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Beyond the H&E: Advanced Technologies for in situ Tissue Biomarker Imaging
摘要： For decades, histopathology with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining has been and remains the gold standard for reaching a morphologic diagnosis in tissue samples from humans and veterinary species. However, within the past decade, there has been exponential growth in advanced techniques for in situ tissue biomarker imaging that bridge the divide between anatomic and molecular pathology. It is now possible to simultaneously observe localization and expression magnitude of multiple protein, nucleic acid, and molecular targets in tissue sections and apply machine learning to synthesize vast, image-derived datasets. As these technologies become more sophisticated and widely available, a team-science approach involving subspecialists with medical, engineering, and physics backgrounds is critical to upholding quality and validity in studies generating these data. The purpose of this manuscript is to detail the scientific premise, tools and training, quality control, and data collection and analysis considerations needed for the most prominent advanced imaging technologies currently applied in tissue sections: immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, laser capture microdissection, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic/optical methods. We conclude with a brief overview of future directions for ex vivo and in vivo imaging techniques.
关键词： laser capture microdissection,immunohistochemistry,quality control,in situ hybridization,biomarkers,molecular pathology,fluorescence microscopy,MALDI
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia, Spain (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Performances of the Rotating Fanbeam Scatterometer on Cfosat
摘要： The Ku-band rotating fan-beam scatterometer (RFSCAT) onboard the China-France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) is dedicated to the measurement of sea surface wind vectors. The flight model of RFSCAT has been assembled and tested, and the data processing algorithms have been developed. This paper provides an overview of the design and characteristics of RFSCAT instrument, and then a prelaunch analysis is carried out to estimate the scatterometer backscatter and wind accuracy. The overall study includes two parts: first, a forward model is developed to simulate the ocean backscatter signals under certain wind conditions; second, a wind inversion processor is used to retrieve sea surface wind vectors from the outputs of the forward model. Simulations show that the backscatter accuracy and the retrieved wind quality of RFSCAT are quite promising and meet the scientific requirements of the mission.
关键词： Scatterometer,simulation,quality control,wind
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Pilot capability evaluation of a feedback electronic imaging system prototype for in-process monitoring in electron beam additive manufacturing
摘要： Electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique increasingly used by many industrial sectors, including medical and aerospace industries. The application of this technology is still, however, challenged by many technical barriers. One of the major issues is the lack of process monitoring and control system to monitor process repeatability and component quality reproducibility. Various techniques, mainly involving infrared (IR) and optical cameras, have been employed in previous attempts to study the quality of the EBAM process. However, all attempts lack the flexibility to zoom-in and focus on multiple regions of the processing area. In this paper, a digital electronic imaging system prototype and a piece of macroscopic process quality analysis software are presented. The prototype aims to provide flexibility in magnifications and the selection of fields of view (FOV). The software aims to monitor the EBAM process on a layer-by-layer basis. Digital electronic images were generated by detecting both secondary electrons (SE) and backscattered electrons (BSE) originating from interactions between the machine electron beam and the processing area using specially designed hardware. Prototype capability experiments, software verification and demonstration were conducted at room temperature on the top layer of an EBAM test build. Digital images of different magnifications and FOVs were generated. The upper range of the magnification achieved in the experiments was 95 and the demonstration verified the potential ability of the software to be applied in process monitoring. It is believed that the prototype and software have significant potential to be used for in-process EBAM monitoring in many manufacturing sectors. This study is thought to be the necessary precursor for future work which will establish whether the concept is suited to working under in-process EBAM operating conditions.
关键词： In-process monitoring,Electron beam melting,Electronic imaging,Metallic materials,Additive manufacturing,Quality control,Backscattered electrons,Secondary electrons
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Prototype of the Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Expert System for Particleboard Identification
摘要： The overall goal of this work was to develop a prototype expert system assisting quality control and traceability of particleboard panels on the production floor. Four different types of particleboards manufactured at the laboratory scale and in industrial plants were evaluated. The material differed in terms of panel type, composition, and adhesive system. NIR spectroscopy was employed as a pioneer tool for the development of a two-level expert system suitable for classification and traceability of investigated samples. A portable, commercially available NIR spectrometer was used for nondestructive measurements of particleboard panels. Twenty-five batches of particleboards, each containing at least three independent replicas, was used for the original system development and assessment of its performance. Four alternative chemometric methods (PLS-DA, kNN, SIMCA, and SVM) were used for spectroscopic data classification. The models were developed for panel recognition at two levels differing in terms of their generality. In the first stage, four among twenty-four tested combinations resulted in 100% correct classification. Discrimination precision with PLS-DA and SVMC was high (>99%), even without any spectra preprocessing. SNV preprocessed spectra and SVMC algorithm were used at the second stage for panel batch classification. Panels manufactured by two producers were 100% correctly classified, industrial panels produced by different manufacturing plants were classified with 98.9% success, and the experimental panels manufactured in the laboratory were classified with 63.7% success. Implementation of NIR spectroscopy for wood-based product traceability and quality control may have a great impact due to the high versatility of the production and wide range of particleboards utilization.
关键词： traceability,quality control,expert system,NIR spectroscopy,particleboard
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Quantification of gemcitabine intravenous drugs by direct measurement in chemotherapy plastic bags using a handheld Raman spectrometer
摘要： This aim of this study was to assess the ability of Raman spectroscopy to quantify antineoplastic drugs directly in the finished product in plastic bags using a handled Raman spectrometer. Gemcitabine diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride was analyzed at various concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 mg/mL directly through plastic bags using a handled 785 nm Raman spectrometer. In accordance with EMA guidelines, quantitative models were developed to predict gemcitabine concentration in bag using partial least squares (PLS) regression. In order to evaluate the transposability of the developed Raman method and the routine method (flow injection analysis with UV detection), independent samples were analyzed using both techniques. The impact of the plastic bag was also evaluated by analysis samples through two different bags. The best model was obtained after standard normal variates preprocessing (SNV) for 15 latent variables. This model presented an excellent correlation between predicted and theoretical concentration values (R2 of 0.9938 from the calibration set), a low limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 3.68 mg/mL and acceptable repeatability and intermediate precision lower than the expected acceptance limit of 5% over the entire concentration range tested (except for the average concentration of 5.73 mg/mL). For the 48 preparations higher than the LLOQ, the Bland-Altman approach showed the interchangeability of the wo methods with a difference bias of 2%. Moreover, no significant difference of predicted concentrations between the two containers tested (p = 0.189) was observed. Despite some limitations for low concentrations, this study clearly shows promising results for real-time monitoring of gemcitabine infusion preparations without removing samples. The non-invasive nature of this method should ensure the correct dose before administration to patients and with heightened safety for operators.
关键词： cytotoxic drug,handheld spectrometer,Raman spectroscopy,quantitative analysis,quality control
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Konzept zur 3?D-Vermessung von Hornhautspendergewebe mithilfe eines klinischen OCT; Concept for 3D measurement of corneal donor tissue using a?clinical OCT;
摘要： We present a concept for non-contact tomographic measurement and characterization of corneal donor tissue within the cell culture medium. The purpose is to screen corneal tissue for pathologies or alterations after refractive surgery. Image acquisition is performed with the clinical anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) Casia 2 (Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan). An edge detection of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the donor cornea is performed after preprocessing and noise reduction of the data. A sphero-cylindrical surface model is then fitted to the detected surfaces in order to determine the radius of curvature, the surface refractive values, the keratometer readings and central thickness of the cornea. A cornea phantom with defined geometry was used to validate the algorithm and finally 74 donor corneas were measured in the cell culture flask. The large axial measurement range of the OCT enables measurement of the phantom and tissue samples within the culture flask with a diameter of approximately 7 mm. The developed program reliably removes artifacts caused by the wall of the flask and those originating from the tissue holder and facilitates calculation of the sphero-cylindrical model for the anterior and posterior surfaces. The measurement results for the phantom show minimal deviations from the manufacturer’s data. The measured radius of curvature of the corneas was within normal limits. The anterior OCT Casia 2 enables rapid 3-dimensional measurement of corneal donor tissue in the culture medium. The measurable range covers approximately 7 mm of the graft diameter, which is mainly limited by the holder used for the donor tissue. Topographical and pachymetric parameters could be derived from the volume data.
关键词： Eye banks,Optical coherence tomography,Donor cornea,Quality control,Transplant
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Indonesian Black Tea Classification Using Fourier-Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and a Principal Component Analysis
摘要： Indonesian black tea (Camellia sinensis) is processed based on several standard methods to achieve a certain grade. There are more than 25 grades produced including Dust one (D1), Fanning's (FANN) and Pekoe Fanning's (PF). In general, the physical appearances are similar to each other, which makes it difficult to be differentiated from visual observations by non-experts. During the packaging process, a tea grade can easily be packed using a bag with a different label of the grade. In the global market, such a mistake should be avoided before shipping. Since shipping usually involves a large number of bags, then rapid, accurate, and nondestructive methods are critical. This paper discusses a method for classifying tea grades rapidly, accurately and nondestructively using Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) and a principal component analysis (PCA). Sixty-nine tea samples from grade Dust one (D1), Fanning's (FANN) and Pekoe Fanning's (PF) were separated into two groups; 46 samples were used for the training sets and 30 samples for the validation sets. The analysis successfully differentiated that of 3 different grades, indicating that the method is a potential alternative for tea classification in quality control processes.
关键词： principal,FTIR,Indonesian black tea,quality control
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Evaluation of radiation protection conditions in intraoral radiology
摘要： Introduction: The dental radiology represents about 20% of human exposure to radiation in radio diagnostic. Although the doses practiced in intraoral dentistry are considered low, they should not be ignored due to the volume of the performed procedures. This study presents the radiation protection conditions for intraoral radiology in Curitiba - PR. Methods: Data was collected through a quantitative field research of a descriptive nature during the period between September of 2013 and December of 2014. The survey sample consisted of 97 dentists and 130 intraoral equipments. The data related to the equipments was collected using structured questions and quality control evaluations. The evaluations of the entrance skin dose, the size of the radiation field and the total filtration were performed with dosimetry kits provided and evaluated by IRD/CNEN. The exposure time and voltage were measured using noninvasive detectors. The occupational dose was verified by thermoluminescent dosimeters. The existence of personal protection equipment, the type of image processing and knowledge of dentists about radiation protection were verified through the application of a questionnaire. Results: Among the survey’s results, it is important to emphasize that 90% of the evaluated equipments do not meet all the requirements of the Brazilian radiation protection standards. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge about radiation protection, the poor operating conditions of the equipments, and the image processing through visual method are mainly responsible for the unnecessary exposure of patients to ionizing radiation.
关键词： Radiation protection,Intraoral radiology,Quality control in radiology
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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0535 NIR technology as a process analytical tool for cheese inspection
摘要： The chemical composition of cheese is significantly related to quality, as it is responsible for its shelf life, yield and texture. However, conventional methods for determination of chemical composition are laborious and time-consuming. Fast assessment tools such as NIR spectroscopy and spectral imaging could be used for the quality control of cheeses. The advantage of this technique is that it allows several constituents to be measured simultaneously in a quick and nondestructive way. The objective of this work was to investigate spectral imaging combined with principal component analysis (PCA) for assessment of cheese samples. Spectral information of six varieties of cheese (Cheddar, coalho, Minas, mozzarella, prato and block processed cheese) were obtained using a spectral imaging system, between 928 and 2524 nm, with 6 nm intervals, resulting in 256 analyzed wavelengths. The first two principal components were responsible for 98.2% of the variation among samples, and the score plot presented good separation among samples of coalho cheese, mozzarella and Minas cheese. Loadings show that some peaks are strongly influenced by wavebands, associated to chemical bonds related to protein and fat. Spectral imaging combined with multivariate analysis can be a potential tool for fast cheese quality assessment.
关键词： quality control,spectral imaging,PCA
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A green approach for the quantification of daptomycin in pharmaceutical formulation by UV spectrophotometry
摘要： Daptomycin is the first approved drug from a new class of antimicrobials, the cyclic lipopeptides, and is a very important antimicrobial agent in current clinical practice. Currently, there are no “green” analytical methods described in the literature to analyze the typical pharmaceutical dosage form of daptomycin. Thus, the aim of this work was to validate an environment-friendly spectrophotometric method in the UV region, for the analysis of daptomycin as a lyophilized powder. Water was used as diluent and the analyses were carried out on a spectrophotometer at 221 nm. The method met all validation requirements of the ICH guidelines, over a concentration range of 6-21 μg mL-1. A Student’s t-test demonstrated that the proposed method was comparable to an HPLC method previously validated. Thus, the validated spectrophotometric method could quantify daptomycin in a powder form for injectable solutions, while being an economical, rapid, and “green” alternative for routine analysis in quality control.
关键词： Antimicrobials/quality control,Daptomycin/determination,Spectrophotometry/green analytical method,Spectrophotometry/UV region/quantitative analysis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14