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Cooperative Operation of R-SFCL and Online Current Limitation Strategy of GCPVS under Asymmetrical Faults
摘要： Grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPVS) should remain grid-connected and inject specified reactive current in accordance with fault-ride-through (FRT) requirements. To minimize voltage ripples on the DC link voltage and restrict the maximum phase currents, a modified online current limitation strategy (OCLS) is presented in this paper. Transient performance of GCPVS is enhanced as resistive-type superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL) is applied under severe asymmetrical faults. By introducing proper resistance selection process, the cooperative operation of OCLS and SFCL is proved to be effective.
关键词： reactive power control,transient performance,superconducting fault current limiters (FCL),online current limitation strategy (OCLS),photovoltaic systems,Fault ride-through (FRT) capability,symmetrical and asymmetrical faults
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Sizing and improved grid integration of residential PV systems with heat pumps and battery storage systems
摘要： In the future, the remuneration of photovoltaic (PV) grid feed-in might significantly drop in Germany and questions arise if small-scale PV systems remain economically attractive. However, battery storage systems (BSSs) and sector coupling with heat pumps (HPs) provide promising opportunities to increase PV self-consumption and the value of local energy generation, but change the dynamics of PV grid integration. Thus, an optimization model is proposed to enable all involved stakeholders to analyze interdependencies between different flexibility options for PV systems, incentive and grid integration. A case study-based approach allows an efficient evaluation of future PV systems with BSSs and HPs, the impact of such decentralized power-heat-storage systems on grid integration as well as proper incentive setting for sector coupling. The analysis shows that such shifting technologies are required to avoid undersizing of PV systems. BSSs only provide a benefit for the adoption of inflexible HPs, which is not preferable from a grid integration point of view. Operational incentives, such as peak charges and PV feed-in limits, offer a chance to foster PV grid integration and use new flexibilities in a grid-supporting way. The adoption of market-oriented operation leads to small benefit for such systems, which heavily rely on PV self-consumption.
关键词： Power system planning,Heat pumps,Battery storage systems,Photovoltaic systems,Grid integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Preparation of radial ZnSe-CdS nano-heterojunctions through atomic layer deposition method and their optoelectronic applications
摘要： Radial 1-D nano-heterojunctions have distinct optoelectronic properties. However, their complex fabrication process is still the bottleneck of device applications. Herein, a facile atomic layer deposition (ALD) method was used to coat a polycrystalline CdS thin film with high uniformity and controllable thickness on the surface of the as-synthesized p-type ZnSe nanowires, for fabricating radial 1-D ZnSe-CdS nano-heterojunctions. The nano-heterojunctions exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties. Under blue/violet light, the nano-heterojunctions obtained a response radio of ~5 × 10^3, a responsitivity of ~1.43 A/W, a gain of ~3.78 and a detectivity of ~0.57 × 10^12 cmHz^{1/2}W^{-1} at zero bias. Furthermore, the nano-heterojunction also showed obvious photovoltaic characteristic with a power conversion efficiency of ~0.96%. This method is expected to play an important role in nano-heterojunction construction and their device applications.
关键词： ZnSe,CdS,Photovoltaic,Nano-heterojunction,Atomic layer deposition,Photodetector
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Replacing Flat Rate Feed-in Tariffs for Rooftop Photo-voltaic Systems with a Dynamic One to Consider Technical, Environmental, Social and Geographical Factors
摘要： A flat rate feed-in tariff (FiT) is a traditional incentive offered by many utilities around the world to encourage their customers to invest in electricity generation from renewable sources such as rooftop photovoltaic systems (RPVs). It is designed by financial techniques that mostly consider the initial capital cost and electricity spot price. However, such an incentive cannot help the utilities to address the technical challenges in networks with large renewable penetration. In this paper, a dynamic FiT is designed based on the value of electricity, hosting capacity, ambient temperature and time of day. The developed method uses Fuzzy logic to convert these parameters into a time-varying FiT. This FiT will specifically support utilities that experience challenges in the electrification of remote areas or observe excessive stress on their networks at demand peak periods. The proposed FiT encourages the rural customers to install RPVs while discouraging the urban customers from installing RPVs without battery storages. The performance of the developed FiT is validated numerically and its capability is evaluated by analyzing the annual revenue, net present value and payback periods.
关键词： Rooftop photovoltaic,Value of electricity,Feed-in tariff
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Impact of Grid Voltage Feed-Forward Filters on Coupling between DC-Link Voltage and AC Voltage Controllers in Smart PV Solar Systems
摘要： This paper presents a novel study of impact of filters of grid voltage feed-forward signals on the coupling between dc-link voltage and ac voltage controllers in smart photovoltaic (PV) solar systems which are used for voltage control in distribution systems. A comprehensive linearized state space model of a PV system including the dynamics of grid voltage feed-forward filters, dc-link voltage and ac voltage controllers is developed for the first time. This model is validated by electromagnetic transients software PSCAD/EMTDC. This model is used to identify the coupling between dc-link voltage and ac voltage controllers by eigenvalue and participation factor analyses. The impact of time constant of feed-forward filters on this coupling is studied by eigenvalue sensitivity analysis for PV systems with Proportional and Proportional Integral type ac voltage controllers. The range of time constants over which the filters interact with controllers and create instability for systems with different strengths and X/R ratios is identified. Insights are provided on the choice of time constants of grid voltage feed-forward filters for stable system design. The developed state-space model can also be used for impact studies of various other parameters e.g. system strength, X/R ratios, types and gains of controllers, on system stability.
关键词： AC Voltage Control,Smart Inverter,Photovoltaic (PV) System,Reactive Power Control,Control Interaction
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Simultaneous Fast Frequency Control and Power Oscillation Damping by Utilizing PV Solar System as PV-STATCOM
摘要： This paper presents a novel fast frequency response and power oscillation damping control by large-scale PV plants controlled as STATCOM, termed PV-STATCOM, to simultaneously enhance frequency regulation and small signal stability of power systems. Frequency deviations typically occur together with power oscillations in large power systems. The proposed controller comprises: i) Power Oscillation Damping (POD) controller based on reactive power modulation; and ii) Fast Frequency Response (FFR) controller based on real power modulation, both of which are applied to the plant level controller of PV-STATCOMs. The proposed composite control is shown to successfully reduce frequency deviations, damp power oscillations and provide voltage regulation both during over-frequency and under-frequency events. The proposed smart inverter control makes effective utilization of the PV inverter capacity and available solar power. For large power flows, the proposed control is shown to be superior than the conventional droop control recommended by North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) for generating plants. Matlab/Simulink based simulations are conducted on two-area power system using generic PV plant dynamic models developed by Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), for a wide range of system operating conditions. Such grid support functionality is expected to bring new revenue making opportunities for PV solar farms.
关键词： Power Oscillation Damping,Frequency control,Smart Inverters,Photovoltaic power plant
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS) - Design and Control of Solar PV-Pico Hydro Based Microgrid
摘要： This study deals with a solar photovoltaic (PV) and pico-hydro based microgrid having a battery energy storage (BES), which transfers uninterruptable power across voltage source converter (VSC) at the common coupling point (CCP). Only one VSC in this system, has the competency to eradicate the power quality problems, compensation of harmonics current, regulation of frequency and voltage under varying loads. A battery energy storage (BES), which is coupled directly to the DC bus, manages the power flow under the changes in loading and variable power generation. A synchronous reluctance generator (SYRG) for pico-hydro generation is used because of its reliability, and cost-effectiveness than other such as permanent magnet brushless generators synchronous generator. The SRFT (Synchronous Reference Frame Theory) control is used to control the system frequency and voltage at PCC. The proposed system uses an INC (Incremental Conductance) technique for extraction of maximum power from a PV array. The smooth performance of the microgrid under various operating conditions, is demonstrated through experimental results, which meet power quality requirement of the IEEE 519 standard.
关键词： Pico-Hydro generation,BES (Battery Energy Storage),Microgrid,SyRG (Synchronous Reluctance Generator),PV (Photovoltaic),Power Quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC) - Beirut, Lebanon (2018.11.1-2018.11.2)] 2018 4th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC) - Modeling, P&O MPPT and PI controls and performance analysis of PV/Energy storage hybrid power system
摘要： The variable nature of renewable energy sources, coupled with unpredictable changes in load, requires the simultaneous implementation of high power and high energy density storage systems. This work addresses dynamic modeling, a PV/Batteries/Ultra capacitor hybrid energy system connected to a DC load in a remote house located around the town of Rouyn Noranda (Quebec-Canada) during one day in winter period. The P&O MPPT control is used to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic generator which is considered as the main energy source of the hybrid system. In this paper, batteries and ultra-capacitors (UC) are serving as an energy storage system (ESS) and a main source in winter period. The UC are used for facing high frequency variations of the load, such as in transient state, while the batteries are in charge of slow load/source variations. Classical control of battery current and ultra-capacitor current allows choosing the suitable storage element in order to face correctly the production/consummation variations. Classical PI control strategy is proposed in manner to stabilize the DC bus voltage by controlling the attached DC/DC bidirectional converters. Simulations during 00 AM to 3 PM (during a snowy day) are carried out using Matlab/Simulink which confirm the good performances of the hybrid system and associated control systems.
关键词： energy storage system,performance analysis,Photovoltaic,hybrid energy system
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.8.5-2018.8.10)] 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) - An Iterative Approach to Improve PV Hosting Capacity for a Remote Community
摘要： Remote communities are largely supplied by diesel generating plants. With weak grid and sparse communities over a large geographical area, photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) with battery energy storage systems (BESS) can be a viable alternative to grid upgrade while reducing dependence on fossil fuel based generation. This paper presents results of a research study for improving the hosting capacity of distribution systems in remote communities in the northwestern part of Canada. The proposed iterative approach seeks to exploit untapped potential of existing grid infrastructure along with the four-quadrant operation of BESS to maximize the feeder's hosting capacity. The proposed approach uses the headroom of overvoltage limit made available by several voltage regulators in the remote feeder to increase its hosting capacity by as much as 25%. Based on simulations with annual load profiles and site-specific PV generation profiles, it is shown that BESS can further improve the feeder hosting capacity by up to 60% with reactive power support. A comparison is also drawn between the options of grid-upgrade versus the use of BESS for improving hosting capacity. Three BESS technologies are compared with their cost metric for this application.
关键词： hosting capacity analysis,Battery energy storage system,photovoltaic distributed generation,step voltage regulators
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) - Barcelona (2018.9.17-2018.9.19)] 2018 IEEE 23rd International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) - Harvesting artificial light indoors to power perpetually a Wireless Sensor Network node
摘要： Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) devices are usually battery powered and thereby their lifetime is limited. This issue leads to lose data measurements and thus to a performance loss of the underlying WSN application. It also increases the maintenance cost in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios with a huge number of WSN devices. Energy harvesting (EH) is one of the key technologies to solve this issue. In this paper, energy harvesting by artificial light is proposed to power WSN devices in indoor scenarios. Contrary to the state-of-the-art related work, this paper experimentally demonstrates that it is possible, under certain conditions, to achieve energy neutral WSN devices by harvesting energy from artificial light. The experimental setup consists of an EH module, which powers a WSN source data acquisition node, and a WSN sink node which receives the data sent by the first. The EH module consists of a photovoltaic (PV) cell, a boost converter and a 3V coin battery.
关键词： photovoltaic cell,Wireless Sensor Networks,Energy harvesting,boost converter,Internet of Things
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29