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Effectiveness of camera traps for quantifying daytime and nighttime visitation by vertebrate pollinators
摘要： Identification of pollen vectors is a fundamental objective of pollination biology. The foraging and social behavior of these pollinators has profound effects on plant mating, making quantification of their behavior critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of different pollinators for the plants they visit. However, accurate quantification of visitation may be problematic, especially for shy animals and/or when the temporal and spatial scale of observation desired is large. Sophisticated heat- and movement-triggered motion-sensor cameras (“camera trapping”) provide new, underutilized tools to address these challenges. However, to date, there has been no rigorous evaluation of the sampling considerations needed for using camera trapping in pollination research. We measured the effectiveness of camera trapping for identifying vertebrate visitors and quantifying their visitation rates and foraging behavior on Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae). Multiple still cameras (Reconyx HC 500) and a video camera (Little Acorn LTL5210A) were deployed. From 2,753 recorded visits by vertebrates, we identified five species of nectarivorous honeyeater (Meliphagidae) and the honey possum (Tarsipedidae), with significant variation in the species composition of visitors among inflorescences. Species of floral visitor showed significant variation in their time of peak activity, duration of visits, and numbers of flowers probed per visit. Where multiple cameras were deployed on individual inflorescences, effectiveness of individual still cameras varied from 15% to 86% of all recorded visits. Methodological issues and solutions, and the future uses of camera traps in pollination biology, are discussed. Conclusions and wider implications: Motion-triggered cameras are promising tools for the quantification of vertebrate visitation and some aspects of behavior on flowers. However, researchers need to be mindful of the variation in effectiveness of individual camera traps in detecting animals. Pollinator studies using camera traps are in their infancy, and the full potential of this developing technology is yet to be realized.
关键词： camera trapping,honeyeaters,pollination,plant mating,vertebrates,pollination syndrome,remote sensing,honey possum,Banksia
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Recent Progress in Quantitative Land Remote Sensing in China
摘要： During the past forty years, since the first book with a title mentioning quantitative and remote sensing was published [1], quantitative land remote sensing has advanced dramatically, and numerous books have been published since then [2–6] although some of them did not use quantitative land remote sensing in their titles. Quantitative land remote sensing has not been explicitly defined in the literature, but we consider it as a sub-discipline of remote sensing including the following components (see Figure 1): radiometric preprocessing, inversion, high-level product generation, and applications. Many inversion algorithms rely on physical models of radiation regimes of landscapes, which link with remotely-sensed data. Generating high-level satellite products of land surface biophysical and biochemical variables create the key bridge between remote sensing science and applications. Conducting in situ measurements for validation of inversion algorithms and satellite products is also a critical component. Application of satellite products to address scientific and societal relevant issues will ultimately decide the future of quantitative land remote sensing.
关键词： inversion algorithms,in situ measurements,land surface biophysical and biochemical variables,satellite data,quantitative land remote sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Locally Oriented Scene Complexity Analysis Real-Time Ocean Ship Detection from Optical Remote Sensing Images
摘要： Due to strong ocean waves, broken clouds, and extensive cloud cover interferences, ocean ship detection performs poorly when using optical remote sensing images. In addition, it is a challenge to detect small ships on medium resolution optical remote sensing that cover a large area. In this paper, in order to balance the requirements of real-time processing and high accuracy detection, we proposed a novel ship detection framework based on locally oriented scene complexity analysis. First, the proposed method can separate a full image into two types of local scenes (i.e., simple or complex local scenes). Next, simple local scenes would utilize the fast saliency model (FSM) to rapidly complete candidate extraction, and for complex local scenes, the ship feature clustering model (SFCM) will be applied to achieve re?ned detection against severe background interferences. The FSM considers a fusion enhancement image as an input of the pulse response analysis in the frequency domain to achieve rapid ship detection in simple local scenes. Next, the SFCM builds the descriptive model of the ship feature clustering algorithm to ensure the detection performance on complex local scenes. Extensive experiments on SPOT-5 and GF-2 ocean optical remote sensing images show that the proposed ship detection framework has better performance than the state-of-the-art methods, and it addresses the tricky problem of real-time ocean ship detection under strong waves, broken clouds, extensive cloud cover, and ship ?eet interferences. Finally, the proposed ocean ship detection framework is demonstrated on an onboard processing hardware.
关键词： ship detection,optical remote sensing,saliency,scene partition,feature clustering
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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INFLUENCE OF FLIGHT CONFIGURATION USED FOR LiDAR DATA COLLECTION ON INDIVIDUAL TREES DATA EXTRACTION IN FOREST PLANTATIONS
摘要： In the last decades, several studies have been conducted aiming to the extraction of forest variables from LiDAR data. Although such studies have indicated great potential, the high cost associated with LiDAR data acquisition process inhibits the technology to become an operational technique for forestry applications. The cost of a LiDAR survey, as for any other data collection techniques, is composed of fixed and variable costs. The variable portion, which can be optimized, is dependent, among other factors, on the number of flight hours. The flight time is mainly dependent on the flight configuration used for the survey. The objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of using different operational parameters on different species of forest plantations, to provide inputs for an adequate cost-benefit analysis. The different configurations are evaluated in terms of the number of individual trees automatically detected, individual height and volume, using the forest inventory as the reference data. The experiments have shown that compatible results are obtained using different configurations with flight time varying by a factor of 3.5 to 10 times. Also, for a given point density, preference should be given to the configuration based on a lower flying height.
关键词： volume,remote sensing,forest mensuration,Airborne LiDAR,tree height,progressive densification,operational parameters
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2020 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) - San Francisco, CA, USA (2020.2.16-2020.2.20)] 2020 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC) - 19.2 A 110mK 295?μW 28nm FDSOI CMOS Quantum Integrated Circuit with a 2.8GHz Excitation and nA Current Sensing of an On-Chip Double Quantum Dot
摘要： An electromagnetic wave propagating through the ionosphere is subject to path delay and the depolarizing effect of Faraday rotation, both of which are dependent on global position and geometry. These effects introduce error and consequently reduce the range resolution of remote sensing polarimetric measurements. Satellite-to-ground communications may be adversely altered by these effects so as to inhibit signal reception. The work presented here introduces a simple vectorized model for a large-field-of-view, low-Earth-orbit, satellite system that yields Faraday rotation and path delay according to global position and geometric parameters. Comparison is made with current models, through the simulation of Faraday rotation and path delay. The presented work may extend the range over which Faraday rotation and path delay estimation are reliable. The work presented forms part of a large-field-of-view, low-Earth-orbit satellite model exploiting multiple-input multiple-output polarimetry in three dimensions.
关键词： remote sensing,Faraday rotation,ionosphere,path delay,satellite communications
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Novel gas-phase sensing scheme using fiber-coupled off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (FC-OA-ICOS) and cavity-reflected wavelength modulation spectroscopy (CR-WMS)
摘要： By feeding back the reflected light from the first cavity mirror to a single-/multi-pass gas cell via a multi-mode fiber, we demonstrated a novel gas-phase analytical scheme for methane (CH4) detection by combing fiber-coupled off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (FC-OA-ICOS) and cavity-reflected wavelength modulation spectroscopy (CR-WMS). This scheme has an electrical module and two optical sensing modules which are connected through both single- and multi-mode optical fibers. Long-distance gas sensing application was conducted for verifying the analytical ability of the demonstrated technique exploiting the two fiber-coupled optical modules. A detection limit of 3 parts-per-million in volume (ppmv) for an 84 s averaging time and a precision of 56 ppmv for a 150 s averaging time were achieved using FC-OA-ICOS and CR-WMS, respectively. Two different CH4 measurement ranges were achieved in the sensor system with a wide dynamic range from ~ 15 ppmv to ~ 12% for CH4 detection. Field monitoring of CH4 leakage was performed for environmental analysis under a static and mobile mode using the wireless-controlled vehicle-mounted gas sensor. The proposed gas sensing scheme with fiber-coupled dual optical modules demonstrates a good potential for long-distance field CH4 measurements, especially for those in hazardous environment where in-situ human observation is impossible.
关键词： Remote sensing analysis,Fiber-coupled,Wavelength modulation spectroscopy,Chemical gas sensor,Off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries in (Ag <sub/>x</sub> Cu <sub/>1-x</sub> )(In <sub/>y</sub> Ga <sub/>1-y</sub> )Se <sub/>2</sub>
摘要： Development and validation of the surface suspended sediment concentration (SSC) models derived from the surface remote-sensing reflectance spectra [Rrs (λ)] are important in satellite monitoring of estuarine and coastal waters. Seven empirical and seven semianalytical spectral reflectance models for evaluation of the surface SSC were compared with one another and with laboratory tank (one dataset) and in situ measurements (two datasets) performed in different natural waters of East China. All models were presented in the form of Rrs spectral ratios, in which wavelengths were selected from the list of NASA’s satellite sensor, MODIS unsaturated central wavelengths. A statistical analysis has been performed to find the best models and spectral ratios for remote-sensing monitoring purposes. Analysis has shown that empirical models are generally superior to the semianalytical models for solution existence, prediction accuracy, and correlation with the observed SSC values. However, all semianalytical models using the red to green spectral ratio have demonstrated approximately the same accuracy and correlation as empirical models, what provides an additional support for using more simple easily calculated empirical models. Additionally, relationships between SSC and inherent optical properties (IOPs) (absorption and backscattering coefficients) and between IOPs and Rrs (λ) provided by the semianalytical models have their own benefits for aquatic optics and remote sensing purposes.
关键词： scattering parameters,backpropagation,Absorbing media,remote sensing,water pollution.
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) - Rajshahi, Bangladesh (2019.7.11-2019.7.12)] 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2) - Study on the Performance of ZnO/CuO Heterojunction Solar Cell Simulation and Experimental
摘要： The Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), the largest global rainforest on earth, contains nearly 30% of the rainforest on earth. Given the regional complexity and dynamics, there are large government investments focused on controlling and preventing deforestation. The National Institute for Space Research (INPE) is currently developing five complementary BLA monitoring systems, among which the near real-time deforestation detection system (DETER) excels. DETER employs MODIS 250 m imagery and almost daily revisit, enabling an early warning system to support surveillance and control of deforestation. The aim of this paper is to present the methodology and results of the DETER based on AWIFS data, called DETER-B. Supported by 56 m images, the new system is effective in detecting deforestation smaller than 25 ha, concentrating 80% of its total detections and 45% of the total mapped area in this range. It also presents higher detection capability in identifying areas between 25 and 100 ha. The area estimation per municipality is statistically equal to those of the official deforestation data (PRODES) and allows the identification of degradation and logging patterns not observed with the traditional DETER system.
关键词： remote sensing,rainforest,Monitoring,public policies
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Micro-transfer-printing of InP Photonic Devices to Silicon Photonics
摘要： Vertically and horizontally inhomogeneous distributions of hydrometeors are often observed in precipitating clouds. The 3-D characteristics can then cause errors in the passive microwave rainfall measurements with the current off-nadir viewing sensors’ speci?cations. This result is due to the fact that the same surface rainfall could be associated with different amounts of hydrometeors depending on the sensors’ viewing paths. In this paper, we con?rmed that the plane-parallel radiative treatment to the atmosphere leaves a notable de?ciency in the microwave radiometric signatures, particularly at the higher frequency channels for different viewing directions when largely inhomogeneous precipitating clouds are accompanied by signi?cant ice particles. The mean differences between the two brightness temperature ?elds with two opposite azimuthal viewing directions were up to approximately 40 ?K for the vertically polarized channel at 85.5 GHz in the case study. The impact of the 3-D effect on the passive microwave rainfall estimations was also examined by synthetic retrievals employing a Bayesian methodology. The results showed that the uncertainty in the rainfall estimations due to the 3-D effect depended on the viewing directions considered in the a priori information. It was also found that taking more viewing angles or the azimuth angles in the a priori information into consideration tended to moderate the retrieval difference that resulted from the different viewing directions. In addition, the retrieval uncertainty related to the 3-D effect appeared to be more signi?cant for heavy rainfall cases with large amounts of ice particles, as expected.
关键词： 3-D radiative transfer,precipitation,3-D effect,Passive microwave remote sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - An analysis of Passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) cell and module
摘要： A synergetic approach for the estimation of stable boundary layer height (SBLH) using lidar and microwave radiometer (MWR) data is presented. Vertical variance of the backscatter signal from a ceilometer is used as an indicator of the aerosol stratification in the nocturnal stable boundary layer. This hypothesis is supported by a statistical analysis over one month of observations. Thermodynamic information from the MWR-derived potential temperature is incorporated as coarse estimate of the SBLH. Data from the two instruments are adaptively assimilated by using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). A first test of the algorithm is performed by applying it to collocated Vaisala CT25K ceilometer and humidity and temperature profiler MWR data collected during the HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) campaign at Jülich, Germany. The application of the algorithm to different atmospheric scenarios reveals the superior performance of the EKF compared to a nonlinear least squares estimator, particularly in nonidealized conditions.
关键词： signal processing,Adaptive Kalman filtering,microwave radiometry,remote sensing,laser radar
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57