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[IEEE 2018 7th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC) - Dresden, Germany (2018.9.18-2018.9.21)] 2018 7th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC) - 3D-MID for Space
摘要： Space applications demand highly reliable and low weight systems. Three-dimensional moulded interconnect device (3D-MID) processes have the potential to fulfil the requirements by combining the (electronic) packaging with routing and mechanical structure. In this paper 3D-MID technology is reviewed, most promising techniques identified and test vehicles are investigated with the focus on space usage within the ESA Artes 5.1 program.
关键词： technology,metallised plastics,Space,3D-MID
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fracture behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites: An optical study of loading rate effects
摘要： Crack initiation and growth in single-edge notched unidirectional T800s/3900-2 CFRP laminates are studied under stress wave and quasi-static loading conditions. An optical technique called reflection-mode Digital Gradient Sensing is also extended to study fracture mechanics of CFRP by using it in conjunction with ultrahigh-speed photography to perform full-field measurement of crack-tip deformations in the pre- and post-crack initiation regimes. DGS is capable of measuring two orthogonal surface slopes in the crack-tip vicinity as angular deflection of light rays. A method for extracting crack-tip parameters - the instantaneous crack speed and stress intensity factor (SIFs) histories - associated with the stationary and propagating cracks using measured surface slopes is presented. The effect of fiber orientation in the range 0°-60° relative to the initial notch and two loading rates are investigated. Nominally mode-I fracture occurs when the fiber orientation is 0° whereas mixed-mode fractures ensue in others. Besides crack initiation occurrence at higher loads as fiber orientation increases, the SIF histories imply strong fiber bridging at low fiber orientations under quasi-static conditions. Furthermore, this CFRP shows significant loading rate dependence during crack growth. Unlike stress wave loading conditions, an increasing crack growth resistance immediately after crack initiation is seen under quasi-static conditions.
关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced plastics,Loading rate effects,Crack growth behavior,Dynamic fracture,Digital Gradient Sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Damage degree prediction method of CFRP structure based on fiber Bragg grating and epsilon-support vector regression
摘要： The assessment of structural damage is of great significance for ensuring the service safety of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) structures. In this paper, the damage degree prediction method of CFRP structure based on fiber Bragg grating and epsilon-support vector regression was studied. The structural dynamic response signals were detected by fiber Bragg grating sensors. Then, the Fourier transform was used to extract the dynamic characteristics of the structure as the damage feature, and the damage feature dimensionality was reduced by using the RReliefF algorithm. On this basis, the damage degree prediction model of CFRP structure based on epsilon-support vector regression was established. Finally, the method proposed in this paper was experimentally verified. The results showed that the epsilon-support vector regression model can accurately predict the damage degree of unknown samples, and the absolute relative error of 27 experiments was less than 10% for 30 testing experiments. This paper provided a feasible method for predicting the damage degree of CFRP structures.
关键词： Frequency response,Carbon fiber reinforced plastics,Epsilon-support vector regression,RReliefF,Damage degree prediction
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Enlightening Possibilities: Plastics Expand Role in Vehicle Lighting Applications
摘要： Automotive lighting is something that few people spend much time thinking about—that is until something stops working or someone’s eyes are blasted by another car’s high beams at night. While lighting is rarely the reason people buy cars, it plays an important safety role in all personal and commercial vehicles—both in terms of making a vehicle more visible to humans and animals as well as improving a driver’s ability to see potential problems in the vehicle’s path. Not surprisingly, plastics play an important role in these applications and, in fact, are being used for visual branding on many passenger vehicles. Nominations for the SPE Automotive Innovation Awards Competition—organized by the SPE Automotive Division—show just how innovative lighting has become for increasing occupant comfort and safety, adding functionality, and making vehicles memorable to consumers.
关键词： PC,Safety,Automotive lighting,Plastics,LED,PMMA,Visual branding,LCP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Enhanced Performance and Stability of TiO <sub/>2</sub> ‐Nanoparticles‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a Cheap Polymeric Surface Modifier
摘要： Interface engineering of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)-based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is often necessary to facilitate the extraction and transport of charge carriers. In this work, poly[{9,9-bis[3’-(N,N-dimethyl)propyl]-2,7-fluorene}-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene)] (PFN) and polystyrene (PS) are demonstrated to be effective surface modifiers of the TiO2 NPs electron-transporting layer in n-i-p PVSCs. The low-cost insulating polymer PS performs better than the PFN conjugated polymer owing to its high film quality, low surface energy and insulating characteristics. A peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.09 % with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.05 V and a PCE of 17.13 % with an ultrahigh VOC of 1.18 V is achieved with TiO2 NPs/PS-based PVSCs using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and spiro-OMeTAD, respectively, as the hole-transporting material.
关键词： interface modification layers,plastics,electron-transporting layers,conjugated polymers,TiO2 nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Minimal Magnetic Dipole Moment for the Solar Cell Array Using GaInP/GaAs/Ge Cells
摘要： The only ambient power source in space is solar energy, which is harvested by photovoltaic conversion with solar cells. Since about 20 years ago, silicon solar cells have been used extensively as the primary power devices in space. However, in recent years, GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells with triple junction technology, have been widely used as power-generation devices for space applications. Not only do the GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells have better conversion efficiency compared to Si solar cells, but it is also possible to supply the required electric power using a smaller number of solar cells. While there are advantages when using the GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells, methods for design of systems of strings should be established for minimizing their magnetic dipole moment. This is because the voltage and current are three times greater than with Si solar cells, and this must be considered. By electromagnetic theory, loop current of a string consisting of cells in series occurs when flowing through it. That magnetic dipole moment can affect attitude control when using magnetic torque bars in orbit, and spacecraft systems require no more than 0.25 Am2 of magnetic dipole moment for optimal attitude control. Therefore, we designed a single string of GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells and tested its current capacity to see and minimize the magnetic dipole moment. Finally, we proposed an optimal string design methodology by a test coupon solar cell array using GaInP/GaAs/Ge solar cells by simulation and implemented it on a substrate of carbon fiber reinforced plastic material to see how well the prototype worked or did not work. In future, the string design methodology could be extended to a larger solar cell array by using this coupon design methodology to minimize the magnetic dipole moment.
关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced plastics,GaInP/GaAs/Ge,Solar cell,String,Magnetic dipole moment
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO? 2016: 35th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - San Diego, California, USA (October 16–20, 2016)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - Latest developments of laser cutting
摘要： Laser cutting was one of the first applications of laser material processing. Today, laser cutting is the most widespread laser material processing besides laser marking. Meanwhile, nearly each material can be cut by means of a laser, in particular since ultra short pulse lasers are available in the power range of up to 100 W. The to be cut material can come with thicknesses from a few microns till tens of millimeters as flat stock or as free form shapes. The paper will concentrate on cutting with high power cw lasers in the near and far IR range. Latest developments in terms of thick plate fusion cutting of metals, in particular the positive impact of dynamic beam shaping, will be discussed. The state of art of laser cutting of thin sheet metal without assist gas will be described as well. In the case of non-metals, latest results of laser cutting of composites like fiber reinforced plastics by using two different wavelengths at the same time are introduced and discussed. First results of cutting by means of a novel green cw laser will be presented. Finally, an outlook of future trends of laser cutting will be given in terms of further process improvements and first steps of process control.
关键词： fiber reinforced plastics,green cw laser,laser cutting,dynamic beam shaping,material processing
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Development of Sunlight LED Bollard Based on C/GFRP Floodlight Composite
摘要： It is safe and light because it uses carbon/glass fiber reinforced plastics (hereinafter referred to as C/GFRP) through this technological development. Moreover, sunlight LED luminous bollard, which was harmonized with the surrounding environment with diverse colors, was developed. Luminous bollard can reduce its weight and also increase its strength by adjusting the intensity and thickness of a product customized for each usage on the basis of the characteristics of C/GFRP composite. In addition, C/GFRP and steel pipe were compared for the compression test in order to compare the objective rigidity. As a result, this study could obtain a positive result graph of luminous bollard. To develop luminous bollard, the composite development process was configured through a fixture of pullout and filament winding. Diverse colors can be applied to luminous bollard. Hence, it is possible to select a color customized for each region. It is also possible to create an aesthetic harmony with a surrounding environment through LED lamps at night. The pipe, which was 50 percent lighter than stainless and also which had excellent tensile strength, was designed to develop the bollard that has superior convenience in terms of construction, maintenance and repair.
关键词： Sunlight,Elastic force,Bollard,C/GFRP (Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evaluation of internal defects generated in machine milled carbon fiber reinforced plastic using X-ray computed tomography
摘要： In this study, X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) was used to investigate internal defects generated on machine milled carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Internal defects such as cracks, fractures, and deformation of the carbon fibers, which are invisible from the surface, were observed using the X-ray CT method. Defects were generated based on the machining method and direction of the fibers. A large number of defects were generated when using the conventional cut method along 45°, 90°, and the climb cut method along 90°. Few internal defects were observed when using the climb cut method along 45°; however, the machined surface was very rough. The mechanism for these phenomena was investigated by studying surface observations and cutting force, in addition to X-ray CT imaging. These results indicate that X-ray CT is a powerful tool for visualizing internal defects in CFRP, which differ significantly based on the direction of the fiber and machining method used.
关键词： Carbon fiber reinforced plastics,Surface roughness,Milling,Internal defect,X-ray computed tomography
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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In-Situ process monitoring during laser transmission welding of PA6-GF30
摘要： Quasi-simultaneous laser transmission welding is preferably used for packaging sensors and electronics. In order to protect the components from moisture, a hermetic encapsulation is needed. However, local weld seam interruptions cannot be identified with the commonly used set-path monitoring. By using a pyrometer, coaxially integrated into a 3D-scanner, gaps between the joining partners can be allocated on basis of the measured temperature. However, the scattering of the heat radiation, especially caused by the fiber reinforcement of the plastics, leads to a reduction of the accessible heat radiation, which makes the identification of gaps considerably more difficult. The herein used experimental setup is characterized by a small detection spot and only by a slight weakening of the heat radiation inside the scanner. Hence, for welding PA6-GF30, the detection of small sized gaps is possible, even if a glass fiber content of 30 percent (wt.) and a weld seam width with approximately 1 mm are given.
关键词： in-situ monitoring,plastics welding,pyrometer,temperature measurement,fiber reinforced plastics
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22