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Innovation capability, network embeddedness and economic performance: profiling solar power innovators in China
摘要： This paper discusses the technological upgrading of China in photovoltaics technology. It explores the patterns of innovation and network embeddedness and their impact on economic performance at the firm level. Identifying the main innovators over 1995–2014 with patent and market share indicators, the landscape of their activities is inspected through two hierarchical cluster analyses in parallel: first, against the quantity, quality and diversity of patents, and second, against global-integration, component-size and position in technological knowledge networks. The resulting clusters are cross-related to understand their interrelations with age, size, turnover and productivity of actors. The multivariate analysis of variance shows a significant relationship between turnover and productivity. Global-integration in small-world networks is significantly related with economic performance. Quality of innovation shows higher importance than quantity and diversity. While specialisation in high-tech fields has positive impact on turnover, production-oriented firms with low-tech focus have higher productivity.
关键词： patent profiles,MANOVA,productivity,cluster analysis,concurrency matrix,technological upgrading,China,emerging economy,innovation system,solar photovoltaics,economic performance,network embeddedness patterns
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Short History of Photosensitive Glass Patents
摘要： The development of photosensitive glass (PG) has a remarkable history since its first commercial discovery in the 1940s. The manufacturing of PG is one of the most widely reported methods for special glass manufacturing. PGs are capable of forming permanent photographic images when subjected to light, providing security, high quality and productivity. The first U. S. patent about photosensitive glass was filed on December 8th, 1943, and published July 18th, 1950, by Stanley Donald Stookey. A historical perspective about photosensitive glass represents an important step for future applications. PG has been considered one of the most interesting research areas with potential industrial applications. A number of companies and institutions have explored the usefulness of such special glasses. In this paper, we investigated the number of published manuscripts and patents and determined the correlation of research activities to the production of new PG materials. The United States, Japan and China have been leaders in photosensitive glass development and have contributed to an impressive rise of activity in PG based on a number of new publications, author keywords, affiliations and primary characterization techniques. We verified that the number of published fundamental PG studies was greater from academic institutions than from industrial laboratories. According to the European Patent Office, more than 6,228 patents have been globally filed prior to 2013 with the terms “photosensitive” and “glass” within the title or abstract. These numbers have continued to grow along with worldwide PG-related sales. Based on the Scopus database, for the same period, 1,301 PG documents (primarily manuscripts) were published with the same terms in the title, abstract or keyword list. Statistically, there have been fewer worldwide publications of manuscripts than patents.
关键词： patent,Glass,technology,history,photosensitive
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Low Renal Oxygen Saturation at Near-Infrared Spectroscopy on the First Day of Life Is Associated with Developing Acute Kidney Injury in Very Preterm Infants
摘要： Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in preterm infants, and the identification of early markers of renal hypoperfusion is a chief challenge in neonatal intensive care units. Objectives: To describe the association between early markers of cardiovascular function and renal perfusion with AKI occurrence in a cohort of preterm infants < 32 weeks’ gestation. Methods: 128 infants were prospectively included from birth to discharge. During the first day of life, we assessed cardiovascular function, systemic and organ blood flow by Doppler ultrasound, and monitored cerebral and renal regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). These measures were analyzed in relation to developing AKI and serum creatinine (SCr) peak from day 2 to 7 of life. Results: 12 of 128 infants presented with AKI (9.4%). SCr peak was 155.3 ± 30.2 μmol/L in infants with AKI versus 82.0 ± 16.5 in non-AKI infants (p < 0.001). Among all measures of cardiovascular function and renal perfusion, low mean cerebral and renal rSO2 during the first day of life and a low resistive index at renal artery Doppler were significantly associated with developing AKI. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, low renal rSO2 on the first day of life remained associated with a high SCr peak from day 2 to 7 of life. Conclusion: Low renal rSO2 values during the first day of life correlate with developing AKI in preterm infants < 32 weeks’ gestation. NIRS monitoring of renal function during adaptation seems promising, and its very early use after birth to detect kidney hemodynamic dysfunction deserves further investigations.
关键词： Acute renal failure,Neonatal intensive care,Postnatal adaptation,Near-infrared spectroscopy,Renal function,Extremely low-birth-weight infants,Renal hemodynamics,Premature newborns,Patent ductus arteriosus
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Letter to the Editor: A response to Hruska’s case study on molecular breast imaging and the need for true tissue quantification
摘要： We applaud the efforts by Hruska et al. to quantify differences in tissue using molecular breast imaging (MBI) and background parenchymal uptake (BPU); we have discussed the use of such previously [2]. The approach while commendable did not provide diagnostically useful information to differentiate tissue types. This approach, like the utilization of standardized uptake value (SUV), compares differences in background with tissue [3]. As we have already discussed [2, 4, 5] in the literature, this approach is an incorrect model, due to (1) the critical lack of standardization and calibration of nuclear cameras including both SPECT/Planar and PET; (2) the utilization of ratios which are not absolute values and therefore cannot be used to differentiate tissue based upon those issues, critical to the understanding of tissue differences; and (3) the inability to truly 'measure' transitional changes in tissue, which would allow for the determination of actual treatment response on a per patient basis, saving time, money, and lives.
关键词： Patent protected,AI,Breast cancer,FMTVDM??,Theranostics,Quantification,B.E.S.T. Imaging??,Nuclear camera quantitative calibration,Breast inflammation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Advances in solar photovoltaics: Technology review and patent trends
摘要： Against the pressing challenges of climate change and fossil fuel depletion, renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics (PV) are considered a clean and sustainable alternative. PV technologies have grown into a substantial field of research and development through large stocks of scientific publications and patents. Besides cell technologies, the balance of system (BoS) components such as panels, electronics and energy storage form an important research area. The present article studies the development of the PV technological system using patent indicators. It is composed of three parts: First, it defines the system by thoroughly reviewing the various cell and BoS technologies. Second, it introduces a novel methodical approach for identifying its relevant patents. In that sense, the paper contributes with an accurate inventory of international patent classes for PV system. Finally, the geographical, organizational and technical trends over the past six decades are analysed along with a review of the most influential inventions. The analysis shows that 95% of the PV patent applications were filed by inventors from seven countries: Japan, Korea, China, USA, Germany, Taiwan, and France. Most patents were filed by companies and related to thin-film and crystalline-silicon cells as well as panel encapsulation and supporting structures. The analysis reviews the quantity, quality and technological specialization within countries’ patent profiles. It further provides an overview of the technological landscape and freedom-spaces available for manufacturers.
关键词： PV cell technologies,IPC classes inventory,Renewable energy,Balance of system,Solar photovoltaics,Sectoral identification,Patent trends
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Applying Text Mining to Identify Photovoltaic Technologies
摘要： Technologies for generating energy through fossil fuels have been increasingly being replaced. In this scenario, environmentally friendly innovations have gained space, one of the branches of renewable energy is solar energy that, through photovoltaic panels, converts the irradiation into electricity or heat. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present a patent analysis, carried out with the aid of text mining, through an algorithm developed for this purpose, using the R language, in order to identify the stage of technological development of photovoltaic panels. As results, we observed that there has been an increase in patent deposits in recent years, resulting in greater efficiency and lower cost of the modules. Innovations have been identified in several areas of knowledge, hybrid technologies (panels that generate electricity and heat), manufacturing methods, fast assembly systems and self-cleaning systems are among them.
关键词： Language R,Patent,Text mining,Photovoltaic technologies,Data mining
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 3rd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS) - Wuhan, China (2019.6.1-2019.6.3)] 2019 3rd International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS) - Research on the Development Status of Photovoltaic Panel Cleaning Equipment Based on Patent Analysis
摘要： With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the cleaning equipment that can effectively improve the solar energy utilization rate by cleaning and maintaining photovoltaic panel comes into being. Dozens of enterprises at home and abroad have developed related products. Based on patent analysis method, trend, key technologies, regional distribution, advanced agencies and technology roadmap of photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment are clarified, to provide intelligence support for further development of related technologies and products by interested companies, universities and research institutes. Research results indicate that photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment related technologies are booming. Japan leads the development of this field. China starts late, but exhibits great R&D enthusiasm towards this field in recent years, and has applied a large number of patents. In terms of equipment type, on-board type cleaning robot is key R&D type. In terms of cleaning scheme, mechanical cleaning, water cleaning, air cleaning and their combination are mainstream. Moreover, there still exists certain technology gaps in the positioning, navigation and safe operation of photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment. Thus, countermeasures and suggestions are presented for the enterprises to further develop photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment related technologies.
关键词： on-board cleaning robot,photovoltaic panel,patent analysis,stand alone cleaning robot,aircraft,cleaning truck
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Exploring Industrial Knowledge Flow for Identifying Technological Development Strategy: The Case of Koreaa??s TFT-LCD Industry
摘要： Korea’s technological achievement in the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry became possible primarily through a catch-up strategy in technological development. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the Korean TFT-LCD industry’s knowledge management, the researchers highlight the strategies that key Korean firms utilized to enable a successful technological catch-up. On a national level, patent citation information is analyzed to evaluate the Korean industry’s technological knowledge position compared to other Asian countries. Results from this analysis indicate that Korea plays a central role within the knowledge network, as evidenced by the highest centrality value. On a firm level, Samsung and LG Display are investigated in the areas of technological development and manufacturing strategies. Samsung and LG Display show strength in the technological specialization of devices’ arrangements/optical operation and arrangement/circuits of control indicating devices. In addition, these two firms show more diversification to allow for new business opportunities. By integrating quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the TFT-LCD industry on national and firm levels, this research demonstrates the industry’s trajectory with depth and precision. In addition, this study contributes a meaningful strengthening of analysis methods in technological knowledge management and provides successful management factors for new latecomers in the industry.
关键词： patent citation analysis,technological specialization,technological diversification,TFT-LCD industry
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) - Valbonne Sophia-Antipolis, France (2019.6.17-2019.6.19)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) - The role on inter-organizational knowledge flows of patent citation network: The case of Thin-film solar cells
摘要： The technological network formed by the patent citation has a wealth of information on technological knowledge development. That is, the technological network formed by patent citation contains valuable information on knowledge flows. the O-I index compares the number of inflow links with that of outflow links at a single node level, so it cannot offer absolute information about the importance and role of a particular node in the entire network. This problem can be solved by using the betweenness centrality as another indicator. The betweenness centrality is defined as the number of geodesic path that pass through a node. the positions of the knowledge roles at different periods show that although most latecomers play the role of technological knowledge absorbers, some own knowledge after entering the technology industry, which gives itself a place in the knowledge role. As well, some first comers lose its importance in the knowledge role. Therefore, through the knowledge accumulation and role changing process of thin-film knowledge solar development can be more clearly understood, as well as the changing roles of different competitors at different periods, and different positions of the knowledge roles.
关键词： social network,O-I index,patent citation,knowledge flows
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 International Workshop on Fiber Optics in Access Networks (FOAN) - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019.9.2-2019.9.4)] 2019 International Workshop on Fiber Optics in Access Networks (FOAN) - Passive Optical Network: Patent Analysis
摘要： We identify research and development trends of Passive Optical Network (PON) technology by performing a competitive patent landscape analysis on a global scale. We use patent landscape analysis to identify patenting activities in different areas of innovation. Looking at large sets of patent data provides a better understanding of several important innovation waves in PON development, with an emphasis on adopted ITU and IEEE standards. In this paper, we also review key PON technology segments, discuss patent filing activity in different world regions, discuss key companies and patent leaders within the PON technology.
关键词： Passive optical network,competitive landscape,patent analysis
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22