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Multi-Site Photovoltaic Forecasting Exploiting Space-Time Convolutional Neural Network
摘要： The accurate forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is critical for smart grids and the renewable energy market. In this paper, we propose a novel short-term PV forecasting technique called the space-time convolutional neural network (STCNN) that exploits the location information of multiple PV sites and historical PV generation data. The proposed structure is simple but effective for multi-site PV forecasting. In doing this, we propose a greedy adjoining algorithm to preprocess PV data into a space-time matrix that captures spatio-temporal correlation, which is learned by a convolutional neural network. Extensive experiments with multi-site PV generation from three typical states in the US (California, New York, and Alabama) show that the proposed STCNN outperforms the conventional methods by up to 33% and achieves fairly accurate PV forecasting, e.g., 4.6–5.3% of the mean absolute percentage error for a 6 h forecasting horizon. We also investigate the effect of PV sites aggregation for virtual power plants where errors from some sites can be compensated by other sites. The proposed STCNN shows substantial error reduction by up to 40% when multiple PV sites are aggregated.
关键词： CNN,spatio-temporal correlation,multi-site photovoltaic forecasting,space-time matrix
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - 3D Bioprinting of Cyanobacteria for Solar-driven Bioelectricity Generation in Resource-limited Environments
摘要： We demonstrate a hybrid biological photovoltaic device by forming a 3D cooperative biofilm of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. 3D bioprinting technique was applied to engineer a cyanobacterial encapsulation in hydrogels over the heterotrophic bacteria. The device continuously generated bioelectricity from the heterotrophic bacterial respiration with the organic biomass supplied by the cyanobacterial photosynthesis. This innovative device platform can be the most suitable power source for unattended sensors, especially for those deployed in remote and resource-limited field locations.
关键词： 3D bioprinting,heterotrophic bacteria,unattended sensors,hybrid biological photovoltaic device,3D cooperative biofilm,cyanobacteria,bioelectricity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Co-Design of the PV Array and DC/AC Inverter for Maximizing the Energy Production in Grid-Connected Applications
摘要： Grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems are currently developed by merging a PV array and a DC/AC inverter which are designed separately, without considering the impact of the PV array operational characteristics on the power losses of the DC/AC inverter. In this paper, a co-design technique is presented, where the optimal design parameters of the PV array and DC/AC inverter in a grid-connected PV system are calculated concurrently through a unified design process. The proposed technique enables to optimally match the PV array configuration and the DC/AC inverter structure. A study has been performed, where the PV systems synthesized by applying the proposed co-design technique are compared with PV system configurations comprising PV arrays and DC/AC inverters that have been designed separately, through distinct optimization processes based on various alternative optimization objectives. The design results for two installation sites, with different meteorological conditions during a year, demonstrated that only the proposed co-design optimization technique is capable to ensure the maximization of the annual energy production of the overall grid-connected PV system.
关键词： DC-AC power conversion,Optimization methods,Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO),Renewable Energy Sources (RES),Photovoltaic (PV) power systems
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Optimal Design Method of a Hybrid CSP-PV Plant Based on Genetic Algorithm Considering the Operation Strategy
摘要： Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy and it has a great potential for development. There are two ways to transfer solar energy to electricity: photovoltaic power generation (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP-PV hybrid system can be fully integrated with the advantages of the two systems to achieve low cost, stable output, and manageable to generate electricity. In this paper, the operation strategy of the CSP-PV system is proposed for parabolic trough CSP system and PV system which are now commercially operated. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the design of the system and calculate PV-installed capacity, battery capacity, and storage capacity of CSP system, making the system to achieve the lowest cost of electricity generation. The results show that the introduction of the CSP system makes it possible to ensure the stability of the output power of hybrid system when the battery capacity is small, which greatly improves the annual utilization time of the PV and reduces solar abandonment. When the system is optimized by operation characteristics of Spring Equinox, the lowest LCOE is 0.0627 $/kWh, the rated capacity of PV and CSP system are 222.462 MW and 30 MW, storage and battery are 356.562 MWh and 14.687 MWh. When the system is optimized by the operation characteristics of the whole year, the lowest LCOE is 0.0555 $/kWh, the rated capacity of PV and CSP system are 242.954 MW and 30 MW, respectively, and the capacity of heat storage and battery are 136.059 MWh and 8.977 MWh. The comparison shows that the power generation curves of the hybrid system are similar in the two optimization-based methods—Spring Equinox based and annual based, but LCOE is lower when optimized by the annual operation characteristic, and the annual utilization rate of the system is higher when optimized by Spring Equinox based.
关键词： concentrated solar power,operation strategy,genetic algorithm,LCOE,photovoltaic power generation,solar energy,CSP-PV hybrid system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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The Influence of Moisture on the Energy Level Alignment at the MoO <sub/>3</sub> /Organic Interfaces
摘要： MoO3 is widely used in polymer-based organic solar cells as an anode buffer layer due to its high workfunction and formation of a strong dipole at the MoO3/polymer interface facilitating the charge transfer across the MoO3/polymer interface. In the present work we show that exposure of the MoO3/polymer interface to moisture attracts water molecules to the interface via diffusion. Due to their own strong dipole water molecules counter the dipole at the MoO3/polymer interface. As a consequence, the charge transfer across the MoO3/polymer will reduce and affect the charge transport across the interface. The outcome of this work thus suggest that it is critical to keep the MoO3/polymer interface moisture free which requires special precautions in device fabrications. The composition of the MoO3/P3HT:PC61BM interface is analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the depth profiling technique neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of oxygen increases upon exposure but leave the oxidation state of the Mo unchanged. Valence electron spectroscopy technique shows that the dipole across the MoO3/P3HT:PC61BM interface decreases even for short time exposure to atmosphere due to the diffusion of water molecules to the interface. The far-ranging consequences for organic electronic devices are discussed.
关键词： exposure to air,interface,dipole formation,electron spectroscopy,metal oxide,organic photovoltaic,conjugated polymer
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 Open Innovations (OI) - South Africa (2018.10.3-2018.10.5)] 2018 Open Innovations Conference (OI) - Prospective Use of Thermoelectric Device for PV Panel Cooling
摘要： The electrical efficiency of a photovoltaic panel is influenced by the rise in the panel’s temperature, especially at temperatures from and above 25 °C. For cooling a photovoltaic panel, a thermoelectric module operated as a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) attached at the back of a photovoltaic panel is a practical solution. The TEC module is used to absorb the heat generated on the surface of the photovoltaic panel, which is then dispersed by a heat-sink mounted on the opposite side of a TEC. This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model to optimally control a TEC and take into account the amount of energy used to cool down a photovoltaic panel.
关键词： Photovoltaic cooling,Solar energy,Thermoelectric cooler,Photovoltaic panel
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB) - Chennai (2018.2.27-2018.2.28)] 2018 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-Informatics (AEEICB) - PV Modules Based Grid Connected System Using Matlab Simulation
摘要： The Photovoltaic (PV) system can supply electric energy to the load by direct conversion of solar energy through photovoltaic (PV) effect. The process in which solar energy is converted into electrical energy is known as photovoltaic effect. It is depend on the different circumstance by different equations of current and voltage based on mathematical modeling. It gives current and voltage of PV module by different no. of cells and variation in irradiation and temperature. The PV cell output voltage boosts-up by the boost converter and the AC grid by DC/AC converter (inverter) control the power. This module can be further connected to the utility grid connected system for commercial and industrial application. It is provides precise modeling of P-V characteristics of solar system.
关键词： Solar Cell,Power Inverter,Photovoltaic systems,photovoltaic system,Solar Array,Solar Energy,modeling
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Experimental Comparison of the Efficiency of Low-Power PWM and MPPT Controllers of a PV/Battery under Moscow’s Climatic Conditions
摘要： The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the efficiency of the integrated controllers of PWM and MPPT PV/batteries, which are part of an autonomous photovoltaic power plant. The dependences of the efficiency on the hourly sums of solar radiation are represented, which can be used to calculate the productivity of autonomous photovoltaic systems with an hourly integration step. The operational features of the controllers during low-level periods of solar radiation are considered.
关键词： photovoltaic,solar power,solar battery,solar charge controllers,solar power plant,photoelectric converter,solar battery controller
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) - Bilbao, Spain (2018.6.4-2018.6.7)] 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) - Lighting IoT Test Environment (LITE) Platform: Evaluating Light-Powered, Energy HarvestingEmbedded Systems
摘要： As interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) grows, so does the requirement for distributed sensing, computation, and communication. Some projections reach a scale of over a trillion wireless devices, which creates a battery replacement challenge that is unsustainable for both human resources (replacement effort) and the environment (disposal). One ?eld of research that strives to meet this challenge is energy harvesting (EH) for self-powered systems. Photovoltaic (PV) cells enable EH capabilities and provide high energy density. They are also typically inexpensive, often making them the transducer of choice for self-powered systems. However, the performance of these EH nodes is rarely evaluated under realistic IoT environmental conditions, such as variable indoor lighting. Under low light, PV cells draw very little power and could place the self-powered system in a standby or even nonfunctional state. Most evaluations of EH systems in various lighting environments use software simulations to predict the behaviour of these nodes, but approximate models lack the exactness required to help with veri?cation of hardware in real conditions. Another approach is user testing in the ?eld, but this arduous solution would incur a variety of costs. This paper presents a third alternative: the Lighting IoT Test Environment (LITE) platform. The LITE platform is a tool that provides insight on how light-powered EH systems operate in low lighting environments. The LITE platform is able to physically emulate a variety of indoor and outdoor lighting sources with a novel mapping technique and provide time-series, environmental simulation of that source on a device under test (DUT). The light source emulation and time-series simulation capabilities are characterized with a worst case mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.2% and MAPE of 0.5%, respectively. By enabling engineers to accurately understand how these self-powered systems work under real world conditions, the LITE platform will better equip them to design, debug, and distribute fully functional and sustainable IoT nodes.
关键词： internet of things,test platform,system on chip,embedded systems,photovoltaic,energy harvesting,veri?cation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Computational Approach in Smart Systems Design and Applications (ICASSDA) - Kuching (2018.8.15-2018.8.17)] 2018 International Conference on Computational Approach in Smart Systems Design and Applications (ICASSDA) - Experimental and Simulated Evaluation of Temperature Effect on Panel Efficiency Performance with Front Water Cooling
摘要： The solar photovoltaic (SPV) panel cell’s temperature is the main parameter that gives significant effect on the conversion efficiency of SPV panel. In the present work, simple and efficient front water spraying cooling system in a photovoltaic panel has been designed and developed to introduce active cooling in order to eliminate heat. The performance of the proposed cooling system has been tested and evaluated for the weather climate of a city in Jitra Kedah, Malaysia. The experimental result revealed that with front water cooling system the cell temperature measured at the back of the solar panel can be significantly reduced up to 20-22 ?C. Consequently the electrical efficiency of the SPV panel improves by 10.5% with the introduction of the proposed cooling technique.
关键词： front water cooling,photovoltaic panel,panel efficiency,water spraying
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36