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A novel photovoltaic battery energy storage system based on modular multilevel converter
摘要： Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been widely applied in photovoltaic battery energy storage systems (PV-BESSs). In this paper, a novel topology of PV-BESS based on MMC is proposed, where the batteries are connected to the sub-modules through DC-DC converters. It is necessary to analyze the control strategies of both DC-DC converters and MMC. Specifically, the capacitor voltage balancing and the modulation mode are important. The sorting method is proposed to balance the capacitor voltages in this paper. Moreover, carrier phase shift-square wave modulation with the highest voltage utilization ratio and the highest power transfer capability is proposed to generate PWM singles for MMC-PV-BESS. In order to verify the availability of the proposed control strategy, a simulation model is built and related experiments are carried out. The simulation results and experimental results are consistent with the theory. As a result, the voltages of all capacitors could be balanced, and the MMC-PV-BESS could reliably work.
关键词： photovoltaic,modular multilevel converter,battery energy storage system,DC-DC converter,control strategy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Performance modeling and analysis of high-concentration multi-junction photovoltaics using advanced hybrid cooling systems
摘要： This paper presents the performance modeling and analysis of the high-concentration multi-junction photovoltaic cells, using either constant-width one-section or two-stepwise microchannels-jet impingement hybrid cooling system. The performance simulation and analysis of the cells are conducted using a three dimensional-Computational Fluid Dynamics program for various operating parameters, including water flow rate (100–1300 mL/min.), inlet water temperature (10–80 °C), and heat flux (10–90 W/cm2 corresponding to concentration ratios of 250–2250). The thermal and electrical characteristics of the cells are correlated in dimensionless form as functions of the direct normal irradiance and the operating and geometrical parameters of the hybrid cooling systems. The developed high-quality explicit performance model correlations assist in the design, performance prediction, and selection of operation strategy of photovoltaic cells. The results indicated that the generated and net output power is directly proportional to the applied heat flux (concentration ratio) and inversely proportional to the inlet water temperature. Temperature uniformity of the photovoltaic base enhances with the water flow rate, deteriorates with heat flux, and less affected by the inlet temperature, particularly for the two-sections cooling system. The pumping power increases with water flow rate and decreases as both inlet temperature or heat flux increases. Heat transfer characteristics enhance significantly with water flow rate, moderately with inlet water temperature and slightly with heat flux.
关键词： Photovoltaic performance modeling,High-concentration multi-junction photovoltaic,Operating parameters,Microchannels heat sink,Electrical power correlations
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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The influence of the solar radiation database and the photovoltaic simulator on the sizing and economics of photovoltaic-diesel generators
摘要： This study evaluated the outcome differences when adopting five different solar irradiation databases on the sizing of hybrid solar photovoltaic-diesel generators designed to supply electricity to isolated minigrids. To do this, the two most widely adopted photovoltaic (PV) simulation packages in the market, namely PVsyst? and HOMER Energy? were used. The different origins, data timespan, space and time resolution, of the five most relevant solar irradiation databases available for the region were compared. A case study was presented to illustrate the influences of the solar irradiation database and the solar simulation tool on the resulting PV generator. Furthermore, the hourly behavior of the energy supply to an existing load in a minigrid in the Brazilian Amazon was evaluated, together with the savings in diesel obtained with the resulting PV generator. Evaluating the five options of solar radiation databases, for the same PV plant configuration, variations of up to 19.7% were found in the expectation of PV generation. When the simulation software package was varied, the combined effect (radiation database X PV system sizing tool) showed differences of up to 20.6%. This demonstrates that despite having different algorithms, computational tools have a small influence (less than 1%) on results. These combined differences, taking into account the load curve behavior and the total diesel generation capacity installed at the site, resulted in over 100% differences in the optimum PV generator size in the case study. The total savings in diesel fuel, over a 15-years period, ranged from $ 6.5 million to over $ 16 million (> 2.5 times) for the smallest PV system. This demonstrates the importance of the correct choice of database. These evaluations can be extended to minigrids of any size elsewhere. The novelty and originality of this study is to demonstrate and quantify for the first time the influence of the solar radiation database and the PV simulator package on the sizing of PV-diesel generators. The consequences of this study are not only of scientific and academic importance, but of economic and commercial interest as well.
关键词： Photovoltaic simulation tool,Hybrid photovoltaic-diesel power plant,Solar database,Minigrids,Solar irradiation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Optimization of laser-patterning process and module design for transparent amorphous silicon thin-film module using thin OMO back electrode
摘要： Transparent hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film solar modules are fabricated using oxide-metal-oxide (OMO) electrodes as the back electrode for building-integrated photovoltaic applications. The outer aluminum-doped zinc oxide and inner silver layers constitute a thin OMO electrode (~110 nm thick), exhibiting a sheet resistance of 6.8 Ω/□ and an average transmittance of ~88% in the visible range of 400–800 nm. The external quantum efficiency and average transmittance of the cell were investigated for the absorber-layer thickness using the finite-difference time-domain method, and it was found that the optical loss in the cell was mainly due to the absorption of the front electrode in the ultra-violet region and free-carrier absorption of the OMO in the infrared region. Fabrication issues are introduced for a 532 nm short-pulse high-power laser patterning process for transparent modules with thin OMO electrodes. Optimization of the laser power for the P2 and P3 laser processes is demonstrated by observing the profiles and measuring the shunt resistance of the laser-patterned edges. Furthermore, the cell width is optimized based on an equivalent circuit model using PSpice simulation. The highest module efficiency and average transparency achieved in the range of 500–800 nm were 5.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage per cell of the module were found to be 10.8 mA/cm2, 62.7%, and 0.830 V, respectively.
关键词： Laser patterning,Transparent amorphous silicon photovoltaic,Equivalent circuit,Building integrated photovoltaic,Cell geometry,Oxide-metal-oxide electrode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Harmonic detection method based on adaptive noise cancellation and its application in photovoltaic - active power filter system
摘要： The adaptive harmonic detection method based on the adaptive noise cancellation principle has the advantages of strong adaptability and good robustness. However, when the step size of the algorithm is selected, there is a conflict between the convergence speed and the steady-state accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved variable step size adaptive harmonic detection method. The algorithm uses the sliding integrator to find the feedback that can truly reflect the tracking situation, and substitutes it into the step size iteration formula based on L2 norm to achieve the step size adjustment. In order to further verify the superiority and practicability of the improved algorithm, the algorithm is applied to the photovoltaic-active power filter (PV-APF) system, and simulation verification is performed in MATLAB. The simulation results show that under the same simulation conditions, the convergence speed of the improved algorithm is half a cycle faster than that of the traditional method, and the steady-state error is smaller. In the application of PV-APF system, under normal light, the dual functions of grid-connected photovoltaic system and harmonic compensation are realized. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the system is 2.09%, which effectively improves the power quality of photovoltaic system.
关键词： Photovoltaic grid-connected,Adaptive noise cancellation,Harmonic detection,Active power filter,Photovoltaic-active power filter system
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Editorial: Window Electrodes for Emerging Thin Film Photovoltaics
摘要： Photovoltaics (PVs) fabricated by printing at low temperature onto ?exible substrates are attractive for a broad range of applications in buildings and transportation, where ?exibility, color-tuneability, and light-weight are essential requirements. Two emerging PV technologies on the cusp of commercialization are organic PVs and perovskite PVs. CIGS, CdTe, and a-Si solar cells also have potential applications in ?exible PVs. It is widely recognized that these classes of PV will only ful?ll their full cost advantage and functional advantages over conventional thin ?lm PVs if a suitable transparent, ?exible electrode is forthcoming (Lu et al., 2018). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most popular transparent conductor material for opto-electronics including solar cells and displays. However, the fragile ceramic nature makes ITO unsuitable for future electronics such as ?exible, stretchable, and wearable electronics because it will easily develop cracks under mechanical deformation. Instead, optically thin ?lm or metallic nanowire networks (Sannicolo et al., 2016) of the most electrically conductive metals copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) have shown promising potential, in spite of the oxidation and parasitic absorption problem of Cu and the high material cost problem of Ag and Au. Whilst the chemical, thermal, and electrical stability of transparent electrodes based on these metals presents challenges, it has been shown that thin coating layers can be very e?cient in preserving their integrity and properties (Celle et al., 2018). Additionally, low-temperature, high-throughput deposition techniques, such as spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) (Mu?oz-Rojas and MacManus-Driscoll, 2014; Khan et al., 2018), can be used to deposit these protective layers.
关键词： solar cell,photovoltaic,transparent electrode,perovskite solar cell,organic photovoltaic,metal ?lm,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN) - Noida, India (2020.2.27-2020.2.28)] 2020 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN) - Active Power Filter for Harmonic Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Grid Integrated Photovoltaic Generation System
摘要： Single phase tied with Photovoltaic arrangement (PV) employed on perturbed & observed (P&O) maximum energy point tracking technique with shunt active power filter allied to a rectifier feed R-L nonlinear load. The traditional Perturbed & Observed technique maximum energy point tracking topology is applied to attained maximum output power from Photovoltaic array(PVA), Proportional Integral conventional controller with phase detector (PLL) (PD) phase synchronization are executed to produce reference current. It provide at control unit of pulse width modulation topology( PWM) is utilized in inverter to get steady output voltage. Self supported DC bus PWM converter is regulated from PV array. In proposed architecture is minimized total harmonic pollution existing in supply current owing to power electronic load is (PEL). Total current harmonic pollution (THDi) factor obtain better than compensated using dynamic filter shunt active power filter (SAPF) and power compensation. Hence, reactive power (KVAR) is delivered through system decrease and active power (KW) enhance. The suggested scheme has been implemented by way of MATLAB/SIMULINK 2015(a) environment.
关键词： Pulse width Modulated (PWM) Converter,Proportional Integral controller,Maximum Power Point Tracking (P & O) Scheme,Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF),Photovoltaic Array (PVA)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photovoltaic anodes for enhanced thermionic energy conversion
摘要： Thermionic energy converters are heat engines based on the direct emission of electrons from a hot cathode towards a colder anode. Since the thermionic emission is unavoidably accompanied by photonic emission, radiative energy transfer is a significant source of losses in these devices. In this letter, we provide the experimental demonstration of a hybrid thermionic-photovoltaic device that is able to produce electricity not only from the electrons, but also from the photons that are emitted by the cathode. Thermionic electrons are injected in the valence band of a gallium arsenide semiconducting anode, then pumped to the conduction band by the photovoltaic effect, and finally extracted from the conduction band to produce useful energy before they are re-injected in the cathode. We show that such a hybrid device produces a voltage boost of ~ 1V with respect to a reference thermionic device made of the same materials and operating under the same conditions. This proof of concept paves the way to the development of efficient thermionic and photovoltaic devices for the direct conversion of heat into electricity.
关键词： thermionic energy conversion,photovoltaic,hybrid device,voltage boost,gallium arsenide
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (CCIOT) - Dalian, China (2018.10.20-2018.10.21)] 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (CCIOT) - Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Laser Power Beaming Based on Neural Networks
摘要： With the high voltage intelligent substation developing at a pretty high speed, more and more artificial intelligent techniques have been incorporated into the power devices to meet the automation needs. For the sake of the line maintenance staff's safety, the high voltage isolating switch draws great attention among the most important power devices because of its capability of connecting and disconnecting the high voltage circuit. However, due to high-voltage isolating switch's working environment, the power supply system of the surveillance devices could suffer from great electromagnetic interference. Laser power beaming exhibits its merits in such situation because it can provide steady power from a distance despite the day or the night. Then the energy conversion efficiency arises as a new concern. To make full use of the laser power, this paper mainly focuses on extracting the maximum power from the photovoltaic (PV) panel. And a neural network based algorithm is proposed which combines both the intrinsic and the extrinsic features of the PV panel with the proportion of the voltage of the maximum power point (MPP) to the open circuit voltage of the PV panel. Simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the validness and feasibility of the algorithm.
关键词： laser power beaming,maximum power point,neural network,photovoltaic panel
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Mixed-Cation Mixed-Metal Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications: A Theoretical Study
摘要： Perovskite solar cells based on multiple cations have shown excellent optoelectronic properties with high power conversion efficiency. Herein, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of mixed-cation mixed-metal perovskites MA1?xCsxPb0.25Sn0.75I3 were studied by employing the first-principles calculations for the first time. Our calculated results reveal that these perovskite materials possess direct band gaps in the range of 1.0?1.3 eV. Moreover, these compounds show excellent photovoltaic performance in terms of strong optical absorption coefficients compared with MAPbI3. Particularly, they also exhibit good structural stability and decrement of lead content. These results demonstrated that mixed-cation mixed-metal perovskites may be potential candidates for high-efficiency light-absorbing materials.
关键词： mixed-cation mixed-metal perovskites,electronic properties,optical properties,first-principles calculations,photovoltaic applications,structural stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01