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[IEEE 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Xiamen, China (2019.12.17-2019.12.20)] 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Integration of FBG Optical Sensor Network in DWDM-PON Transmission System
摘要： Urban sprawl/urbanization has large impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Net primary production (NPP) is an important indicator for estimating the earth’s ability to support life and aids the evaluation of sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) model was used in conjunction with leaf area index (LAI) dataset, land cover, and meteorological and soil data to simulate daily NPP at spatial resolution 250 m in Nanjing, a representative region within the Yangtze Delta, for the period 2001–2010. Effects of urbanization on land-cover change and regional NPP are quantitatively evaluated. The results show that during this period, urbanization caused significant land-cover change. Compared with 2001, urbanized area and area covered by water bodies increased significantly, while vegetated area declined greatly. The greatest loss was cropland, followed by evergreen coniferous and closed deciduous forests. There were obvious spatial differences in NPP variations. The reduction rate of annual NPP in the major city of Nanjing, Jiangning District, and Gaochun County was much higher than that in Pukou and Luhe district, and Lishui County. These results indicate that a process-based model driven by remote sensing is useful in assessing the impact of urban sprawl on NPP, and urbanization, not climate factors, is a main factor for NPP reduction for an urbanizing region.
关键词： land-cover change,urban sprawl,Boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) model,net primary production (NPP),land-use change
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Increasing the productivity of Laser Powder Bed Fusion: influence of the hull-bulk strategy on part quality, microstructure and mechanical performance of Ti-6Al-4V
摘要： To increase the productivity of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), a hull-bulk strategy can be implemented. This approach consists in using a high layer thickness in the core of the part, hence reducing the build time, and a low layer thickness in the skin, to maintain a high accuracy and good surface finish. The present study investigated to what extent this strategy affected the surface roughness, relative density, microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V parts. Ti-6Al-4V specimens were built using two distinct sets of process parameters, one optimized for a 90 μm-layer thickness in the bulk and the other for a 30 μm-layer thickness in the hull. In addition to surface roughness and relative density measurements, a thorough microstructure analysis was done using both optical microscopy and SEM. Additionally, EBSD measurements and numerical reconstruction of the parent β grains were performed to evaluate the mesostructure and texture evolution from hull to bulk. Microhardness measurements and tensile tests were done to assess the effect of the hull-bulk strategy on the mechanical properties. This analysis was completed on both as-built and stress-relieved specimens. The present study demonstrated the possibility of using the hull-bulk strategy to build high-quality Ti-6Al-4V parts, without impacting their tensile properties, hence increasing the productivity of the process by a geometry-dependent factor, typically ranging between 25% and 100%.
关键词： Ti-6Al-4V,tensile properties,LPBF,graded microstructure,productivity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Solar Tracking with Anti-Tracking Support for Ancillary Service
摘要： Urban sprawl/urbanization has large impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Net primary production (NPP) is an important indicator for estimating the earth’s ability to support life and aids the evaluation of sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, the process-based boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) model was used in conjunction with leaf area index (LAI) dataset, land cover, and meteorological and soil data to simulate daily NPP at spatial resolution 250 m in Nanjing, a representative region within the Yangtze Delta, for the period 2001–2010. Effects of urbanization on land-cover change and regional NPP are quantitatively evaluated. The results show that during this period, urbanization caused signi?cant land-cover change. Compared with 2001, urbanized area and area covered by water bodies increased signi?cantly, while vegetated area declined greatly. The greatest loss was cropland, followed by evergreen coniferous and closed deciduous forests. There were obvious spatial differences in NPP variations. The reduction rate of annual NPP in the major city of Nanjing, Jiangning District, and Gaochun County was much higher than that in Pukou and Luhe district, and Lishui County. These results indicate that a process-based model driven by remote sensing is useful in assessing the impact of urban sprawl on NPP, and urbanization, not climate factors, is a main factor for NPP reduction for an urbanizing region.
关键词： land-cover change,urban sprawl,Boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) model,net primary production (NPP),land-use change
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 69th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) - Las Vegas, NV, USA (2019.5.28-2019.5.31)] 2019 IEEE 69th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) - Active Control of NCF Fillet Shape for 3D CoW by Multi Beam Laser Bonder
摘要： Non-conductive film fillet control during the thermal compression bonding using a multi laser beam bonder investigated comparing with the case of using a conventional ceramic pulse heater bonder. The laser bonder can control each laser beam power individually, which can change the temperature distribution in the heated die. Fillet coverage index was defined as the ratio of the fillet width of the die corner and the maximum point of the die peripheral. The optimization of the temperature distribution of the die by the laser bonder could enlarge FCI from 0.25 with even reducing the fillet width at the maximum point of the die peripheral from 167 μm in comparison to those of 0.33 and 187 μm, which were obtained using a conventional bonder with a ceramics pulse heater, respectively.
关键词： laser bonder,fillet shape,High productivity,NCF,multi beam
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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LED (Light Emitting Diode) Light Provides Positive Effects on Growth and Productivity of <i>Pakcoy</i> Mustard ( <i>Brassica Rapa</i> L.)
摘要： Plant photosynthesis is strongly influenced by light, carbon dioxide, the availability of water and nutrients found in the soil. In this study, LED light combined with gambelan music Gong Kebyar was applied to pakcoy plants to see its effect on growth and productivity. The LED light that was applied is white, red-blue, and red-white-blue LED light, which is given for 20 hours from 06.00 to 02.00. Gamelan music Gong Kebyar is applied for 3 hours, from 06.00 to 12.00. Variables observed included plant height, canopy area, leaf greenery, root length, and plant biomass. The results showed that white LED light had a negative effect, while the red-blue LED, and red-white-blue light had a positive effect on the growth and productivity of Pakcoy mustard. The use of red-blue LED light combined with gamelan music Gong Kebyar gave the highest value on plant height (27,176 cm), canopy area (1457.59 cm2), leaf greenery (160.03), root length (23.6 cm), and plant biomass (5.05 g). It can be concluded that the use of red-blue LED light combined with gamelan music Gong Kebyar increases the growth and productivity of pakcoy mustard.
关键词： productivity,growth,pakcoy mustard,LED light,gamelan music Gong Kebyar
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Evaluation of the laser leveled land leveling technology on crop yield and water use productivity in Western Uttar Pradesh
摘要： A study has been conducted for 3 year on impacts of the laser land leveling versus traditional land leveling on water use productivity and crop yields. The major concerns were effectiveness of laser land leveling as a water saving tool in the new context of land use and ownership, affordability of laser land leveling for farmers and the economic viability of this technology. These research questions were studied in a sizable area of laser leveled and neighboring non-leveled (control) fields for 2009 to 2011. The result indicated that with laser leveling, farmers could save irrigation water 21%, energy by 31% and obtained 6.6, 5.4 and 10.9% in rice, wheat and sugarcane higher yields. The total irrigation duration and applied water depth was reduced to 10.9, 14.7% in rice; 13.7, 13.3% in wheat and 13.5, 20.3% in sugar-cane as compared to traditional leveled fields. The laser leveled fields exhibited the highest water use efficiency (WUE), which was 48, 47 and 49% higher in precisely leveled field than control (unleveled), 22, 19 and 20% higher than traditionally leveling fields, respectively. The average water productivity in rice, wheat and sugarcane has improved by 33%. The average annual net income from the laser field was 14, 13.5 and 23.8% in rice, wheat, sugarcane higher than that from the traditional leveled field. It was concluded that the use of laser land leveling increases yield and saves irrigation water as compared to traditional method of leveling in different cropping system prevailing in western U.P.
关键词： Crop productivity,water use efficiency,laser leveled land leveling,water productivity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Methodical review of the literature referred to the dye-sensitized solar cells: Bibliometrics analysis and road mapping
摘要： This study presents a systematic review of the literature pertaining to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), in order to anticipate the direction and speed of change in technology trend. To study the general progression in DSSC research, we have assessed the evolution in annual DSSCs publications and their citations. Further, in order to identify the intellectual bases, we have also classified the journals, authors, institutes and countries according to their scientific productivity in the field of DSSCs research during the period of 2007 - 2019.
关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells,Scientific productivity,International cooperation network,Bibliometric analysis
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[Micro/Nano Technologies] Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology Volume 1 || Fabrication of Metallic Nanodot Arrays
摘要： Metal nanodot arrays exhibit unique optical characteristics, and they are expected to find widespread applications in biosensors and various optical devices. In this section, simple and efficient manufacturing processes are introduced for metal nanodot arrays. These processes are based on the combination of thin metal film coatings deposited on substrates and thermal dewetting. The first process discussed herein is a conventional thermal dewetting method. With this method, it is shown that the average dot diameter can be controlled based on the chosen process conditions. The second process is based on the use of grid patterning on coated metal films. This process can allow fabrication of nanodot arrays with uniform dot diameters and achieve highly ordered alignment of dots. The third process generates a metal nanodot array based on a self-organization manner on a nanogrid-patterned substrate. It constitutes a high-productivity process based on the transfer of the metal nanodot array to an adhesive film. The basic mechanisms underlying these processes are discussed herein.
关键词： Productivity,Metal coating,Dot transfer,Surface energy,Metal nanoparticles,Agglomeration,Nano plastic forming,Optical characteristics,Grid patterning,Self-organization,Biosensors,Thermal dewetting
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Linking Phenological Indices from Digital Cameras in Idaho and Montana to MODIS NDVI
摘要： Digital cameras can provide a consistent view of vegetation phenology at fine spatial and temporal scales that are impractical to collect manually and are currently unobtainable by satellite and most aerial based sensors. This study links greenness indices derived from digital images in a network of rangeland and forested sites in Montana and Idaho to 16-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Multiple digital cameras were placed along a transect at each site to increase the observational footprint and correlation with the coarser MODIS NDVI. Digital camera phenology indices were averaged across cameras on a site to derive phenological curves. The phenology curves, as well as green-up dates, and maximum growth dates, were highly correlated to the satellite derived MODIS composite NDVI 16-day data at homogeneous rangeland vegetation sites. Forested and mixed canopy sites had lower correlation and variable significance. This result suggests the use of MODIS NDVI in forested sites to evaluate understory phenology may not be suitable. This study demonstrates that data from digital camera networks with multiple cameras per site can be used to reliably estimate measures of vegetation phenology in rangelands and that those data are highly correlated to MODIS 16-day NDVI.
关键词： phenology,growing season,NDVI,digital photography,RGB camera,rangeland,understory productivity,phenocam,vegetation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Smart Plant Factory (The Next Generation Indoor Vertical Farms) || Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs): Benefits, Problems, and Challenges
摘要： The bene?ts, unsolved problems, and challenges for plant factories with arti?cial lighting (PFALs) are discussed. The remarkable bene?ts are high resource use ef?ciency, high annual productivity per unit land area, and production of high-quality plants without using pesticides. Major unsolved problems are high initial investment, electricity cost, and labor cost. A major challenge for the next-generation smart PFAL is the introduction of advanced technologies such as arti?cial intelligence with the use of big data, genomics, and phenomics (or methodologies and protocols for noninvasive measurement of plant-speci?c traits related to plant structure and function).
关键词： Smart LED lighting system,Cultivation system module (CSM),Phenotyping,Annual productivity,Standardization,Arti?cial intelligence,Resource use ef?ciency (RUE)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36