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Impact of Illumination Correlated Color Temperature, Background Lightness, and Painting Color Content on Color Appearance and Appreciation of Paintings
摘要： Lighting design for art exhibitions has a significant impact on the enjoyment and understanding of the displayed artworks. In particular, the selection of the light sources and the design of the museum space affect the visitors’ visual perceptions of the artworks and their color appearance. This project investigated some of the potential factors—the correlated color temperature (CCT) of the illumination, the overall color content of the painting and the lightness of its background—affecting a painting’s color appearance and appreciation in a museum setting. The study involved a survey conducted in the laboratory with both na?ve observers and lighting experts. The CCT of the lighting was found to be the main factor affecting the painting’s appearance and the observers’ overall preference for the lighting arrangements, whereas the overall hue content of the painting and the background lightness had a minor influence. Furthermore, it has been found that the perceived brightness increases along with the CCT.
关键词： paintings,Artworks illumination,CCT,visual perception,visual appreciation,color vision,museum lighting,background lightness,color appearance
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing] Intelligent Human Systems Integration 2019 Volume 903 (Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2019): Integrating People and Intelligent Systems, February 7-10, 2019, San Diego, California, USA) || The Relationship Among the Optical Aspects of Photographic Composition and the Quality, Perception and Interpretation of the Realism in Virtual Images
摘要： This work investigates the connection among optical aspects of photographic composition and the quality, perception and interpretation of the level of realism of images. Therefore, to investigate this connection, an experiment was carried out in two steps: The first step consisted of performing analyzes of the optical or photographic contrasts of previously selected images. The second step was the elaboration of a questionnaire with 19 images selected in the first step, aiming to collect data about the perception and opinion of the users. Finally, the objective data from the first step was crossed with the subjective data from the second. The conclusion indicates evidence of the connection or convergence between images that obey the principles of photographic composition that are perceived as having better realism by the users. It is plausible to consider the importance of photo-graphic theory to image design for the users perceive the images as more realistic.
关键词： Virtual reality,Realism,User experience,Photography,Perception
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Electroluminescence-Testing Induced Crack Closure in PV Modules
摘要： This paper aims to highlight distinctive features of the SP theory of intelligence, realized in the SP computer model, and its apparent advantages compared with some AI-related alternatives. Perhaps most importantly, the theory simplifies and integrates observations and concepts in AI-related areas, and has potential to simplify and integrate of structures and processes in computing systems. Unlike most other AI-related theories, the SP theory is itself a theory of computing, which can be the basis for new architectures for computers. Fundamental in the theory is information compression via the matching and unification of patterns and, more specifically, via a concept of multiple alignment. The theory promotes transparency in the representation and processing of knowledge, and unsupervised learning of natural structures via information compression. It provides an interpretation of aspects of mathematics and an interpretation of phenomena in human perception and cognition. Abstract concepts in the theory may be realized in terms of neurons and their inter-connections (SP-neural). These features and advantages of the SP system are discussed in relation to AI-related alternatives: the concept of minimum length encoding and related concepts, how computational and energy efficiency in computing may be achieved, deep learning in neural networks, unified theories of cognition and related research, universal search, Bayesian networks and some other models for AI, IBM’s Watson, solving problems associated with big data and in the development of intelligence in autonomous robots, pattern recognition and vision, the learning and processing of natural language, exact and inexact forms of reasoning, representation and processing of diverse forms of knowledge, and software engineering. In conclusion, the SP system can provide a firm foundation for the long-term development of AI and related areas, and at the same time, it may deliver useful results on relatively short timescales.
关键词： information compression,unsupervised learning,perception,reasoning,multiple alignment,cognition,deep learning,mathematics,neural networks,Artificial intelligence
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser-Assisted Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Saudi Population: A Prospective Clinical Intervention of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the 1st Week of Pain Perception in Four Treatment Modalities
摘要： Background. This ?rst-in-human study in Saudi orthodontic patients has evaluated the role of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in pain perception (PP). The outcome of single application of LLLT with 4 di?erent treatment modalities (TM) on PP are evaluated following orthodontic bracket bonding on maxilla. Materials and Methods. A prospective clinical intervention with imple- mentation of parallel technique in each group, 32 orthodontic patients with ectopic canine requiring ?xed orthodontic appliance were enrolled and randomly allocated to the 4 groups: LLLT + self-ligating (SL) bracket, LLLT + conventional (Conv.) bracket, non-LLLT + SL bracket, and non-LLLT + Conv. bracket. Orthodontic bracket bonding from 1st molar to 1st molar and superelastic 0.012 inch NiTi were applied for the maxilla. For each patient, maxillary 1st molar to molar received a single application of LLLT using a 940 nm Ga-Al-As laser device on 5 di?erent points labially/buccally and palatally. Main outcome measure was the degree of PP score during the 1st week of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) after 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days of both LLLT and non-LLLT treatment applications. A questionnaire with an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) was used for PP. Results. Mean ± SD of PP in the LLLT + SL group was 3.33 ± 1.4, 3.58 ± 1.06, 2.31 ± 0.67, and 1.89 ± 0.54 in 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days, respectively. Compared to all 4 TM groups, LLLT groups showed better PP. More statistically signi?cant di?erences were found in LLLT groups. No harms were encountered. Limitations. The intervention provider and the patient were not blinded to the intervention. Conclusion. The LLLT + SL group revealed signi?cantly promising bene?ts on PP during OTM.
关键词： low-level laser therapy,self-ligating brackets,pain perception,conventional brackets,orthodontic tooth movement
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Bio-polysaccharide electrolyte gated photoelectric synergic coupled oxide neuromorphic transistor with Pavlovian activities
摘要： Recently, realizing artificial perception learning systems at the hardware level based on neuromorphic devices has become a new research branch in artificial intelligence technology. Here, we report multi-functional starch-based bio-polysaccharide electrolyte gated photoelectronic synergic coupled indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) neuromorphic transistors. Both light illumination and voltage biasing will modulate the channel conductance. Thanks to strong electrical-double-layer (EDL) coupling behaviors of the starch-based bio-polysaccharide electrolyte, the neuromorphic transistor can operate at low voltages. Interestingly, the neuromorphic transistor exhibits long-term memory response behaviors under light stimuli. Moreover, photoelectric synergic spatiotemporal integration behaviors are demonstrated by introducing a light spike stimulus and voltage spike stimulus in a temporal and spatial manner. Furthermore, connections between electric spikes and light spikes have been established, which results in the demonstration of the Pavlovian classical condition. The proposed photoelectric synergic neuromorphic transistors would have potential applications in brain-inspired multifunction intelligent perception system applications.
关键词： neuromorphic transistors,photoelectronic synergic coupling,starch-based bio-polysaccharide electrolyte,brain-inspired perception system,Pavlovian classical condition
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Speckle evaluation in laser display: From speckle contrast to speckle influence degree
摘要： Speckle contrast (SC) is universally used to evaluate speckle in laser display, which has virtues of briefness in calculating and definitude in physical meaning. But the results characterized by SC is usually inconsistent with human visual perception. In this study, an alternative framework for speckle evaluation, speckle influence degree (SID), is developed. It considers the effects of SC, sampling rate, and image resolution on perceived speckle by human eyes. Theoretical analysis is firstly conducted. Then, speckle images of different sampling rate, SC, and image resolution are generated and calculated. Finally, SID is shown to be a more comprehensive metric that could characterize the influence of sampling rate and image resolution and that is better matched with subjective perception of human eyes than SC.
关键词： Speckle evaluation,Human visual perception,Laser display,Speckle,Speckle influence degree
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
摘要： Prolonged orthodontic treatment duration is detrimental in terms of increased incidence of caries, root resorption, and reduced patient compliance. The aim of this randomized, clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and pain control. Materials and Methods: This single-blind study included twenty participants requiring extraction of all first premolars. Randomly selected split-mouth design was used. One side was irradiated with 810 nm diode laser (dose of 5.0 J/cm2) at 10 points for 10 s. Irradiation was performed just after loading canine retraction forces and on days 3rd and 7th. Every 21st day, the force level of coil spring was adjusted, and LLLT protocol was repeated till retraction was complete. Measurements were recorded on study models to evaluate the rate of retraction. Results: Significant increase in OTM was observed on the side exposed to LLLT when compared to control side (P < 0.05). Statistically significant difference in pain perception was observed during first 2 days only between lased site and control site (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LLLT is a reliable tool for enhancing OTM and is effective in relieving pain at parameter settings and protocol used in this study.
关键词： Low?level laser therapy,orthodontic tooth movement,pain perception
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Stereoscopic Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging: A Proof of Concept Toward Real-Time Depth Perception in Surgical Robotics
摘要： The increasing use of surgical robotics has provoked the necessity for new medical imaging methods. Many assistive surgical robotic systems influence the surgeon’s movements based on a model of constraints and boundaries driven by anatomy. This study aims to demonstrate that Near-Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) imaging could be applied in surgical applications to provide subsurface mapping of capillaries beneath soft tissue as a method for imaging active constraints. The manufacture of a system for imaging in the near-infrared wavelength range is presented, followed by a description of computational methods for stereo-post-processing and data acquisition and testing used to demonstrate that the proposed methods are viable. The results demonstrate that it is possible to use NIRF for the imaging of a capillary submersed up to 11 mm below a soft tissue phantom, over a range of angles from 0? through 45?. Phantom depth has been measured to an accuracy of ±3 mm and phantom angle to a constant accuracy of ±1.6?. These findings suggest that NIRF could be used for the next generation of medical imaging in surgical robotics and provide a basis for future research into real-time depth perception in the mapping of active constraints.
关键词： real-time image acquisition,NIRF imaging,stereoscopic near-infrared fluorescence,depth perception,active constraints
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Factors Influencing Social Perception of Residential Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Saudi Arabia
摘要： Saudi Arabia has taken major steps to shift from an oil-centered to more environmentally-focused economy. One approach made recently is to enable households to possess and generate electricity by using small-scale residential solar photovoltaic systems (RSPSs). However, the number of applications to install this technology in residences is signi?cantly low. Social acceptance of solar energy is essential for a successful energy transition. Hence, the present study aims to examine factors that may potentially motivate or impede individuals from purchasing RSPSs based on the di?usion of innovations theory. A cross-sectional, web-based survey is conducted including 1498 participants from the ?ve main regions of Saudi Arabia. Results revealed a good cognition level in relation to solar energy, where the majority (64–83%) of respondents are aware of the bene?ts. An overwhelming proportion of the respondents (97%) associate RSPSs with a signi?cantly positive image, with no signi?cant variation in the acceptance or rejection rates among the ?ve areas covered by the survey (p = 0.1). The results also show high statistical signi?cance for the di?erences between RSPS acceptors and rejecters in all innovation attributes (p < 0.001). However, the perception of relative advantage has a higher correlation with acceptance RSPSs. These perceived advantages were of rather long-term non?nancial bene?ts, such as environmental protection against global warming and provision of unlimited power, rather than the revenue related to direct costs bene?ts. The study also revealed that the installation cost was the most signi?cant barrier to adopting the RSPS, which can be a focus for RSPS dissemination policies.
关键词： public acceptance,residential solar photovoltaic systems,innovation discussion,social perception
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Behavioural responses to a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis implanted in non-human primates
摘要： Retinal dystrophies and age-related macular degeneration related to photoreceptor degeneration can cause blindness. In blind patients, although the electrical activation of the residual retinal circuit can provide useful artificial visual perception, the resolutions of current retinal prostheses have been limited either by large electrodes or small numbers of pixels. Here we report the evaluation, in three awake non-human primates, of a previously reported near-infrared-light-sensitive photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis. We show that multipixel stimulation of the prosthesis within radiation safety limits enabled eye tracking in the animals, that they responded to stimulations directed at the implant with repeated saccades and that the implant-induced responses were present two years after device implantation. Our findings pave the way for the clinical evaluation of the prosthesis in patients affected by dry atrophic age-related macular degeneration.
关键词： artificial visual perception,non-human primates,photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis,age-related macular degeneration,retinal prostheses
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04