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- 2018
- Reliability
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- KNIT
- Rajarshi Rananjay Sinh Institute of Management and Technology
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Short communication: Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy to predict coagulation and acidity traits of sheep bulk milk
摘要： Sheep milk is mainly transformed into cheese; thus, the dairy industry seeks more rapid and cost-effective methods of analysis to determine milk coagulation and acidity traits. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy to determine milk coagulation and acidity traits of sheep bulk milk and to classify milk samples according to their renneting capacity. A total of 465 bulk milk samples collected in 140 single-breed flocks of Comisana (84 samples, 24 flocks) and Sarda (381 samples, 116 flocks) breeds located in Central Italy were analyzed for coagulation properties (rennet coagulation time, curd firming time, and curd firmness) and acidity traits (pH and titratable acidity) using standard laboratory procedures. Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy prediction models for these traits were built using partial least squares regression analysis and were externally validated by randomly dividing the full data set into a calibration set (75%) and a validation set (25%). The discriminant capacity of the rennet coagulation time prediction model was determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Prediction models were more accurate for acidity traits than for milk coagulation properties, and the ratio of prediction to deviation ranged from 1.01 (curd firmness) to 2.14 (pH). Moreover, the discriminant analysis led to an overall accuracy of 74 and 66% for the calibration and validation sets, respectively, with greater sensitivity for samples that coagulated between 10 and 20 min and greater specificity to detect early-coagulating (<10 min) and late-coagulating (20–30 min) samples. Results suggest that Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy has the potential to help the dairy sheep industry identify milk with better coagulation ability for cheese production and thus improve milk transformation efficiency. However, further research is needed before this information can be exploited at the industry level.
关键词： Comisana,Sarda,milk quality,cheese
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Relationship between body habitus and image quality and radiation dose in chest X-ray examinations: A phantom study
摘要： Purpose: To evaluate the influence of being overweight on image quality (IQ), radiation dose and acquisition parameters when undertaking adult chest X-ray (CXR) examinations using routine acquisition protocols. Methods: The Lungman chest phantom, with and without chest plates, was used to simulate the chest region for larger size and average adult patients, respectively. Radiographic acquisitions were conducted using 17 X-ray machines located in eight hospitals using their routine clinical protocols. IQ was assessed using relative visual grading analysis (VGA) and 2 alternative forced choice (2AFC) by six observers. Incident air kerma (IAK) was measured using a solid-state dosimeter. Results: IQ mean (range) scores between the hospitals were 16.2 (12.0–21.3) with a 56.0% difference and 20.9 (14.1–23.6) with a 50.2% difference for the standard and larger size phantoms, respectively. IAK mean (range) scores 63 μGy (19–136 μGy) with a 150% difference and 159 μGy (27–384 μGy) with a 173% difference for the standard and larger size phantoms, respectively. The chest plates had a significant negative impact on IQ (P = 0.001) and lead to an increased in IAK by approximately 50%. Conclusion: Visual measures of IQ and IAK showed large differences between hospitals for standard and larger phantom sizes; differences within the hospitals was lower. Overall, Lungman with chest plates was found to degrade IQ and increase radiation dose by a factor of two. Further optimisation is required especially for the larger sized patient’s imaging protocols for all eight hospitals.
关键词： Overweight,Image quality,Obesity,Adult chest radiography,Dose optimisation,Radiation dose
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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An assessment of semi-analytical models based on the absorption coefficient in retrieving the chlorophyll-a concentration from a reservoir
摘要： Monitoring chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in inland waters is crucial for water quality management, since Chl-a is a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and, thus, for ecological health of a water environment. Chl-a concentration can be retrieved through the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of a water system, which, in turn, can be remotely sensed obtained. Quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA), originally developed for ocean waters, can also retrieve IOPs for inland waters after re-parameterizations. This study is aimed at assessing the performance of sixteen schemes composed by QAA original and re-parameterized versions followed by models that use absorption coefficients as inputs for estimating Chl-a concentration in Ibitinga reservoir, located at Tietê River cascading system, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. It was verified that only QAAV5 based schemes were able to obtain reasonable estimates for image data and that by four models tested presented similar and acceptable results for QAAV5 outputs. The best model were applied to a Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) image. Light absorption in the reservoir showed to be dominated by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and wide spatial and temporal variability of optical and water quality properties was observed.
关键词： water quality monitoring,satellite data.,Trophic status,inland water
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Blind Noisy Image Quality Assessment Using Sub-Band Kurtosis
摘要： Noise that afflicts natural images, regardless of the source, generally disturbs the perception of image quality by introducing a high-frequency random element that, when severe, can mask image content. Except at very low levels, where it may play a purpose, it is annoying. There exist significant statistical differences between distortion-free natural images and noisy images that become evident upon comparing the empirical probability distribution histograms of their discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients. The DWT coefficients of low- or no-noise natural images have leptokurtic, peaky distributions with heavy tails; while noisy images tend to be platykurtic with less peaky distributions and shallower tails. The sample kurtosis is a natural measure of the peakedness and tail weight of the distributions of random variables. Here, we study the efficacy of the sample kurtosis of image wavelet coefficients as a feature driving an extreme learning machine which learns to map kurtosis values into perceptual quality scores. The model is trained and tested on five types of noisy images, including additive white Gaussian noise, additive Gaussian color noise, impulse noise, masked noise, and high-frequency noise from the LIVE, CSIQ, TID2008, and TID2013 image quality databases. The experimental results show that the trained model has better quality evaluation performance on noisy images than existing blind noise assessment models, while also outperforming general-purpose blind and full-reference image quality assessment methods.
关键词： sub-band,discrete wavelet transform (DWT),extreme learning machine (ELM),kurtosis,Blind noisy image quality assessment
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Coordinated control of MPPT and voltage regulation using single-stage high gain DC–DC converter in a grid-connected PV system
摘要： In general, grid-connected PV system uses two stages of DC-DC converter to accomplish Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and DC voltage regulation. In order to overcome the two stage conversion, a single stage high gain DC-DC converter is presented in this paper. The operation of three switches with two different duty ratio is the main advantage of this converter to accomplish the coordinated control of MPPT and DC voltage regulation. This coordinated control also helps to provide constant DC voltage to the DC loads though the inverter is disconnected from the DC bus. A 1KW grid-connected PV system with the proposed DC-DC converter is developed and is validated using OP4500 Real-Time test platform. In addition, a decoupled control strategy with fractional order proportional-integral (FOPI) controller is implemented at the inverter end. Also, the reactive power compensation, harmonic reduction (less than 5% as per the IEEE 519 standard) and the grid power factor close to unity is obtained and the results are validated using the real-time simulator.
关键词： Solar photovoltaics,LCL filter,Coordinated control of MPPT and voltage regulation,High gain DC-DC converter,Grid integration and power quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Experimental studies and mathematical simulation of intermittent infrared and convective drying of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
摘要： Intermittent infrared and convective drying (IIRCD) is a novel drying method that can enhance energy efficiency and quality of dried product. The mechanism of drying using this method is not yet fully understood. Mathematical models that describe the drying process of IIRCD for agricultural crops do not exist. In this study, a physics based mathematical model was developed to understand the mechanism of drying sweet potato using IIRCD. The model was based on shrinkage dependent diffusivity and evaporation phenomenon. COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software was employed for the model simulation. The simulation results of moisture and temperature distribution were validated by experimental drying data. The results fitted closely with experimental data. Drying of sweet potato using IIRCD was found to be more efficient in terms of final product quality compared to convective hot-air drying method.
关键词： quality of dried products,COMSOL,Physics-based model,modelling and simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Image quality optimization using a narrow vertical detector dental cone-beam CT
摘要： Objectives: To determine the optimised kV setting for a narrow detector cone-beam CT (CBCT) unit. Methods: Clinical (CL) and quantitative (QUANT) evaluations of image quality were performed using an anthropomorphic phantom. Technical (TECH) evaluation was performed with a polymethyl methacrylate phantom. Images were obtained using a PaX-i3D Green CBCT (Vatech, Hwaseong, Korea) device, with a large 21x19 and a medium 12x9 cm field of view, and high-dose (HD– ranging from 85 to 110 kV) and low-dose (LD– ranging from 75 to 95 kV) protocols, totalling four groups (21x19 cm HD, 21x19 cm LD, 12x9 cm HD, 12x9 cm LD). The radiation dose within each group was fixed by adapting the mA according to a predetermined dose-area product. For CL evaluation, three observers assessed images based on overall quality, sharpness, contrast, artefacts, and noise. For QUANT evaluation, mean grey value shift, % increase of standard deviation (SD), % of beam-hardening and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. For TECH evaluation, segmentation accuracy, CNR, metal artefact SD, metal object area, and sharpness were measured. Representative parameters were chosen for CL, QUANT and TECH evaluations to determine the optimal kV based on biplot graphs. kV values of the same protocol were compared by bootstrapping approach. The ones that had statistical differences with the best kV were considered as worse quality. Results: Overall, kV values within the same group showed similar quality (p>0.05), except for 110 kV in 21x19 cm HD and 85 kV in 12x9 cm HD of CL score; also 85, 90 kV in 21x19 cm HD and 75, 80 kV in 21x19 cm LD of QUANT score which were worse (p<0.05). Conclusion: At a constant dose, low and high kV protocols yield acceptable image quality for a narrow-detector CBCT unit.
关键词： Image Quality,Computed-assisted image analysis,Phantoms,Imaging,Optimization,Cone-beam computed tomography
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Hyperspectral imaging for non-destructive prediction of total nitrogen concentration in almond kernels
摘要： There is increasing awareness of the need to consume high-quality foods because of health concerns. Food safety and health awareness campaigns have provided an impetus for non-destructive and real-time methods for food quality assessment. Total nitrogen is used as an indicator of crude protein content in foods and we examined the potential of hyperspectral imaging to predict total nitrogen concentration in four brands of almonds purchased from commercial retailers. A hyperspectral imaging system in the wavelength range 400-1000 nm was used in the study. A partial linear squares regression (PLSR) model was developed, which predicted total nitrogen concentration with a determination coefficient (R2 p) of 0.82 and a root mean error square of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.16. These results indicated that hyperspectral imaging has great potential to predict total nitrogen concentration of almond kernels.
关键词： food quality,nuts,crude protein,nutritional composition,rapid assessment,almond
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Comparison of image quality and lesion detection between digital and analog PET/CT
摘要： Objective The purpose of this study was to compare image quality and lesion detection capability between a digital and an analog PET/CT system in oncological patients. Materials and methods One hundred oncological patients (62 men, 38 women; mean age of 65 ± 12 years) were prospectively included from January–June 2018. All patients, who accepted to be scanned by two systems, consecutively underwent a single day, dual imaging protocol (digital and analog PET/CT). Three nuclear medicine physicians evaluated image quality using a 4-point scale (?1, poor; 0, fair; 1, good; 2, excellent) and detection capability by counting the number of lesions with increased radiotracer uptake. Differences were considered significant for a p value <0.05. Results Improved image quality in the digital over the analog system was observed in 54% of the patients (p = 0.05, 95% CI, 44.2–63.5). The percentage of interrater concordance in lesion detection capability between the digital and analog systems was 97%, with an interrater measure agreement of κ = 0.901 (p < 0.0001). Although there was no significant difference in the total number of lesions detected by the two systems (digital: 5.03 ± 10.6 vs. analog: 4.53 ± 10.29; p = 0.7), the digital system detected more lesions in 22 of 83 of PET+ patients (26.5%) (p = 0.05, 95% CI, 17.9–36.7). In these 22 patients, all lesions detected by the digital PET/CT (and not by the analog PET/CT) were < 10 mm. Conclusion Digital PET/CT offers improved image quality and lesion detection capability over the analog PET/CT in oncological patients, and even better for sub-centimeter lesions.
关键词： Analog PET/CT,Digital PET/CT,Image quality,Lesion detection capability
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Real time video image enhancement approach using particle swarm optimisation technique with adaptive cumulative distribution function based histogram equalization
摘要： Recent years, real time videos are playing an important role in different applications such as pattern recognition, security purpose, news analysis, weather digest, and video browser and so on. Due to the importance of real time video applications, the quality of the real time video must be improved for making effective results in real time video analysis process. This paper introduces the particle optimization with adaptive cumulative distribution based histogram enhancement technique (PACDHE) for improving the real time video quality. Initially the videos are collected, each incoming frame has been analyzed and noise present in the video frame is eliminated by applying the non-divisional median filter. After that, quality of real time video is enhanced iteratively by examining each pixel present in video frames using the optimized fitness and cumulative distribution function. This process is repeated continuously until to enhance the real time video frames contrast and quality. Then the performance of the system is analyzed by using CV online video database and the efficiency is examined in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE) and Entropy. The experimental results of PSO are compared with genetic algorithm based approach and found that PSO outperforms the GA approach and the existing histogram equalization approach and the existing histogram equalization approaches.
关键词： contrast enhancement,particle optimization based adaptive cumulative distribution based histogram enhancement technique (PACDHE),fitness and cumulative distribution function,CV online video database,Video quality
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52