturbances can be obtained using the proposed adaptive neural H-in?nity control strategy with robust feedback compensator by LMI technique.
关键词： neural network control,Adaptive control,H-In?nity Control
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Sixteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communication Networks (WOCN) - Bhopal, India (2019.12.19-2019.12.21)] 2019 Sixteenth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communication Networks (WOCN) - Analysis and Design of Stub loaded Closed Loop Microstrip Line Filter for Wi-Fi Applications
摘要： The design of a compact Band Stop Filter (BSF) operating at 2.4 GHz is discussed in this paper. Initially, a BSF is designed using insertion loss method and is validated by simulation software ANSYS Designer. The designed filter is then modified as a planar stub loaded closed loop resonator energized using microstrip line. The simulation of this filter is optimized using ANSYS HFSS. A prototype is fabricated on FR-4 epoxy having dielectric permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The theoretical results and simulation results are experimentally validated using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Empirical equations for the filter designs is also presented. The equations is able to predict the resonant frequency with less than 4 % error. All the three, theoretical results, simulation results and measured results are in good agreement.
关键词： closed loop resonator,Stub loading,Band Pass Filter (BSF),Filter,Vector Network Analyzer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.10.7-2019.10.10)] 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - [Front cover]
摘要： Efficient power management of the radio is a critical requirement for the battery-operated portable electronic devices incorporating wireless transceivers to have a longer runtime. The power management function of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) allows stations (STAs) to operate in the doze mode to save energy significantly. In this paper, the enhanced timer-based power management (E-TPM) scheme, which supports the applications with delay-intolerant uplink traffic (DIUT), is presented for infrastructure IEEE 802.11 WLANs. With E-TPM, the radio transceiver of the dozing STA is woken up right away when an outgoing frame is generated by the STA so that DIUT is transmitted in a timely manner. In addition, a novel model for stochastic analysis of the E-TPM is developed. Based on this model, the probabilities that an STA is active, idle, or dozing are derived, and the power consumption of the STA, the number of frames buffered at the access point (AP) for the STA operating in doze mode, and the average delay per frame are obtained. These results enable an efficient power management algorithm that optimizes the idle timer and doze duration at the STA so that the doze mode does not result in extra delay in DIUT, and the delay of downlink traffic is controlled within a given bound. Numerical results show that the proposed E-TPM is able to considerably reduce delay with limited available memory space at the AP.
关键词： Energy conservation,IEEE 802.11,wireless local area network (WLAN),power management
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High sensitivity simple structured displacement sensor using corrugated substrate-integrated waveguide (CSIW)
摘要： Cognitive radio is a promising technology for sharing the underutilized frequency bands that have been licensed to primary users. However, due to the uncertainty in detecting the existence of the primary user, the secondary user may interfere with the primary users when both primary and secondary users are active simultaneously. Therefore, understanding the interference and its consequences on the cognitive network is critical. Unlike the statistical models previously reported in the literature that aim at approximation of the interference, based on the solid mathematical analysis, we propose an accurate model for describing the co-channel interference with probability density function, cumulative distribution function, mean, and variance of the interference suffered by the primary users. The proposed model not only takes into account a number of factors, such as the spectrum-sensing scheme, the spatial distribution of secondary users, and the channel conditions, including shadowing and Nakagami fading, but also gives an exact mathematical expression of the influences from these factors. The developed framework supports practical applications such as evaluating the cognitive network of any spatial shape and density of the secondary users and the methods of power control and spectrum sensing used by the secondary users. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the analytical model.
关键词： cognitive radio,Interference modeling,cognitive network
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Analog Radio-over-fiber WDM-PON Architecture for 5G Millimeter-wave Interface
摘要： As the standardization of network-assisted device-to-device (D2D) communications by the Third Generation Partnership Project progresses, the research community has started to explore the technology potential of new advanced features that will largely impact the performance of 5G networks. For 5G, D2D is becoming an integrative term of emerging technologies that take an advantage of the proximity of communicating entities in licensed and unlicensed spectra. The European 5G research project Mobile and Wireless Communication Enablers for the 2020 Information Society (METIS) has identified advanced D2D as a key enabler for a variety of 5G services, including cellular coverage extension, social proximity, and communicating vehicles. In this paper, we review the METIS D2D technology components in three key areas of proximal communications—network-assisted multi-hop, full-duplex, and multi-antenna D2D communications—and argue that the advantages of properly combining cellular and ad hoc technologies help to meet the challenges of the information society beyond 2020.
关键词： vehicular communications,MIMO systems,full duplex,Device-to-device communications,network coding,cooperative communications
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01