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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Diagnostic imaging and radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease
摘要： Diagnostic imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However due to the relapsing nature of IBD, there is growing concern that IBD patients may be exposed to potentially harmful cumulative levels of ionising radiation in their lifetime, increasing malignant potential in a population already at risk. In this review we explore the proportion of IBD patients exposed to high cumulative radiation doses, the risk factors associated with higher radiation exposures, and we compare conventional diagnostic imaging with newer radiation-free imaging techniques used in the evaluation of patients with IBD. While computed tomography (CT) performs well as an imaging modality for IBD, the effective radiation dose is considerably higher than other abdominal imaging modalities. It is increasingly recognised that CT imaging remains responsible for the majority of diagnostic medical radiation to which IBD patients are exposed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and small intestine contrast enhanced ultrasonography (SICUS) have now emerged as suitable radiation-free alternatives to CT imaging, with comparable diagnostic accuracy. The routine use of MRI and SICUS for the clinical evaluation of patients with known or suspected small bowel Crohn’s disease is to be encouraged wherever possible. More provision is needed for out-of-hours radiation-free imaging modalities to reduce the need for CT.
关键词： Diagnostic medical radiation,Small intestine contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,Nuclear medicine,Computerised tomography,Inflammatory bowel disease,Magnetic resonance enterography,Small bowel follow-through
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Radiology, Lasers, Nanoparticles and Prosthetics || 2. Nuclei and isotopes
摘要： In Chapters 5 to 12 nuclear methods in medicine are discussed either for imaging (scintigraphy, SPECT, PET) or for radiation treatment of cancerous tissues (proton and neutron irradiation, brachytherapy). It is therefore appropriate to first introduce some basic properties of nuclides and isotopes, and in particular of radioactive isotopes which are used in nuclear medicine. This chapter is not intended to replace a textbook on nuclear physics. But it provides sufficient background information for better understanding the subsequent chapters. Handling of radiation in general and application of radioactive isotopes also requires a detailed knowledge of radiation dose and radiation safety, which are topics of Chapter 4.
关键词： scintigraphy,medicine,SPECT,neutron irradiation,PET,brachytherapy,radiation safety,proton irradiation,nuclides,cancerous tissues,isotopes,radioactive isotopes,radiation dose,imaging,nuclear medicine,nuclear methods,radiation treatment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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MELISSA: Laser ion source setup at CERN-MEDICIS facility. Blueprint
摘要： The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) has become an essential feature of many radioactive ion beam facilities worldwide since it offers an unmatched combination of efficiency and selectivity in the production of ion beams of many different chemical elements. In 2019, the laser ion source setup MELISSA is going to be established at the CERN-MEDICIS facility, based on the experience of the workgroup LARISSA of the University Mainz and CERN ISOLDE RILIS team. The purpose is to enhance the capability of the radioactive ion beam supply for end users by optimizing the yield and the purity of the final product. In this article, the blueprint of the laser ion source, as well as the key aspects of its development and operation are presented.
关键词： Laser resonance ionization,Lanthanides,Ti:sapphire,MELISSA,Isotope separation,Nuclear medicine,CERN-MEDICIS
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Aplicativo para dosimetria interna usando a distribui??o biocinética de fótons baseada em imagens de medicina nuclear
摘要： Objective: This article presents a way to obtain estimates of dose in patients submitted to radiotherapy with basis on the analysis of regions of interest on nuclear medicine images. Materials and Methods: A software called DoRadIo (Dosimetria das Radia??es Ionizantes [Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry]) was developed to receive information about source organs and target organs, generating graphical and numerical results. The nuclear medicine images utilized in the present study were obtained from catalogs provided by medical physicists. The simulations were performed with computational exposure models consisting of voxel phantoms coupled with the Monte Carlo EGSnrc code. The software was developed with the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Service Pack and the project template Windows Presentation Foundation for C# programming language. Results: With the mentioned tools, the authors obtained the file for optimization of Monte Carlo simulations using the EGSnrc; organization and compaction of dosimetry results with all radioactive sources; selection of regions of interest; evaluation of grayscale intensity in regions of interest; the file of weighted sources; and, finally, all the charts and numerical results. Conclusion: The user interface may be adapted for use in clinical nuclear medicine as a computer-aided tool to estimate the administered activity.
关键词： Nuclear medicine,Administered activity,Dosimetric evaluations,Biokinetic distribution
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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PACS-Based Multimedia Imaging Informatics (Basic Principles and Applications) || Digital Medical Imaging
摘要： The chapter discusses the fundamentals of digital medical imaging, including two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) imaging techniques, image compression, and the integration of imaging informatics with patient imaging workflows. It covers various imaging modalities such as computed radiography (CR), digital mammography, nuclear medicine imaging, ultrasound imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), highlighting their principles, applications, and the challenges in archiving and transmitting large datasets.
关键词： digital medical imaging,computed radiography,ultrasound imaging,digital mammography,PACS,2-D imaging,image compression,3-D imaging,nuclear medicine imaging,magnetic resonance imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36