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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Universal Control Strategy using Operating Point Projection Technique for Solar Array Hardware Emulation
摘要： Solar array simulator (SAS) is a special DC power supply that regulates the output voltage or current to emulate characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Especially, the control of SAS is a challenging task due to the nonlinearity in the output curve, which is dependent on irradiance as well as temperature and is determined by panel materials. Conventionally, both current-mode control and voltage-mode control should be alternated by partitioning the operating curve into multiple sections, which is not only for the measurement noise problem with the feedback sensing but also for the control stability issue near the maximum power point. However, the occurrence of transition among different controllers may deteriorate the overall performance. To eliminate the mode transitions, a novel single controller scheme has been introduced in this paper, where the operating point projection technique enables simple, smooth and numerically stable control. Theoretical consideration on the loop stability issue is discussed and the performance is verified experimentally for the emulation of a PV panel data in view of stability and response speed.
关键词： Photovoltaic systems,Solar array simulator,Feedback control,Solar power
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Tangier (2017.12.4-2017.12.7)] 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Mapping of the Composition of Soils Naturally Deposited on PV Modules Anywhere in Morocco
摘要： This article constitutes a preliminary phase for the performance of a national cartography of the composition of soils naturally deposited on photovoltaic modules installed in sites of different climates. To do this, a climatic zoning of Morocco according to the De Martonne index was adopted in order to select representative sites concerned with the collection of samples. For the moment, four samples have been collected in Rabat, Errachidia, Agadir and Oujda. These samples were prepared and analyzed. Several analyzes were carried out to determine the physical, chemical and mineralogical composition of these samples. The mineralogical composition was determined via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XF), while characterization of the physical and chemical composition was identified using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Spectroscopy Infrared (IR). The results show the existence of the same abundant constituents namely: Quartz, Calcite, Dolomite, Kaolinite whose percentages differ from a climate to another.
关键词： Soils,Quartz,Calcite,Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),Kaolinite,Climatic zoning,Infrared spectroscopy (IR),X-Ray Diffraction,Photovoltaic modules,Dolomite,Cartography,X-Ray Fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2018.10.21-2018.10.25)] 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) - Automated Quantification of PV Hosting Capacity In Distribution Networks Under User-Defined Control and Optimisation Procedures
摘要： With the rising popularity of photovoltaic (PV) power, utility companies are experiencing a growing number of interconnection requests on their networks. Combined with power quality issues, the distribution system operator (DSO) must go through strenuous impact studies before proceeding to the installation of PV systems. To address this issue, this work proposes a tool to rapidly and accurately compute the total PV hosting capacity (PVHC) of their network. Moreover, the proposed tool allows the implementation of user-defined control strategies in order to assess their beneficial effects with respect to the PVHC. In this prospect, we investigated the impact of smart PV inverters. We implemented this tool as a plugin for PowerFactory and tested it on the CIGRE benchmark distribution grid. First, we determined the PVHC with inverters injecting at unity power factor, then we estimated the gains brought by smart inverter control (SIC). The latter increased the hosting capacity by up to 19.7 %.
关键词： smart grids,optimal control,inverters,photovoltaic systems,power quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Hybrid MMC-Based Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System
摘要： This paper proposes a new configuration and its control strategy for a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system. In the MMC-based PV-BES system, each PV submodule is interfaced from its dc side with multiple PV generators using isolated dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters. One BES system is embedded into each arm of the converter and is connected to the dc port of the associated BES submodule using multiple isolated DAB converters. The embedded BES systems are used to smooth the output power of the PV generators and limit the rate of change of the power delivered to the host grid. Moreover, they enable compensation of power mismatches between the arms and legs of the system by exchanging power with the arms of the converter. The paper then proposes a hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy using a combination of power exchange with the arms of the converter and internal power flow control of the MMC. The proposed hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy employs BES systems and differential currents to compensate power mismatches and transfer power between the arms and legs of the converter, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed power smoothing technique using the embedded BES systems and hybrid power mismatch elimination strategy is demonstrated using time-domain simulations conducted on a switched model of the PV-BES system in PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
关键词： control,modular multilevel converter,power electronics,battery energy storage,photovoltaic,power mismatch,Differential current,energy conversion,integration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A Dual-Discrete Model Predictive Control-based MPPT for PV systems
摘要： This paper presents a method that overcomes the problem of the confusion during fast irradiance change in the classical MPPTs as well as in model predictive control (MPC)-based MPPTs available in the literature. The previously introduced MPC-based MPPTs take into account the model of the converter only, which make them prone to the drift during fast environmental conditions. Therefore, the model of the PV array is also considered in the proposed algorithm, which allows it to be prompt during rapid environmental condition changes. It takes into account multiple previous samples of power, and based on that is able to take the correct tracking decision when the predicted and measured power differ (in case of drift issue). After the tracking decision is taken, it will be sent to a second part of the algorithm as a reference. The second part is used for following the reference provided by the first part, where the pulses are sent directly to the converter, without a modulator or a linear controller. The proposed technique is validated experimentally by using a buck converter, fed by a PV simulator. The tracking efficiency is evaluated according to EN50530 standard in static and dynamic conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed MPC-MPPT is a quick and accurate tracker under very fast changing irradiance, while maintaining high tracking efficiency even under very low irradiance.
关键词： Buck converter,dc-dc power conversion,Photovoltaic systems,Double cost function,Maximum power point tracking,Drift,EN50530 standard,MPC
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC) - Dublin, Ireland (2018.6.11-2018.6.15)] 2018 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC) - Annual Evaluation of Supply-Demand with BESS Charging/Discharging Schedule and UC Updating Based on Intraday Forecasted PV Power Outputs
摘要： In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) systems have been installed in Japan at an accelerated rate. The application of PV generation forecasts and the utilization of energy storage devices in power system operation are essential to reduce supply–demand imbalances and enable the use of more PV energy without curtailment. In this paper, assuming extremely high PV generation after 2030, we focus on the coordinated operation of a battery energy storage system (BESS) and conventional power plants. We propose a method of determining and updating the BESS charging/discharging schedule and generator unit commitment based on the day-ahead and intraday PV generation forecasts. We present an evaluation of this method based on the results of numerical simulations conducted for one year on a bulk power system model to demonstrate the effectiveness with which it reduces energy shortfall and PV power curtailment.
关键词： power system,Battery energy storage system (BESS),photovoltaic (PV) generation,PV generation forecast,unit commitment (UC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Economic Analysis for Residential Solar PV Systems Based on Different Demand Charge Tariffs
摘要： It is well known that the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to preserve the environment, produce lower levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduce global warming, however, whether it is economically profitable for customers or not is highly debatable. This paper aims to address this issue. To be comprehensive, three different types of buildings are considered as case studies. Then, these three buildings are modeled in EnergyPlus to determine the rate of energy consumption. Afterward, comparisons of various solar system sizes based on economic parameters such as the internal rate of return, the net present value, payback period and profitability indexing for various-sized PV systems are carried out. The results show that by the demand charge tariffs, using PV systems has no economic justification. It has been shown that even with neglecting further costs of the PV system like maintenance, by demand charge tariffs, it is not economically beneficial for customers to use the PV systems. Profitability index of all three buildings with various PV power systems is between 0.2 to 0.8, which are by no means is desirable. Moreover, it was found that bigger solar systems are less cost-effective in the presence of demand charges.
关键词： photovoltaic (PV) systems,economic analysis,energy in buildings,EnergyPlus
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Upconversion of low-energy photons in semiconductor nanostructures for solar energy harvesting
摘要： We explore the status of state-of-the-art upconverter materials in the context of improving solar cell performance. We focus on semiconductor upconversion nanostructures that can harvest two separate bands of the solar spectrum and offer a promising path to rational engineering of improved performance and thus improved overall solar energy harvesting. Photon upconversion is a process in which two low-energy photons are sequentially absorbed and one high-energy photon is emitted. Photon upconversion in both inorganic and organic material platforms has been used to improve solar cell efficiency. Lanthanide-doped salts (inorganic) and triplet–triplet annihilation molecules (organic) have achieved 33% and 60% internal upconversion quantum efficiency, respectively, leading to current density increases of 17 mA/cm2 and 0.86 mA/cm2. However, their performance is limited by their narrow absorption bandwidth (AB) and limited tunability, especially at low photon fluxes. Recently, colloidal semiconductor nanostructures have emerged as a promising material platform for upconversion. The optical absorption in these low-dimensional heterostructures involves both quantum-confined and continuum band states, enabling a much larger AB. Moreover, the techniques of semiconductor heterostructure engineering can be used to optimize performance and to tailor absorption and emission wavelengths. We review the performance and potential impact on solar energy harvesting of upconversion materials, focusing on semiconductor upconverters. We discuss computational models that suggest that semiconductor upconverter nanostructures could have outstanding performance for photovoltaic. We then discuss the current state of the art in semiconductor upconversion morphologies and compositions and provide an outlook on the ways in which nanostructures can be tailored to improve performance for applications.
关键词： nanostructure,photovoltaic,semiconducting
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Design of Short-Term Forecasting Model of Distributed Generation Power for Solar Power Generation
摘要： Background/Objectives: For efficient PhotoVoltaic (PV) power generation, computing and information technologies are increasingly used in irradiance forecasting and correction. Today the majority of PV modules are used for grid-connected power generation, so solar generation forecasting that predicts available PV output ahead is essential for integrating PV resources into electricity grids. This paper proposes a short-term solar power forecasting system that employs Neural Network (NN) models to forecast irradiance and PV power. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed system uses the weather observations of a ground weather station, the medium-term weather forecasts of a physical model, and the short-term weather forecasts of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model as input. To increase prediction accuracy, the proposed system performs forecast corrections and determines the correction coefficients based on the characteristics and temperature of PV modules. The proposed system also analyzes the inclination angle of PV modules to predict PV power outputs. Results: In the correlation analysis of the forecasted and measured irradiance, R2 was over 0.85 for all look-ahead periods, indicating a high correlation between the two data. Conclusion/Application: In the future, the proposed forecasting system for solar power generation resources will be further refined and run in real environments.
关键词： Photovoltaic Power Forecasts,Wind Power,Forecasting System,Solar Energy,Distributed Power Generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) - Tianjin, China (2018.9.17-2018.9.19)] 2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) - Application of Solar PV Grid-Connected Power Generation System in Shanghai Rail Transit
摘要： In order to implement the national energy policy, the rail transit industry actively uses renewable energies such as solar energy to explore ways to cope with energy shortage, ease power shortage and guarantee sustainable development. In this paper, the feasibility, necessity and advantages of applying solar energy to urban rail transit are introduced. Based on the characteristics of urban rail transit, the principle and composition of solar photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed. The application of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system to urban rail transit vehicle base is proposed Design principles, design of the program and the design of relevant protection measures. The successful cases of the pilot PV grid-connected power generation in China are summarized. It provides a new idea for the utilization of new energy in the current rail transit design. At the same time, Base roof photovoltaic power generation has done a large-scale promotion and development of accumulated experience for the follow-up project to provide design reference scheme for photovoltaic grid-connected power generation project has an important pioneering significance.
关键词： Photovoltaic,Urban rail transit,Solar energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29