- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Advances in Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) || Ultra low-k materials and chemical mechanical planarization (CMP)
摘要： The performance of integrated circuits (ICs) has been driven steadily higher over the past several decades by the twin engines of feature scaling and materials innovation—so much so that steady performance improvement is seen as a necessary aspect of the broader electronics industry. As each technology node shrank linear feature dimensions by around 70%, the required chip area diminished by 50%. This enabled additional features to be added to a chip while maintaining chip size. This halving of chip-size for equivalent functionality has enabled sustained cost reduction, which has been the second feature of the semiconductor industry. The IC can be divided into the transistor section and the interconnect section—each of which has contributed to the improvement in IC performance.
关键词： integrated circuits,chemical mechanical planarization,Ultra low-k materials,CMP,materials innovation,semiconductor devices,IC performance,feature scaling
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Periodic Defragmentation in Elastic Optical Networks
摘要： The main weakness of Elastic Optical Networks (EON) stems from spectrum fragmentation. An analysis of periodic defragmentation in EONs under dynamic traffic conditions is carried out. The effects of different defragmentation parameters on the EON performance are evaluated, and appropriate values, guaranteeing suitable network performance while keeping the network control complexity at a reasonable point, are obtained through simulations. Different network topologies as well as traffic conditions are simulated to assess the validity of the obtained results.
关键词： spectrum fragmentation,network performance,elastic optical networks,routing and spectrum assignment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Optical Performance Monitoring Systems in Disaggregated Optical Networks
摘要： In this paper, optical performance monitoring is presented as enabler to address the key challenges in disaggregated optical networks. In fact, data plane elements for non-intrusive monitoring of different modulation formats will be discussed, reviewing different options based on high resolution spectral analysis. Furthermore, we will report how the information retrieved by these monitoring probes can be used to actually control the transceivers and other data plane elements, emphasizing on the suitable ?gures of merit to be delivered to the SDN control, orchestration and management planes.
关键词： disaggregated optical networks,optical OFDM,Optical performance monitoring
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Performance evaluation of total variation (TV) denoising technique for dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) with photon counting detector (PCD): Monte Carlo simulation study
摘要： The dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) system based on a photon counting detector (PCD) is very useful providing functional information for breast cancer detection. In particular, this system can be used to solve the spectral overlap and high radiation dose problems. However, imaging noise is a big problem because of the degradation image performance and cancer detection ratio in the CEDM system. To address this problem, a total variation (TV)-based denoising technique approach has recently been studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and confirm the image performance of our TV-based denoising technique with dual-energy CEDM with a PCD. For this purpose, we simulated a dual-energy CEDM with a PCD and breast phantom in Monte Carlo simulation using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) that is an essential open source program. We also designed a TV-based denoising technique based on the L1-norm estimation included correction and iteration steps for acquiring high edge preservation in X-ray images. To evaluate the image performance, we used evaluation parameters with a contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and coefficient of variation (COV) as a function of the absorbed dose levels (2.18, 1.53, 1.09, and 0.66 mGy). According to the results, the average of all iodine thicknesses and absorbed dose conditions for the CNR using our proposed TV-based denoising technique was 1.71, 1.39, and 1.13 times higher than that acquired for the noisy image, median filter and Wiener filter, respectively. We also acquired excellent COV results for the dual-energy CEDM with a PCD system (2.53 times higher than that of the noisy image). In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that a TV-based denoising technique can be achieved with an improved image performance and the effect and feasibility of the TV-based denoising technique for dual-energy CEDM with a PCD can be investigated.
关键词： Dual-energy imaging method,Monte Carlo simulation,Total variation (TV)-based denoising technique,Photon counting detector (PCD),Evaluation of image performance,Contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Dramatically enhanced photoelectrochemical properties and transformed p/n type of g-C3N4 caused by K and I co-doping
摘要： Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) usually shows amphoteric property in a neutral solution. In this work, a K&I co-doped g-C3N4 is prepared by simply sintering the mixture of dicyandiamine, KI and I2. The K&I co-doping modulates the band structure of g-C3N4 with pulling the Fermi level toward its conduction band minimum. The obtained K&I co-doped g-C3N4 (K&I-C3N4) generates positive photocurrents over the whole investigated potential range, exhibiting a typical n-type semiconductor characteristic. Therefore, the K&I co-doping transforms the g-C3N4 from amphoteric to n-type semiconductor. Also, the prepared K&I-C3N4 shows widened light absorption range and enhanced separation efficiency of the photogenerated charge carriers, which results in the dramatically enhanced photoelectrochemical performance.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical performance,K&I co-doping,Fermi level,p/n type,Graphitic carbon nitride
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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New Path-Setup Method for Optical Network-on-Chip
摘要： With high bandwidth, low interference, and low power consumption, optical network-on-chip (ONoC) has emerged as a highly efficient interconnection for the future generation of multicore system on chips. In this paper, we propose a new path-setup method for ONoC to mitigate contentions, such as packets, by recycling the setup packet halfway to the destination. A new, strictly non-blocking 6 × 6 optical router is designed to support the new method. The simulation results show the new path-setup method increases the throughput by 52.03%, 41.94%, and 36.47% under uniform, hotspot-I, and hotspot-II traffic patterns, respectively. The end-to-end delay performance is also improved.
关键词： optical router,ONoC,path-setup method,Optical network-on-chip,network performance
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Stereoscopic Remote Vision System Aerial Refueling Visual Performance
摘要： The performance and comfort of aircrew using stereoscopic displays viewed at a near distance over long periods of time are now important operational factors to consider with the introduction of aerial refueling tankers using remote vision system technology. Due to concern that the current U.S. Air Force vision standards and test procedures may not be adequate for accurately identifying aircrew medically fit to operate this new technology for long mission durations, we investigated performance with the use of a simulated remote vision system and the ability of different vision tests to predict performance and reported discomfort. The results showed that the use of stereoscopic cameras generally improved performance but that individuals with poorer vision test scores performed more poorly and reported greater levels of discomfort. In general, newly developed computer-based vision tests were more predictive of both performance and reported discomfort than standard optometric tests.
关键词： aerial refueling,remote vision system,vision standards,visual performance,stereoscopic displays
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Alginate-graphene oxide hydrogels with enhanced ionic tunability and chemomechanical stability for light-directed 3D printing
摘要： Nanocomposite hydrogels that incorporate 2D carbon nanomaterials could enable augmented and responsive behaviors not observed with polymeric matrices alone. In particular, non-covalent interactions could facilitate enhanced mechanical performance that can be self-recovered with external stimuli. Here, we demonstrate alginate-graphene oxide (GO) hydrogels using a non-covalent, ionic crosslinking mechanism compatible with light-directed 3D printing. We show that alginate-GO hydrogels exhibit improved mechanical performance in shear, compression, and tension, including a two-fold increase in shear modulus, a three-fold decrease in inelastic deformation, and a nine-fold increase in fracture energy relative to alginate-only hydrogels. Moreover, alginate-GO hydrogels are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between nanosheets and remain intact after removal of ionic crosslinkers by chelation. As a consequence, the shear modulus of these nanocomposite hydrogels can be tuned by over 500-fold via external ion concentration. We demonstrate that alginate-GO can be stereolithographically printed into robust, freestanding and overhanging 3D structures. These designer material architectures exhibit outstanding stability and superoleophobicity in high salt solution, which can be used to repel and manipulate a variety of oils. Overall, such nanocomposite hydrogels with engineered non-covalent interactions could enable “smart” multiresponsive and multifunctional devices for aqueous and marine environments.
关键词： Superoleophobicity,Ionic crosslinking,Chemomechanical stability,Graphene oxide,3D printing,Alginate,Nanocomposite hydrogels,Mechanical performance
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Introducing Four 1,1-Dicyanomethylene-3-Indanone (IC) End-capped Groups as an Alternative Strategy for the Design of Small Molecular Nonfullerene Acceptors
摘要： Linear A-D-A or A-π-D-π-A architectures are predominant in the design of promising non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), which promoted the rapid progress of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, utilization of four electron-accepting units (A) to construct four-armed NFAs is rarely reported and the relationship of structure-properties-performance is unclear. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel acceptor (A401) with (AA)-π-D-π-(AA) configuration, where four 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) groups were used as the end-capped segments. When A401 was paired with a classic p-type polymer PBDB-T, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.54% could be achieved, which was much higher than that of the reported two-armed analogue of DC-IDT2T (3.93%). The improved photovoltaic performance of A401 should be ascribed to the high electron-affinity. Our results indicate introducing more end-capped electron-accepting units is a simple and effective alternative strategy for the design of promising NFAs. Our conceptualized molecular architecture will encourage further research of high-performance multi-armed NFAs.
关键词： photovoltaic performance,electron-affinity,electron-accepting units,organic solar cells,non-fullerene acceptors
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Recyclable Visible Light-driven O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT Membrane for Efficient Removal of Organic Pollutants
摘要： Organic pollutants are harmful to human health, which creates a global need for the development of novel and effective materials for efficiently removing contaminants. Accordingly, the efficient visible light-driven heterostructured membrane combined with oxygen-modified monolayer g-C3N4, graphene oxide, and nitrogen-doped CNT (O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT) was successfully fabricated through electrostatic interactions and subsequent vacuum filtration. The results suggested that the O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT membrane exhibited higher degradation rate than that of O-g-C3N4/GO and pure O-g-C3N4 under visible-light exposure. This enhanced photocatalytic performance was attributed to the introduction of GO and N-CNT, which acted as electronic acceptors for monolayer O-g-C3N4 that effectively inhibited recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing visible light photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the enrichment and degradation rate of O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT membranes were demonstrated for tetracycline hydrochloride, which was found up to 96.64% and 94.30%, respectively, and no distinct enrichment or catalytic activity reduction was observed when their reusability was measured. These results suggested that these recyclable O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT membranes provide a new strategy for the highly efficient removal of environmental pollutants.
关键词： O-g-C3N4/GO/N-CNT heterostructured membrane,Organic contaminants,Recyclable,Enhanced Photocatalytic performance,Enrichment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36