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Does the Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming Activation of Irrigation Solutions Alter the Dentin Microhardness?
摘要： Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) activation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the dentin microhardness and to assess the compositional changes of root dentin. Background data: It is still unclear whether PIPS activation of irrigants alters the dentin microhardness and mineral content of dentin. Materials and methods: Root canals of 72 extracted single-rooted teeth were prepared and teeth were fixed in microcentrifuge tubes with silicone impression material. After setting of the silicone, teeth were removed and split longitudinally in buccolingual direction. One half was used as control (pretreatment) while the other was placed into the tube (posttreatment). Then specimens were divided into six test groups (three with and three without PIPS activation). The irrigants tested were 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, and 2% CHX. Experimental tooth specimens were irrigated with 6 mL of test solution, with additional PIPS activation applied to the PIPS groups. Then specimens were subjected to Vickers microhardness testing. Percentage change of microhardness was calculated. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was performed to measure element content. Results: Among the irrigant-alone groups, NaOCl and CHX did not alter the dentin microhardness, whereas statistically lower microhardness values were obtained in EDTA group. Chemical composition of dentin was affected from all irrigants used. PIPS activation led to no additional alteration in dentin microhardness. PIPS significantly increased the phosphorus level in NaOCl group. Conclusions: Dentin microhardness was significantly affected by the irrigation solution, not by the PIPS activation.
关键词： irrigants,PIPS,photoacoustic streaming,dentin microhardness,mineral content
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Micro‐CT study on the removal of accumulated hard‐tissue debris from the root canal system of mandibular molars when using a novel laser‐activated irrigation approach
摘要： Aim To compare the efficacy of ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) activation for the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) from the root canal system of mandibular molars when assessed using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Methodology A total of 30 mandibular first and second molars with joining mesial root canals containing an isthmus and a single distal canal were subjected to three micro-CT scans (before and after canal instrumentation and after final irrigation) at a resolution of 15 μm. Mesial canals were prepared up to Protaper F3 rotary file, and distal canals were prepared up to Protaper F4 rotary file. Teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the irrigant activation method (n = 10): the UAI group, the PIPS group, and the SWEEPS group. The final irrigation procedures were performed using a total of 15.5 mL of 1% NaOCl for each tooth with an activation time of 3 × 30 s. After three-dimensional model reconstruction and volumetric measurement of root canals, the percentage reduction (%Rd) of AHTD was calculated. The %Rd of AHTD was analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance and nonparametric tests at a significance level of 5%. Results There were no significant differences between the three groups in terms of canal volume before or after instrumentation, or the volume of debris after canal preparation (P > 0.05). In the mesial canals, irrigation with SWEEPS reduced the overall debris by 84.31%, which was significantly more than the reduction associated with PIPS and UAI (58.79% and 50.27%, respectively). In the distal canals, the %Rd of AHTD was significantly different between PIPS and SWEEPS and between UAI and SWEEPS (P < 0.05), but was not significantly different between PIPS and UAI groups (P > 0.05). The SWEEPS had higher %Rd of AHTD than the PIPS and UAI groups. Conclusions SWEEPS was associated with significantly less debris compared than PIPS and UAI, especially in isthmus-containing mesial roots. None of the activation techniques completely removed debris from root canal systems.
关键词： ultrasonic,photoacoustic streaming,irrigation,hard-tissue debris
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22