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Distribution of Flavan-3-ol Species in Ripe Strawberry Fruit Revealed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging
摘要： Flavan-3-ols, which comprise proanthocyanidins and their monomers, are major ?avonoids in strawberries, and they have a wide range of biological activities and health bene?ts. However, their spatial distribution in strawberry fruit remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), to visualize ? ?avan-3-ols in ripe strawberry fruit. Peaks matching the m/z values of ?avan-3-ols [M ? H] ions were detected in the negative ion mode using 1,5-diaminonaphthalene as matrix. Catechin and/or epicatechin, three B-type procyanidins, and two B-type propelargonidins were identi?ed by MALDI-tandem MS. These ?avan-3-ols were mainly distributed in the calyx, in and around the vascular bundles, and in the skin. In-source fragmentation of proanthocyanidins was determined using their standards, suggesting their distribution was mixed ion images of themselves, and fragment ions generated from those had a higher degree of polymerization. B-type procyanidins were predominantly distributed in the vascular bundles than in the skin, whereas B-type propelargonidins were almost equally distributed between the vascular bundles and skin, suggesting that their distribution patterns are di?erent from the type of their ?avan-3-ol monomers. Flavan-3-ols, especially B-type procyanidins, may help prevent pathogen infection not only in the skin but also in and around the vascular bundles.
关键词： mass spectrometry imaging (MSI),propelargonidins,procyanidins,proanthocyanidins,?avan-3-ols,strawberry,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Solid lipid nanoparticles made of self-emulsifying lipids for efficient encapsulation of hydrophilic substances
摘要： In the last decades, most attention has been paid to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as nanocarriers for pharmaceutical purposes due to their low toxicity, possible production on large scale and delivery of active principles by several administration routes. For example, lung delivery will necessitate direct administration, e.g. by aerosolisation, to maximize deposition into the airways and minimize systemic side effects. However, SLN based on common solid lipids preferentially incorporate lipophilic drugs, while the hydrophilic ones are loaded in low amount. To overcome this drawback, it seemed interesting to evaluate SLN based on self-emulsifying (SE) lipids, which are mixtures of lipids, surfactant and cosurfactants able to form emulsions in contact with aqueous media. Thus, we evaluated the preparation of SLN based on Gelucire? 50/13, selected as a SE lipid model, encapsulating glutathione (GSH) or proanthocyanidins occurring in grape seed extract (GSE), as hydrophilic model substances according to the melt-emulsification method. The encapsulation efficiency of such GSH- or GSE-SLN resulted satisfactory for both the hydrophilic compounds examined. However, to draw definitive conclusions on the scope and limitations of this approach based on SE lipids, further studies are necessary. Moreover, GSH-SLN were investigated for their performance in delivering the antioxidant peptide to immunocompetent fish cells, while GSE-SLN were evaluated for their possible application in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. It was found that GSH-SLN were not internalized by fish cells, while GSE-SLN showed favorable properties for lung delivery.
关键词： lung delivery,proanthocyanidins,solid lipid nanoparticles,self-emulsifying lipids,hydrophilic substances,encapsulation,glutathione
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04