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Quantitative analyses of amount and localization of radiosensitizer gold nanoparticles interacting with cancer cells to optimize radiation therapy
摘要： Previous studies showed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are useful radiosensitizers which optimize radiation therapy under low-dose radiation. However, the mechanisms of AuNP radiosensitization, including the amount and localization of the AuNPs interacting with cancer cells, has not yet been quantified. To answer these questions, we prepared AuNPs conjugated with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) antibody via polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains (AuNP-PEG-HER2ab). AuNP-PEG-HER2ab specifically bound to the HER2-expressing cancer cells and entered the cells via endocytosis. Whether endocytosis of AuNP-PEG-HER2ab occurred had no effect on radiosensitization efficacy by AuNP-PEG-HER2ab in vitro. The radiosensitization efficacy in vitro depended on dose of AuNP-PEG-HER2ab or dose of X-ray. Moreover, AuNP-PEG-HER2ab administrated into tumor-bearing mice was localized to both the periphery of the tumor tissue and near the nuclei in cancer cells in tumor deep tissue. The localization of AuNP-PEG-HER2ab in tumor tissues was important factors for in vivo powerful radiosensitization efficacy.
关键词： Radiation therapy,Radiosensitizer,Low-dose radiation,Gold nanoparticle,HER2
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Boosting the Radiosensitizing and Photothermal Performance of Cu <sub/>2-x</sub> Se Nanocrystals for Synergetic Radiophotothermal Therapy of Orthotopic Breast Cancer
摘要： The small difference between tumor and normal tissues in their responses to ionizing radiation has been a significant issue for radiotherapy of tumors. Herein, we report that dumbbell-shaped heterogeneous copper selenide-gold nanocrystals can serve as an efficient radiosensitizer for enhanced radiotherapy. The mean lethal dose of X-rays to 4T1 tumor cells can be drastically decreased about 40%, i.e., decreasing from 1.81 Gy to 1.10 Gy after culture with heterostructures. Due to the synergetic effect of heterostructures, the dose of X-rays is also much lower than those obtained from mixture of Cu2-xSe + Au nanoparticles (1.78 Gy), Cu2-xSe nanoparticles (1.72 Gy) and Au nanoparticles (1.50 Gy), respectively. We demonstrate that the sensitivity enhancement ratio of Cu2-xSe nanoparticles was significantly improved 45% (i.e., from 1.1 to 1.6) after the formation of heterostructures with gold. We also show that the hetero-nanocrystals exhibit an enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, due to the synergetic interactions of localized surface plasmon resonance. These properties highly feature them as a multimodal imaging contrast agent (particular for photoacoustic imaging, computed tomography imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography after labeled with radioisotopes) and as a radiosensitizer for imaging guided synergetic radiophotothermal treatment of cancer. The research provides insights for engineering low-Z nanomaterials with high Z elements to form hetero-nanostructures with enhanced synergetic performance for tumor theranostics.
关键词： radiosensitizer,multimodal imaging,radiotherapy,heterogeneous nanoparticles,photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Gold nanoparticles as a potent radiosensitizer in neutron therapy
摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizer for use in neutron therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatocellular carcinoma cells lines Huh7 and HepG2 were irradiated with γ and neutron radiation in the presence or absence of gold nanoparticles. Effects were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, cell survival, cell cycle, DNA damage, migration, and invasiveness. Gold nanoparticles significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of Huh7 and HepG2 cells to γ-rays by 1.41- and 1.16-fold, respectively, and by 1.80- and 1.35-fold to neutron radiation, which has high linear energy transfer. Accordingly, exposure to neutron radiation in the presence of gold nanoparticles induced cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and cell death to a significantly higher extent, and suppressed cell migration and invasiveness more robustly. These effects are presumably due to the ability of gold nanoparticles to amplify the effective dose from neutron radiation more efficiently. The data suggest that gold nanoparticles may be clinically useful in combination therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma by enhancing the toxicity of radiation with high linear energy transfer.
关键词： neutron therapy,cancer,radiosensitizer,γ-ray,gold nanoparticles
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04