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Surface functionalization of titanium with zinc/strontium-doped titanium dioxide microporous coating via microarc oxidation
摘要： Deficient osseointegration and implant-related infections are pivotal issues for the long-term clinical success of titanium (Ti) implants. Zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) serve dual functions by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting bone destruction, and Zn has good antibacterial activity. As such, this study examined the preparation of a Zn/Sr-doped titanium dioxide microporous coating (MT-Zn/Sr) on a Ti surface using microarc oxidation (MAO), with Zn and Sr evenly distributed throughout the coating. In vitro, the coating could promote the adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, showing good biological activity. Antibacterial testing demonstrated the good antibacterial activity of the coating, as it inhibited the proliferation of Staphylococcus. In vivo, MT-Zn/Sr promoted early osseointegration between the Ti substrate and the bone tissue. This work is expected to provide a new method for improving the biological activity of Ti implants and thus has important theoretical significance and great clinical prospects.
关键词： Osseointegration,Strontium,Zinc,Titanium coating,Antibacterial property
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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CaP Coating and Low-Level Laser Therapy to Stimulate Early Bone Formation and Improve Fixation of Rough Threaded Implants
摘要： Purpose: This study aimed to compare in vivo osteogenesis on rough threaded dental implants with and without calcium phosphate (CaP) coating deposition, alone or in association with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) by gallium aluminum arsenide. Material and Methods: Four groups were studied: G1: implant; G2: implant + CaP coating; G3: implant + LLLT; and G4: implant + CaP coating + LLLT. LLLT was applied for 7 days at the surgical site before and after placing the implant. Topographic characterization was performed before surgery using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectrophotometry. Bone-implant contact (BIC) was measured after 1, 2, and 6 weeks and reverse torque after 6 weeks. In short periods, G2, G3, and G4 showed significantly greater BIC than G1 (P < 0.05), but no difference in BIC was observed at 6 weeks. However, the values for the removal torque test at 6 weeks were higher in G2 and G4 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both CaP coating alone and using LLLT induce cellular stimulation and improve BIC in short-term healing, resulting in higher implant fixation, and should be considered in clinical practice due to their low cost and high effectiveness.
关键词： osseointegration,biomimetic,laser,dental implant
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Influence of lowa??level laser therapy on implant stability in implants placed in fresh extraction sockets: A randomized clinical trial
摘要： Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been suggested to improve primary stability at the early stages of osseointegration in animal models. However, there is still scarce evidence about its influence on implant stability in humans. Purpose: To assess the influence of LLLT on implant stability in implants placed in fresh extraction sockets. Material and methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed according to the SPIRIT guidelines and is reported following the CONSORT. Patients were randomly allocated according to control or LLLT groups. LLLT consisted in the application of GaAlAs laser (808 nm, avg. power density: 50 mW, circular spot diameter and area: 0.71 cm/0.4cm2) applied in six points in contact mode with peri-implant soft tissue (1.23 minutes in each point of application; dose per point 11 J) before bone perforation and after suturing. The total dose resulted in 66 J per application moment. This LLLT protocol was applied only in the dental implant placement session. Implant stability was by ISQ at implant placement (T0) and the abutment selection (Ta). Digital radiographs for T0 and Ta were used to assess the distance between the implant platform and alveolar bone crest, in millimeters. T-test and Shapiro-Wilk test were used to analyze data between groups using the implant as a unit of analysis. Results: Fifty implants were placed in 44 patients. The insertion torque ranged from 15 to 60 N.cm (mean 35.64 ± 13.34). Two implants of the LLLT and one of the control groups were lost to follow-up and one implant of the control group failed to osseointegrate (4.3%). ISQ at T0 ranged from 17 to 79 (mean 59.33 ± 13.05) and from 40 to 89 (mean 66.46 SD ± 11.56) at Ta. No differences were observed when comparing the groups with ISQ difference (P = .433) or radiographical peri-implant alterations (P = .261). Conclusions: LLLT did not influence implant stability in implants placed in fresh extraction sockets when assessed at healing abutment installation.
关键词： osseointegration,gallium aluminum arsenide lasers,dental implants,controlled clinical trial
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of Novel Laser Dental Implant Microtopography on Human Osteoblast Proliferation and Bone Deposition
摘要： The aim of this study was to compare how two innovative laser titanium surfaces and sandblasted and acid-etched surfaces influence human osteoblast behavior during osteogenesis and the initial phases of bone deposition. Human osteoblasts from human adipose stem cells were sorted by flow cytometric analysis and induced to differentiate. After 40 days, the osteogenic differentiation was detected by alizarin red staining, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was evaluated with western blot (WB) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PcR) analysis. After confluence, human osteoblasts were cultured onto two different innovative laser-obtained titanium surfaces (L1 and L2) and compared with one sandblasted and acid-etched (SBAE) surface as the control. At different times, human osteoblast behavior was evaluated with cell proliferation viability assay (MTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-rays (EDAX), osteogenic markers with RT-PcR, and WB analysis of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN). Results: After cell sorting, the human osteoblasts from human adipose stem cells showed increasing values of ALP mRNA and protein expression. The osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by quantitative alizarin red staining assay. Profilometric and SEM analysis showed relevant differences between SBAE, L1, and L2 specimens. After 20 days of culture onto titanium samples, SEM evaluation showed a small number of human osteoblasts and isolated sites of bone matrix deposition in SBAE specimens. At the same time, on L1 surfaces, only an osteoblast mono-layer with initial bone deposition was found, while on L2 specimens, there was a thick network with flattened large stellate cells, many cellular interconnections with strong titanium adhesion, and a large complex mineralized structure of crystal bone. After 20 days, for all titanium samples, human osteoblasts culturing EDAX analysis showed the absence of impurities and a higher bone matrix deposition in L2 specimens compared with L1 and SBAE samples. Conclusion: The innovative microtopography and nanotopography laser-induced surface showed high biocompatibility with primary human osteoblast cultures and the absence of impurities. The innovative laser texture was capable of influencing the osteogenic process, confirming the critical role of titanium surface characteristics in the cell adhesion and bone deposition during the early phases of osseointegration. The association of human adipose stem cells and titanium surfaces laser-induced with an innovative procedure could generate promising improvements and developments in orthopedics, maxillofacial, and dental implant surgery.
关键词： laser titanium surface,titanium dental implant,human osteoblasts,bone,osseointegration
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in sites grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes improves osseointegration
摘要： The aim of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of implants placed in areas grafted with different osteoconductive bone substitutes irradiated with infrared low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Fifty-six rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: DBB, bone defects filled with deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBB); HA/TCP, bone defects filled with biphasic ceramic made of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP); DBB-L, bone defects filled with DBB and treated by LLLT; HA/TCP-L, bone defects filled with HA/TCP and treated by LLLT. Bone defects were performed in the tibia of each animal and filled with the different biomaterials. The grafted areas were treated with LLLT (λ 808 nm, 100 mW, ? ～ 0.60 mm) in 7 sessions with 48 h between the irradiations. After the 60-day period, the implants were placed, and the animals were euthanized after 15 and 45 days. The osseointegration and bone repair in the grafted area were evaluated by biomechanical, microtomographic and histometric analyses, and the expression of some bone biomarkers was evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis. LLLT induced higher degree of osseointegration, which was associated with the greater expression of BMP2 and OCN. LLLT performed in areas grafted with osteoconductive bone substitutes prior to implant placement improves osseointegration.
关键词： Osseointegration,Preclinical study,Bone substitutes,Low-level laser therapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Surface Patterning of Titanium to Improve Osseointegration of Dental Implants
摘要： Ultrashort pulsed direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is used to generate hierarchical line-like patterns on titanium surfaces to control cell adhesion and spreading on dental implants, thereby improving osseointegration. The DLIP structures have spatial periods of 3, 5, 10, and 17 μm. They are produced using a laser source with a pulse duration of 10 ps and cumulated energy densities between 0.1 and 78.9 J cm?2. Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and submicron features are obtained on the treated samples. The DLIP treatment leads to the development of a thick titanium oxide layer, which is imaged and quantified using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Several days (30–56) after the laser treatment, specimens with larger spatial periods are hydrophilic, whereas samples with spatial periods of 3 μm are hydrophobic. Seeded human osteoblasts on the laser-structured samples show 2.5 times higher cell numbers after 7 days in vitro culture compared with osteoblasts on a grit-blasted and etched reference sample. Finally, cell adhesion to a structured 3D dental implant is demonstrated.
关键词： dental implants,surface functionalization,direct laser interference patterning,osseointegration,titanium
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Titanium for Consumer Applications || Bone regeneration on implants of titanium alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion: A review
摘要： Bone regeneration on biomaterials is a topic of increased interest due to the possibility of creating implants that existing bone can attach to. Titanium alloys are very suitable for this purpose and have been proven to be biocompatible, while also having suitable mechanical properties [1]. Moreover, titanium alloys are one of the most widely investigated materials for metal additive manufacturing (AM), which means that custom-designed implants can be manufactured reliably by AM. The AM technology best suited to this is powder bed fusion; laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in particular holds some advantages. In this chapter, we investigate the current state of the art for the production of pure Ti and Ti6Al4V implants by LPBF, focusing on the requirements and capabilities for osseointegration. The first section discusses bone architecture and requirements for bone implants in general, identifying different requirements for different types of implants, and describing the various bone growth processes in more detail. This is followed by a section on surface structuring; the surface morphology and chemistry strongly influence the initial stages of bone growth, making it critical to the success of such implants. The next section describes porous structures, also known as lattice structures, which allow bone in-growth and attachment. This section describes various requirements for such lattices (pore size, lattice design, etc.) in terms of bone growth and summarizes what has been achieved thus far. The following section describes the mechanical properties of titanium lattice structures of various types that have been produced by LPBF. The next two sections describe in detail successful in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively, for bone growth on LPBF titanium alloys. Finally, a discussion section summarizes the current state of the art and highlights requirements for future research efforts.
关键词： Bone regeneration,Titanium alloys,Laser powder bed fusion,Additive manufacturing,Osseointegration
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effects of laser processing conditions on wettability and proliferation of Saos-2 cells on CoCrMo alloy surfaces
摘要： Any processing disturbances in laser surface texturing (LST) could compromise the resulting surface topography and their desired functional response. Disturbances such as focal plane offsets and beam incident angle variations are always present in LST processing of 3D parts and can affect the surface morphology. In this research the effects of these laser processing disturbances in producing laser induced surface structures (LIPSS) on CoCrMo alloy substrates were investigated. In particular, these two disturbances were considered as laser processing variables to determine their effects on functional responses of LIPSS treated surfaces, i.e. surface wettability and the proliferation of Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells were evaluated. It was found that the changes of laser processing conditions led to a decrease in surface wettability and Saos-2 cells proliferation. In addition, a correlation between surface wettability and cell proliferation on LIPSS treated surface was identified and conclusions made about the effects of investigated process disturbances on the functional response of LIPSS treated CoCrMo substrates.
关键词： cobalt chrome molybdenum,surface functionalization,laser induced periodic surface structures,osseointegration,laser surface texturing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04