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Power Efficiency Figure of Merit for Image Sensors
摘要： A new figure of merit (FoM) is developed with a theory, which enables the comparison of power efficiency of different image sensors based only on the pixel array size, frame rate, and total power consumption. The mathematical foundation of the FoM is provided, enabling the application of FoM to a generic image sensor supporting various read-out configurations. The model assumes a nonlinear relationship between the power consumption and operating frequency of building blocks, and the nonlinear factor is numerically derived based on the analytical modeling of image sensors. The FoM is applied to the studies from 1999 to 2018, which clarifies the trend of improvement as well as visualizes several breakthroughs in the development history.
关键词： modeling,CMOS image sensor (CIS),power efficiency,figure of merit (FoM),power consumption
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Computing Applications (ICONIC) - Mon Tresor, Plaine Magnien, Mauritius (2018.12.6-2018.12.7)] 2018 International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Computing Applications (ICONIC) - Innovative Method for Power Factor Correction using a Solar Plant as a Source of Reactive Power
摘要： Due to the low power factor of an electrical system there is a high demand of reactive power from the transformers which results in overloading of the transformers. Traditionally, this problem is solved by adding a capacitor in parallel with the load in order to correct the power factor. In this paper a new innovative method which utilizes the solar plant at night when it is idling or during the day when it is not producing real power. During these times a solar plant is used as a source of reactive power, the inverters used in solar plants are capable of being used as a source of reactive power. The case study used to test this innovative method is a food processing plant with multiple transformers. The results show that it is possible to use a solar plant for power factor correction and hence relieve the transformers from overloading issues.
关键词： solar,transformer,overloading,power factor,reactive power
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An Improved Proposed Single Phase Transformerless Inverter with Leakage Current Elimination and Reactive Power Capability for PV Systems Application
摘要： Single-phase transformerless inverters are broadly studied in literature for residential-scale PV applications due to their great advantages in reducing system weight, cost and elevating system efficiency. The design of transformerless inverters is based on the galvanic isolation method to eliminate the generation of leakage current. Unfortunately, the use of the galvanic isolation method alone cannot achieve constant common mode voltage (CMV). Therefore, a complete elimination of leakage current cannot be achieved. In addition, modulation techniques of single-phase transformerless inverters are designed for the application of the unity power factor. Indeed, next-generation PV systems are required to support reactive power to enable connectivity to the utility grid. In this paper, a proposed single-phase transformerless inverter is modified with the clamping method to achieve constant CMV during all inverter operating modes. Furthermore, the modulation technique is modified by creating a new current path in the negative power region. As a result, a bidirectional current path is created in the negative power region to achieve reactive power generation. The simulation results show that the CMV is completely clamped at half the DC link voltage and the leakage current is almost completely eliminated. Furthermore, a reactive power generation is achieved with the modified modulation techniques. Additionally, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current with the conventional and a modified modulation technique is analyzed. The efficiency of the system is enhanced by using wide-bandgap (WBG) switching devices such as SiC MOSFET. It is observed that the efficiency of the system decreased with reactive power generation due to the bidirectional current path, which leads to increasing conduction losses.
关键词： leakage current,transformerless inverter,reactive power,wide-bandgap (WBG),silicon carbide (SiC),photovoltaic (PV) power system
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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PV-pumped energy storage option for convalescing performance of hydroelectric station under declining precipitation trend
摘要： The precipitation trend is critically important for functioning of hydroelectric power stations and development of irrigation sector. Studies indicate that freshwater availability in many river basins in India is likely to decrease due to climate change. Despite having promising hydro potential in north-eastern (N-E) region of India, decline in rainfall in the region causes paucity of water in various hydro power plants' reservoirs. Many units of hydroelectric projects are being kept off and as a result, generation comes down to a large extent. As a partial solution to the problem, many such small hydroelectric projects' may be revived by integrating solar photovoltaic (PV) powered pumped storage unit as there is synergy of solar energy with irrigation water pumping and hydro power station. The present study aims to looking at reliable, continuous and cost-competitive power supply option. The study has been conceived with the lone hydroelectric power station of Tripura (one of the N-E states of India) which practically remains inoperative as water is hardly available at the end of the year and before next monsoon. Results substantiate that PV powered pumped storage is a viable option for restoring the steady annual performance of the hydroelectric plant.
关键词： PV power generation,Pumped storage,Generation mix,Hydro power generation,Climate change
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Optimal target sputtering mode for aluminum nitride thin film deposition by high power pulsed magnetron sputtering
摘要： Low surface roughness, low residual stress, and (002) textured aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films are favored for applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, AlN thin films were deposited by reactive high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS). The effect of aluminum target sputtering mode and sputtering power on thin film residual stress, crystalline structure, surface roughness, and morphology of AlN thin films was studied. The results indicate that, with Al target sputtering mode transfer from metallic mode to transitional and compound modes, respectively, the number of Al species decrease, and ion-to-neutral ratio of Al species increase. Comparing the AlN thin film deposited in compound mode with that deposited in transitional mode, the latter exhibited lower surface roughness and residual stress. In addition, AlN thin film with (002) texture and lower residual stress is obtained by increasing sputtering power in transitional mode. For fabricating AlN film via reactive HPPMS with a particular (002) texture, low surface roughness, and residual stress, sputtering the target in the transitional mode with high sputtering power is optimal.
关键词： Aluminum nitride,Microstructure,Texture,High power pulsed magnetron sputtering,Sputtering modes,Sputtering power
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - Portland, OR, USA (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) - High-Efficiency Weight-Optimized Fault-Tolerant Modular Multi-Cell Three-Phase GaN Inverter for Next Generation Aerospace Applications
摘要： The aircraft industry demands a significant increase in terms of efficiency and gravimetric power density of power converters for next generation aerospace applications. Between the two minimum targets, i.e. an efficiency > 98 % and a gravimetric power density > 10 kW/kg, the specification concerning the converter weight is the most challenging to fulfill. Since cooling systems and magnetic components dominate the weight breakdown of conventional converter concepts, multi-cell topologies, enabling improved semiconductors performance and reduced filtering requirements, are foreseen as promising solutions for the power electronics on board of More Electric Aircraft. On the other hand, the necessary simultaneous operation of a high number of cells inevitably limits the reliability of multi-cell converters if redundancy is not provided. In this paper, a favorable scaling trend of power density with respect to reliability, aiming to guarantee fault-tolerant operation without affecting the performance figures, is identified in modular multi-cell converters. Thus, a 45 kW weight-optimized modular multi-cell three-phase inverter featuring a redundant power stage is optimized, achieving an efficiency of 99 % and a gravimetric power density of 22.8 kW/kg.
关键词： Multi-Objective Optimization,Figure of Merit of Power Semiconductors,Power Converters Reliability,Modular Multi-Cell Inverter,More Electric Aircraft
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Third Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM) - Cuenca, Ecuador (2018.10.15-2018.10.19)] 2018 IEEE Third Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM) - Renewable Energy Source P-V conected to the grid through Shunt Active Power Filter based in P-Q theory
摘要： This paper presents the design and simulation of an active power filter (APF) supported by a PV plant. The system can operate in three different modes: APF, APF+PV and APF+PV+Px, which means the system functions as APF extracting the necessary energy to compensate harmonics and unbalances entirely from the grid, the second mode means that this energy is extracted from the PV, and the last mode allows to use all the power available in the PV system to feed the load, support the APF and to export PV energy to the grid. The system includes a PV generator, a DC/DC converter controlled with MPPT, and a voltage source converter (VSC) acting as APF. P-Q Theory algorithm is used to control the APF. The system is simulated on MATLAB/Simscape Power Systems toolbox on three scenarios.
关键词： PQ theory,photovoltaic(PV),power quality,Active power filter
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Grid Interactive Single Stage Solar Powered Water Pumping System Utilizing Improved Control Technique
摘要： This paper proposes a single stage grid interactive solar powered switched reluctance motor (SRM) driven water pumping system with an efficient control technique. The control of proposed system provides the proficient maximum power point technique (MPPT) tracking and motor drive control with bidirectional power flow between the photovoltaic (PV) array and single phase grid. It has harmonics components elimination, improved dynamic performance and a DC offset rejection capability compared to other control. A PV feed-forward term is also incorporated in developed control to enhance the dynamic performance of the system and to minimize the size of DC link capacitor with improved MPPT performance. The novel scheme of fundamental switching of SRM drive over its maximum operational time (when the grid is present) makes system efficient and reliable. An improved perturb and observe (P&O) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used in this system to minimize the undesirable losses in a PV array specially under varying insolation levels. The proposed control is tested on a developed prototype and its suitability is authenticated through simulated and test results under various conditions.
关键词： MPPT,Bidirectional Power Flow,Water Pump,Switched Reluctance Motor,VSC,PV Array,Power Quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW) - Montréal, QC, Canada (2018.6.3-2018.6.7)] 2018 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (Wow) - An Elliptical Magnetic Field-Orientated Control for Interoperability and Misalignment Tolerance in Inductive Power Transfer
摘要： To improve the interoperability and misalignment tolerance of the inductive power transfer (IPT) system, the concepts of circular rotating magnetic field control and elliptical rotating field orientated control(FOC) are proposed in this paper. The method of analogy analysis between LIM (liner inductive motor) and IPT is adopted to improve the magnetic field distribution characteristics. Detailed output voltage derivation of circular pads and DD pads under misalignment are given. An approximate calculation model is built to study the influence of end effect and gap variation on magnetic field distribution. Experimental results verify the laws of circular magnetic field and elliptical magnetic field.
关键词： misalignment,magnetic field-orientated control,analogy analysis,wireless power transfer,interoperability,inductive power transfer(IPT)
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Improved three-vector based dead-beat model predictive direct power control strategy for grid-connected inverters
摘要： Since only one inverter voltage vector is applied during each duty cycle, traditional model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) for grid-connected inverters (GCIs) results in serious harmonics in current and power. Moreover, a high sampling frequency is needed to ensure satisfactory steady-state performance, which is contradictory to its long execution time due to the iterative prediction calculations. To solve these problems, a novel dead-beat MPDPC strategy is proposed, using two active inverter voltage vectors and one zero inverter voltage vector during each duty cycle. Adoption of three inverter vectors ensures a constant switching frequency. Thus, smooth steady-state performance of both current and power can be obtained. Unlike the traditional three-vector based MPDPC strategy, the proposed three vectors are selected based on the power errors rather than the sector where the grid voltage vector is located, which ensures that the duration times of the selected vectors are positive all the time. Iterative calculations of the cost function in traditional predictive control are also removed, which makes the proposed strategy easy to implement on digital signal processors (DSPs) for industrial applications. Results of experiments based on a 1 kW inverter setup validate the feasibility of the proposed three-vector based dead-beat MPDPC strategy.
关键词： Grid-connected inverter,Model predictive control,Constant switching frequency,Power errors,Direct power control,Three vectors
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52